RESUMO
Epidermal powder immunization (EPI) with an influenza vaccine and an adjuvant such as QS-21, LTR72, or cholera toxin elicited augmented serum and mucosal antibody responses in mice. Rhesus macaques, which have an immune system and skin structure similar to humans, were used to further evaluate the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine following EPI. EPI of rhesus macaques with an influenza vaccine and QS-21 adjuvant elicited significantly higher serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers than antigen alone administered by EPI or by intramuscular (IM) injection using a needle and syringe. In the absence of QS-21, EPI and IM injection elicited comparable HI titers in the monkeys. This study suggests that EPI is a promising technique for administering human vaccine and that QS-21 augments the immunogenicity of co-administered influenza vaccine.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Toxina da Cólera/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intramusculares , Macaca mulatta , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Pós , Saponinas/administração & dosagem , Saponinas/imunologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
QS-21 is a natural saponin adjuvant derived from the tree Quillaja saponaria Molina. Previous studies over a limited dose range suggested the acylation is critical to adjuvant activity. In this study, we prepared DS-1 (deacylated QS-21) and RDS-1 (reacylated DS-1 with dodecylamine at a different site than QS-21) to determine the effect on a dose-response curve over a wider range in mice. DS-1 and RDS-1 induced IgG1 responses at higher doses compared to that induced by QS-21. DS-1 was inactive for inducing IgG2a or CTL responses at any doses. RDS-1 showed moderate IgG2a response at 240 microg, but did not show CTL response at any dose evaluated.
