RESUMO
Genome editing in agriculture and food is leading to new, improved crops and other products. Depending on the regulatory approach taken in each country or region, commercialization of these crops and products may or may not require approval from the respective regulatory authorities. This paper describes the regulatory landscape governing genome edited agriculture and food products in a selection of countries and regions.
Assuntos
Biotecnologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados/normas , Edição de Genes , Genoma de Planta , Regulamentação Governamental , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Saúde Global , HumanosAssuntos
Agricultura/legislação & jurisprudência , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Engenharia Genética/legislação & jurisprudência , Regulamentação Governamental , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Medição de Risco/legislação & jurisprudência , Medição de Risco/métodos , Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In May 2014, a New Zealand court rendered the first judicial opinion in the world about the legal classification of gene-editing techniques. The court ruled that ZFN-1 and TALEs are techniques of genetic modification and thus within the New Zealand statute and regulations governing genetically modified organisms. This article explains the facts of this legal matter, the reasoning of the court, and provides commentary about the implications of this decision for New Zealand and other jurisdictions around the world.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/legislação & jurisprudência , Política Ambiental , Engenharia Genética/legislação & jurisprudência , Organismos Geneticamente Modificados , Engenharia Genética/métodos , Regulamentação Governamental , Nova ZelândiaRESUMO
Agricultural trade between nations is a significant proportion of total international trade. Agricultural trade in transgenic crops faces extra complications due to the existence of domestic and international regimes that focus specifically on agricultural biotechnology. These specialized regimes create legal and commercial challenges for trade in transgenic crops that have significant implications for the food security of the nations of the world. By food security, one should understand not just the available supply of food, but also the quality of the food and the environmental impact of agricultural production systems. These specialized regimes for transgenic crops can either encourage or hinder the adoption of agricultural biotechnology as a sustainable intensive agriculture. Sustainable intensive agriculture offers hope for agronomic improvements for agricultural production, socio-economic betterment for farmers and environmental benefits for societies. Sustainable intensive agriculture offers particular hope for the poorest farmers of the world because agricultural biotechnology is a technology in the seed.
