RESUMO
Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop was used to determine the genetic diversity of horses recovered from a Scythian princely tomb dating from the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Eight haplotypes were found among the 13 ancient horse samples tested. Phylogenetical analysis showed that these ancient horse's sequences, along with two Yakut ones, were distributed throughout the tree defined by modern horses' sequences and are closely related to them. No clear geographical affiliation of the specimens studied was thus determined. Our work, among others, supports the very ancient origin of the matrilines in horses.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Fósseis , Variação Genética , Cavalos/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Análise por Conglomerados , Biologia Computacional , Primers do DNA , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Congelamento , Geografia , Haplótipos/genética , Cazaquistão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The excavation of a frozen grave on the Kizil site (dated to be 2500 years old) in the Altai Republic (Central Asia) revealed a skeleton belonging to the Scytho-Siberian population. DNA was extracted from a bone sample and analyzed by autosomal STRs (short tandem repeats) and by sequencing the hypervariable region I (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA. The resulting STR profile, mitochondrial haplotype, and haplogroup were compared with data from modern Eurasian and northern native American populations and were found only in European populations historically influenced by ancient nomadic tribes of Central Asia.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Emigração e Imigração , Antropologia Forense , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos/genética , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem/genética , Ásia , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Demografia , Fósseis , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Paleontologia , Filogenia , Sibéria , EsqueletoRESUMO
We present a series of 29 necropsies in which organic compounds (including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antidepressants, phenothiazine, opiates, cannabinoids, meprobamate, digoxin and nefopam) were detected in arthropod larvae sampled on human corpses. No correlation was observed between drug concentrations in the larvae versus human samples. When tested, inter-larvae and inter-site variations of drug concentrations (i.e., within larvae when analyzed separately, and within anatomic sites when larvae were grouped according to their site of sampling) were enormous and not reproducible from one case to another, confirming that arthropod larvae are unreliable for quantitative toxicological analysis. Since drugs identified in maggots are always detectable in the cadaver too, we conclude that larvae analysis is of almost no interest for practical forensic casework.