Parental exposure of Tadalafil has beneficial effect on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring.

Tadalafil has positive effects on neurodevelopment and antioxidant defense system, but there is no information for its possible role during gestation on reflexive motor behavior in offspring. So current study determined the effect of prenatal exposure to the Tadalafil on reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant activity in mice offspring and antidepressive behaviors in postpartum dams. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice were allocated into four groups. In control group, mice received water while in Groups 2-4, female mice orally gavage with Tadalafil (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/kg) at gestation day (GD) 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17, respectively. Following delivery, pups were selected and reflexive motor behaviors determined using ambulation, hind-limb foot angle, surface righting, hind-limb strength, grip strength, front-limb suspension, and negative geotaxis tests. Also, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in offspring. On Day 2 postpartum, antidepressant activity of Tadalafil was determined by open field test (OFT), rotarod, forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) in dams. Based on the findings, maternal exposure to Tadalafil improved ambulation score, hind-limb suspension score, grip strength, and front-limb suspension in offspring (P < 0.05). Prenatal exposure to Tadalafil decreased surface righting, hind-limb foot angle, and negative geotaxis in offspring (P < 0.05). Tadalafil decreased blood MDA and increased SOD and GPx levels in offspring (P < 0.05). Tadalafil significantly decreased immobility time in FST and TST and increased number of squares crossed in OFT and spending time on rotarod on postpartum mice (P < 0.05). These results suggested that parental exposure of Tadalafil has positive effect on reflexive motor and postpartum behaviors.

Prenatal exposure to α-pinine improves reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring.

α-pinene is a well-known compound representative of the monoterpenes group with a wide range of pharmacological activities. This article aims to determine effects of the prenatal exposure to α-pinene on reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were allocated into four groups. Group 1 served as control and groups 2-4 were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected α-pinene (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) on 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 days of gestation (GD). The control group was injected with saline at the same days. Following delivery, 20 pups from each litter were selected and reflexive motor behaviours determined using ambulation, hindlimb foot angle, surface righting, hindlimb strength, grip strength, front-limb suspension and negative geotaxis tests. Based on the findings of the present study, maternal exposure to α-pinene increased ambulation score, hind-limb suspension score, grip strength, front-limb suspension compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Also, prenatal exposure to α-pinene decreased surface righting, hind-limb foot angle and negative geotaxis in mice offspring compared with the control group (P < 0.05). α-pinene (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) decreased blood MDA and increased SOD and GPx levels in mice offspring (P < 0.05). These results suggested α-pinene exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring possibly due to its antioxidant properties.