Designing a robust controller for a lower limb exoskeleton to treat an individual with crouch gait pattern in the presence of actuator saturation.

Crouch gait is a gait anomaly observed in youngsters with cerebral palsy (CP). Rehabilitation robots are useful for treating individuals with crouch gait. Multiple factors have impact on crouch, including contracture, spasticity, weak motor control, and muscle feebleness, which make the designing and controlling of these exoskeletons for this population a challenging job. A harsh kinematic trajectory enforced by an exoskeleton control strategy may place individuals with spasticity at a high risk of muscle tissue injury. Therefore, in this article, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control method is proposed to reduce this risk and improve crouch gait pattern. A constrained control law is used in the model since high power demands may threaten the wearer. In addition, the controller needs to be robust enough against external disturbances and uncertainties. Thus, a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is presented to compute the wearer-generated muscular torque and the uncertainties in the modeling. In addition, a robust constrained MIMO backstepping sliding controller (CMBSC) based on NDO is used to deal with the effect of actuator saturation and uncertainties. A simulation test was used to validate the proposed model and controller. The results of Simulation confirmed the efficiency of the proposed control method when applied to crouch gait with subject specific gait reference. Then, some experimental tests were undertaken to validate the efficiency of the proposed controller.

Human-exoskeleton control simulation, kinetic and kinematic modeling and parameters extraction.

Exoskeletons are new robotic systems that are in close contact with the human body. Thus, their performances are influenced by many factors, including the selection of its structure, actuators, measurement devices, parameters, and mechanism of coupling to the human body. The latter offers numerous challenges to its design, evaluation and modification, including analyzing the effectiveness of the exoskeleton, finding the optimal force for actuators and, discovering the effect of changes in design parameters on human muscle behavior, which are very difficult to measure. Therefore, numerical simulations play an important role in solving these challenges and have the potential to improve treatment strategies and medical decision-making. In this study, a simulation-based method is presented for the designing and analysis of the parameters of an exoskeleton and its wearer's kinetics and kinematics. Model-based design software, including OpenSim and Inventor, and mathematical software, such as MATLAB, are integrated. This method can assist in the modification of exoskeleton devices and allow physiologists, neuroscientists, and physical therapists to generate new solutions for rehabilitation programs using exoskeletons. •Using the movements parameters of each individual subject in her/his exoskeleton design.•Combining the power of OpenSim body movement and the ability of Matlab in mathematical calculations.•Considering the effect of exoskeleton parameters on each muscle-skeleton movement.