Cholecystectomy among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Cholecystectomy refers to the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is indicated in acute cholecystitis, and other complications of gallstones like cholecystitis, pancreatitis and bile duct obstruction, the presence of gallbladder trauma, and gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of cholecystectomy among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 July 2021 to 1 July 2022 were collected between 10 February 2023 to 20 February 2023 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute (Reference number: 630/2079/80). Convenience sampling method was used. Documents and medical records of the cholecystectomy patients were assessed for personal data, medical history was extracted and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 2452 patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, 894 (36.46%) (34.46-38.26, 95% Confidence Interval) underwent cholecystectomy. Conclusions: The prevalence of cholecystectomy in our study was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: cholecystectomy; cholelithiasis; Nepal; prevalence.

Compound Heterozygous MYO5B Mutation, a Cause of Infantile Cholestasis: A Case Report.

Infantile cholestasis is a common clinical problem in early infancy characterised by impairment in bile formation and/or flow. It requires prompt evaluation for underlying aetiology to initiate appropriate management. Although biliary atresia remains the most important aetiology, metabolic and monogenic disorders are increasingly identified with advances in diagnostic genetic testing. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis disorders characterised by defects in biliary canalicular transport are among the most common monogenic disorders of cholestasis. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the Myosin 5B gene leading to a progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis-like phenotype with or without intestinal features of microvillus inclusion disease is a relatively recently identified disorder. The incidence of these newer variants of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is not yet known due to the paucity of studies. We report an uncommon cause of refractory cholestasis reported in a girl who presented with severe pruritus as the primary manifestation.

Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from Healthy Dogs and Their Owners from Kathmandu Valley.

This cross-sectional study was designed to identify information on the frequency, antimicrobial resistance and species diversity of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) among pet dogs and humans within households. Fifty five nasal swabs each from dogs and their owners were collected. MRCoNS were identified based on gram staining, culture on mannitol salt agar, biochemical tests, and mecA gene amplification. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assessed by a disc diffusion test. Uniplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed for the species identification of MRCoNS and SCCmec typing, respectively. Species were further confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The prevalence of MRCoNS was 29% in dog owners and 23.6% in dogs. Four different species of MRCoNS, Staphylococci saprophyticus (48.3%), S. haemolyticus (24.1%), S. warneri (17.2%), and S. epidermidis (10.3%), were detected. Two isolates each from dog owners and dogs showed a constitutive resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (cMLSB) resistance, eight isolates each from dogs and their owners showed a macrolide-streptogramin B (MSB) resistance, and only two isolates from dog owners revealed an inducible resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) resistance. SCCmec types were SCCmec type IV (55.2%), SCCmec type V (24.1%), SCCmec III (10.3%), SCCmec II (3.4%); two isolates were non-typable. MRCoNS are prevalent and genetically diverse in companion animals and humans. Different species of MRCoNS were found in dogs and their owners.