Evaluation and Comparison of Physical Properties of Cention N with Other Restorative Materials in Artificial Saliva: An In Vitro Study.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine and compare flexural strength and microhardness of Cention N with Glass ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Gold Label Type IX Extra) and Zirconomer improved at a distinctive time period in artificial saliva. Materials and methods: Cention N, GC Gold Label Type IX Extra, Zirconomer improved for the fabrication of samples. To determine the physical properties such as flexural strength and microhardness, test samples (n-30) of dimensions 12 mm (length)*4 mm (breadth)*2 mm (thickness) were made and divided into three groups. Every sample was dipped for 28 days in a plastic tube containing 5 mL of artificial saliva. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc test, intergroup and intragroup analyses were carried out. Results: In an intergroup analysis, flexural strength and microhardness of Cention N were substantially higher than Zirconomer improved and GIC (GC Gold Label Type IX Extra), respectively. In intragroup analysis found that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the level of flexural strength as well as microhardness after samples were immersed in artificial saliva of group A (Cention N), group B (GC Gold Label Type IX Extra), and group C (Zirconomer improved) from 1st day to 28th day in artificial saliva. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Cention N had the highest flexural strength and microhardness of the three materials tested. Zirconomer improved can be used as a basic filling material in various restorative procedures due to good comparable mechanical properties and is economical for patients. How to cite this article: Adsul PS, Dhawan P, Tuli A, et al. Evaluation and Comparison of Physical Properties of Cention N with Other Restorative Materials in Artificial Saliva: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):350-355.

Evaluation of Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries Using International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS): An In Vivo Study.

Background: In terms of maintaining esthetics and function, reducing pain, and encouraging wellness, primary dentition care is just as important as permanent tooth care. The purpose of this research was to see how efficient silver diamine fluoride is at preventing tooth decay. Materials and method: The 3- month clinical experiment included a sample size of 30 children (both males and females) aged 4-8 years by applying silver diamine fluoride on the carious tooth to evaluate the efficacy of silver dimaine fluoride in arresting the caries. The children were kept on follow-up and IOPA's were taken to check the arrest of caries at baseline, 1 month and after 3 months. To assess the progression of caries radiographic interpretation of IOPA X-rays was done using ICCMS scores at baseline, 1 month and 3 months. Results and conclusion: The current study found that topical 38% silver diamine fluoride arrest tooth decay and was effective for treating dental caries in school-aged children in the short term. How to cite this article: Sharma M, Tuli A, Dhawan P, et al. Evaluation of Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries Using International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS): An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S172-S175.

QLF-D: A Contemporary Plaque Control Tool in Children.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main causative factors for maximum periodontal diseases are dental plaque and oral biofilms. This study was done to check the impact of quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) as a motivational tool for plaque control among children from various schools situated in Dehradun district along with education using audiovisual aids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total sample of 800 school-going children including both males and females aged 6 to 12 years from various schools situated in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand were surveyed. A pro forma was prepared and the demographics of the students were noted. All the students were first examined for the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) and then the random division was done into two groups, group A (Q-scan) and group B (basic diagnostic aids) for examination of plaque index. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that good OHI-S scores increased significantly from 1st visit to 3rd visit. The plaque scores for the control group, when examined with basic diagnostic aids of all three visits, were significantly good which increased subsequently from 1st visit to 3rd visit. Good plaque index score increased significantly for the test group from 1st to 3rd visit when examined with QLF-D. CONCLUSION: We found in our study that QLF technology is of paramount importance in epidemiological surveys and plays a pivotal role in evaluating masses in maintaining oral health care. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Solanki R, Tuli A, Dhawan P, et al. QLF-D: A Contemporary Plaque Control Tool in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):502-505.

Quantitative evaluation of remineralizing potential of three agents on artificially demineralized human enamel using scanning electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive analytical X-ray element analysis: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the remineralization potential of three remineralizing systems as follows: fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and CPP-ACP with fluoride, under scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study A total of 40 enamel specimens were prepared from the buccal or lingual surfaces of human premolars extracted for orthodontic reason. Specimens were then placed in demineralizing solution for 96 h, to produce artificial caries-like lesion. Calcium and phosphate weight percentage of demineralized specimens was measured. Specimens were divided into four groups as follows: (a) control, (b) CPP-ACP, (c) CPP-ACP with fluoride, and (d) fluoride varnish. Except for the control group, the entire specimens were subjected to remineralization using respective remineralizing agents of their groups. The prepared specimens were assessed for calcium and phosphate weight percentage using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test, was performed with the help of critical difference (CD) or least significant difference at 5% and 1% level of significance. P ≤ 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant and P < 0.001 as statistically highly significant. RESULTS: The mean weight percentage of calcium and phosphorus of specimens treated with CPP-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes plus fluoride (ACPF) was significantly higher than other groups. CONCLUSION: All the groups showed statistically significant remineralization. However, because of added benefit of fluoride, CPP-ACPF showed statistically significant amount of remineralization than CPP-ACP.

Coronal Tooth Discoloration After the Use of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in regenerative procedures but observations have indicated that with its use there is dark staining of the tooth structure. This case report describes the treatment of tooth discoloration caused by white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). Revascularization was performed with the use of WMTA in the upper left central incisor. Grayish discoloration appeared 9 months later, the tooth necessitating internal bleaching of the tooth. A significant improvement was observed in the crown after internal bleaching. The choice of material should not rely solely on biological and functional aspects, but aesthetic considerations should also be taken into account. The patient needs to be advised of risks, benefits, and alternatives to internal bleaching, eg, a veneer or a crown. Coronal discoloration is a significant distraction and embarrassment for many people in achieving an aesthetic smile; thus, it must be corrected at the earliest possible stage of discoloration.

Perceived Stress and Stressors among Medical and Dental Students of Bhairhawa, Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Medical school is recognized as a stressful environment that may have a negative effect on a student's academic performance, health, and psychosocial well-being. This could further impact future health professionals' attitudes and compromise patients' care. This study aims to find out various sources of stress for medical and dental students to help prevent many future health problems in a student's life. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study done in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairhawa, Nepal, among undergraduate final year bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery and third and fourth year (phase I and phase II) dental students, using a questionnaire with Likert's scale. Data obtained was tabulated and analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Results showed that stress during exam 210 (92.9%) and preparation phase 200 (88.5%) stood out as the maximum stressors for our study group. The least stress-causing element was recorded as terms with seniors 45 (19.9%), adjustment with roommates 52 (23.01%), and competing with peers 69 (30.53%). Length of course 187 (82.74%), understanding the course 173 (76.55%), reading several textbooks 171 (75.66%), and work overload 165 (73.01%) amounted to significant stressors. CONCLUSIONS: Stress has a detrimental effect both on health as well as academic performance. The stressors at the campus should be identified and proper coping assistance should be provided to individual students. Systemic efforts are needed to address their concerns and make mental health care easily accessible to them. Counseling and awareness are recommended.

The prevalence of dental anxiety and fear among 4-13-year-old Nepalese children.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety among children aged 4-13 years using three fear scales, i.e., facial image scale (FIS), Nepalese version of Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 300 children (4-13 years) who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. The fear and anxiety levels were measured using three fear measurement scales, i.e., FIS, Nepalese version of CFSS-DS, and MCDAS. The dental behavior observed was rated according to the Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). RESULTS: The prevalence of dental fear according to FIS was 11.9% as evident from children having FIS 4 and 5 scores. Dental fear with CFSS-DS ≥38 was identified in 49 children (21 [12.5%] male and 28 [21.21%] female). In assessment of the behavior of children in the clinics through FBRS, it was observed that the maximum number of respondents (70.6%) showed Frankl's rating 3, i.e., positive. CONCLUSION: The Nepalese versions of the CFSS-DS and the MCDAS are both reliable and valid scales for evaluating dental anxiety and fear in young children. Assessing dental anxiety and fear is useful, as behavior management can be designed accordingly for child patients.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of podoplanin in odontogenic tumours & cysts using anti-human podoplanin antibody.

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic Cysts & tumors originate through some aberration from the normal pattern of odontogenesis. Ameloblastoma is one of the most frequent intraosseous odontogenic tumors. However it is no longer appropriate to use the diagnosis of ameloblastoma without specifying the type. Varied-clinical entities of ameloblastoma differ in their biologic behaviour. Odontogenic cysts like dentigerous and radicular cysts are less aggressive in nature than odontogenic tumors. Recently, podoplanin commonly used as a lymphatic endothelial marker in cancers has recently been found to play a possible role in odontogenic tumorigenesis also. Therefore the purpose of this study was to immunohistochemically analyse the expression of podoplanin in ameloblastomas, KCOTs, dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts & dental follicles. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 15 Ameloblastomas (7 follicular, 6 unicystic, 2 desmoplastic),10KCOTs, 5 dentigerous cysts, 5 radicular cysts & 5 dental follicles were immunohistochemically examined using antibody against podoplanin. RESULTS: All ameloblastomas displayed podoplanin expression in ameloblast-like cells of the epithelial islands while the stellate-reticulum like cells exhibited no or weak immunostaining. Expression of podoplanin in KCOTs was strongly positive in the cells of the basal and suprabasal layers & odontogenic epithelial nests. Positive immunoreaction for podoplanin was observed in the inflammatory radicular cysts and inflamed dentigerous cyst only and negative or weak expression in the lining epithelium of uninflamed dentigerous cysts and dental follicles. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that podoplanin can be used as a potential proliferative marker to observe the aggressive behaviour of ameloblastomas and KCOTs.