Novel base-initiated cascade reactions of hemiindigos to produce dipolar γ-carbolines and indole-fused pentacycles.

Novel continuous-flow cascade reactions are developed for producing 1,4-diaryl-disubstituted dipolar γ-carbolines 2 that contain a carboxylate group and their two pentacyclic precursors 6, 7 from hemiindigos 1. The nucleophilic and pro-electrophilic chemistry described is new to the hemiindigos 1, and it led to the discovery of antimycobacterial scaffold characteristic of rimino-type pentacycles 6, 7 and potent drug clofazimine. The new scaffold like clofazimine appears to be useful in developing lead agents active against drug-resistant/dormant TB.

[Natural killer cells of different immunological phenotypes (CD16+, CD56+ and CD57+) in the blood of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Estestvennye kletki-killery razlichnogo immunologicheskogo fenotipa (CD16+, CD56+ i CD57+) v krovi bol'nykh insulinozavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The method of flow cytometry employing monoclonal antibodies a Leu 7 (CD57), a Leu 11 (CD16) and a NKH-1 (CD56) was used to examine to content of different subpopulations of natural killer cells in the blood of primary patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in healthy subjects. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus showed as compared with healthy persons a lower content of natural killer cells carrying all the examined markers, in particular, CD56. The degree of reduction of the number of natural killer cells of different subpopulations is individual for each patient that, possibly, reflects the diversity of causes leading to development of the disease.