Analysis of Dynamic Geometric Configuration of the Aortic Channel from the Perspective of Tornado-Like Flow Organization of Blood Flow.

Analysis of the data of morphometry of aortic casts, aortography at different pressures, and multispiral computer tomography of the aorta with contrast and normal pulse pressure showed that geometric configuration of the flow channel of the aorta during the whole cardiac cycle corresponded to the conditions of self-organization of tornado-like quasipotential flow described by exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation and continuity of viscous fluid typical for this type of fluid flows. Increasing pressure in the aorta leads to a decrease in the degree of approximation of the channel geometry to the ratio of exact solution and increases the risk of distortions in the structure of the flow. A mechanism of evolution of tornado-like flow in the aorta was proposed.

[Quantitative Evaluation of Intracardiac Blood Flow by Left Ventricle Dynamic Anatovy Based On Exact Solutions of Non-Stationary Navier-Stocks Equations for Selforganized tornado-Like Flows of Viscous Incompresssible Fluid].

New approach to intracardiac blood flow condition analysis based on geometric parameters of left ventricle flow channel has been suggested. Parameters, that used in this method, follow from exact solutions of nonstationary Navier-Stocks equations for selforganized tornado-like flows of viscous incompressible fluid. The main advantage of this method is considering dynamic anatomy of intracardiac cavity and trabeculae relief of left ventricle streamlined surface, both registered in a common mri-process, as flow condition indicator. Calculated quantity options that characterizes blood flow condition can be use as diagnostic criterias for estimation of violation in blood circulation function which entails heart ejection reduction. Developed approach allows to clarify heart jet organization mechanism and estimate the share of the tornado-like flow self-organization in heart ejection structure.

Effect of morphine on the number and branching of astrocytes in various regions of rat brain.

We studied the effects of morphine in high doses on astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, and caudate nucleus of rat brain. Activation of astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens and lateral septal nucleus was manifested in hyperplasia and elongation of astrocyte processes. In the caudate nucleus, the total length of astrocyte processes and branching of individual astrocytes decreased.

[Ultrastructure of the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus in the norm and during pain threshold stimulation]. / Ul'trastruktura glavnogo sensornogo iadra troinichkovogo nerva koshki v norme i pri porogovom bolevom razdrazhenii.

Ultrastructural organization of main sensory trigeminal nucleus neurons and synapses was studied in norm and in threshold pain irritation of teeth pulp of the cat. The neurons were divided into small and large ones. The latter were identified according to ultrastructural organization of perikaryon and significant number of axo-somatic synapses, formed by presynaptic terminals of different size. These neurons react to threshold pain irritation. Changes were observed more often in axonic terminals than in the endings of specific pain afferent fibres.

[Changes in the rat cerebral cortex ultrastructure following peroral administration of manganese chloride]. / Izmeneniia ul'trastruktury kory bol'shogo mozga krysy pri peroral'nom vvedenii khloristogo margantsa.

The effect of 30 days treatment with MnCl(2).4H2O (50 mg/kg in doze) on neuron ultrastructure and interneuronal contacts of cerebral cortex frontoparietal area was studied in rat. The material for the research was taken on 1st (group 1) and 4th (group 2) month of the experiment. Changes in neurons and cortex synapses were less significant than those in subcortical structures. In 1st group of experimental animals neurons displayed vacuolar system hyperplasia and swelling of a part of mitochondria. Changes in synapses were heterogenous from reduction of synaptic vesicles number and mitochondria swelling to degeneration after "dark" type. Despite the fact that intoxication with MnCl(2).4H2O was over, changes in cortical neurons in group 2 were significant although no cells with signs of reorganization were observed. In neuropil of rats from group 2 reduced number of synaptic vesicles as well as reorganized endings filled with amorphous osmiophilic content were encountered more often as compared to animals from group 2.

[Ultrastructural changes in the septum pellucidum of the cat brain after its long-term self-stimulation]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia v septume mozga koshki pri ego dlitel'noi samostimuliatsii.

During prolonged electrical stimulation of the septum (self-stimulation 2-3 h daily for 2.5 months) perikarion of most neurons, situated around the tip of the stimulating electrode undergoes peripheral chromatolysis, less part of the neurons is shrunk, mitochondria are desorganized, invaginations of the nuclear membrane occur more often and deeper. Intercellular clefts are sharply dilated, profiles of altered myelin fibers are observed, presynaptic terminals decrease in their number. Axonal terminals with agglutinated vesicles become more numerous. In other terminals osmiophilic bodies and membranous inclusions are revealed. Under electric stimulation a sharp reaction of glial cells, especially astrocytes is observed. One group of astrocytes participate in phagocytosis of the degenerating structures, while the other--in formation of the glial scar.

[Synapsoarchitectonics of the septum of the cat brain]. / Sinapsoarkhitektonika peregorodki mozga koshki.

In the medial and lateral septal nuclei, 4 types of axonal terminals are distinguished. Type I contains spherical vesicles and forms asymmetric synapses on small and middle stems and spines of the dendrites; type I terminals comprise 63% in the medial nucleus of the total number of axons, and in the lateral one--52%. Type II contains polymorphic vesicles and forms symmetrical synapses on the soma and large dendrites. In the medial nucleus they comprise 6%, and in the lateral one--3%. Type III contains either clear spherical (IIIa), or polymorphic (IIIb) vesicles, as well as 1-2 vesicles with a dense core. They form axodendritic, axospine and axosomatic synapses. In the medial nucleus they comprise 25% and 3%, respectively, in the lateral one--40% and 2%. Type IV contains a great number of vesicles with a dense core. These terminals in both septal nuclei comprise 3% and do not participate in formation of active contacts.

[Features of the ultrastructural organization of the neuropile of the 1st layer of the cerebral cortex in the cat]. / Osobennosti ul'trastrukturnoi organizatsii neiropilia pervogo sloia kory bol'shikh polusharii koshki.

The ultrastructure of layer 1 in the middle ectosylvian gyrus (field 22) of the cerebral cortex was investigated in cat. It is shown that the basic part of the superficial neuropile under the subpial astrocytic layer is occupied by nerve fibres, their terminals, final branches and spines of dendrites and by the surrounding astrocyte processes. More than 90% of presynaptic terminals contain round synaptic vesicles. Axo-spine and axo-dendritic asymmetrical synapses are the predominant interneuronal contacts. Presynaptic terminals with flattened and pleomorphic synaptic vesicles participate in the formation of all symmetric contacts, composing 6% of the total number of synapses. Large polymorphic protrusions are described which contain vacuoles and invaginate in varicose enlargements of the terminal branches of apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. These so-called "multivacuolar sacs" are appendages of presynaptic terminals. The identification of synaptic function in relation to the shape of synaptic vesicles is considered.

[Ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex neurons at different levels of motor activity]. / Ultrastruktura neironov kory golovnogo mozga krys pri razlichnykh urovniakh dvigatel'noi aktivnosti.

The reaction of neurons in rat motor cortex during the intensive motor activity and fatigue caused by swimming was investigated with the electron microscope. In both the cases the nuclear envelope in the neuron perikaryon was sharply enlarged resulting in the appearance of deep invaginations; the nucleolus displaced towards the nuclear envelope. Components of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex increase in size and number, ribosomes become more numerous, the cytoplasm getting denser. During fatigue the above changes appear more pronounced in addition to mitochondrial swelling, the matrix becomes less dense and cristae less numerous. These changes suggest the intensification of metabolitic activity of the cortical neurons during both the intensive motor activity and fatigue.

[Synapsoarchitechtonics of the parietal and acoustic regions of the cerebral cortex of cats]. / O sinapsoarkhitektonike temennoi i slukhovoi oblastei kory golovnogo mozga koshki

The synapse architecture of the simcipital and auditory cortex of the cat (fields 7 and 22 after M. O. Gurevich and oth., 1929) was studied electron microscopically. In the both areas of the cortex there are much more axo-dendritic synapses that axo-somatic ones. In the upper layers the synapses are more often formed on small dendrites and thorns, while in layers IV-VI they often occur on the main trunks of large dendrites. The synapses on small branches and thorns of dendrites contain spherical vesicles, and the synapses on on large dendrites are formed by the terminals of two kinds-with flattened and spherical vesicles. The amount of axo-somatic synapses increases towards the lower layers of the cerebral cortes. The synapses on the soma and apical dendrites of the pyramid neurons always contain flattened vesicles; on the stellate neurons there occur perisynaptic terminals with sperical vesicles as well.