The Effects of Switching from Sevoflurane to Short-Term Desflurane prior to the End of General Anesthesia on Patient Emergence and Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

While sevoflurane and desflurane have been regarded as inhalation agents providing rapid induction and emergence, previous studies demonstrated the superiority of desflurane-anesthesia compared to sevoflurane-anesthesia in the postoperative recovery in obese and geriatric patients. We investigated whether a short-term switch of sevoflurane to desflurane at the end of sevoflurane-anesthesia enhances patient postoperative recovery profile in non-obese patients. We randomly divide patients undergoing elective surgery (n = 60) into two groups: sevoflurane-anesthesia group (Group-S, n = 30) and sevoflurane-desflurane group (Group-SD, n = 30). In Group-S, patients received only sevoflurane-anesthesia until the end of surgery (for >2 hours). In Group-SD, sevoflurane was stopped and switched to desflurane-anesthesia before the completion of sevoflurane-anesthesia (for approximately 30 minutes). We assessed the intergroup differences in the times to get eye-opening, extubation, and a bispectral index of 80 (BIS-80). Group-SD showed significantly shorter times to get eye-opening (438 ± 101 vs. 295 ± 45 s; mean difference, 143 s; 95% confidence interval [CI], 101-183; p < 0.001), extubation (476 ± 108 vs. 312 ± 42 s; mean difference, 164 s; 95% CI, 116-220; p < 0.001), and BIS-80 (378 ± 124 vs. 265 ± 49 minutes; mean difference, 113 s; 95% CI, 58-168 p < 0.001) compared to Group-S. There was no between-group difference in postoperative nausea, vomiting, and hypoxia incidences. Our results suggested that the short-term (approximately 30 minutes) switch of sevoflurane to desflurane at the end of sevoflurane-anesthesia can facilitate the speed of postoperative patient recovery.

Treatment of phalangeal osteomyelitis caused by a cat bite.

In the case of a cat bite patient, even if the external wound is small, prophylactic antibiotics should be used early and a closed observation is needed. If symptoms persist, deep infection should be considered.

Treatment with phosphodiester CpG-ODN ameliorates atopic dermatitis by enhancing TGF-ß signaling.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG phosphorothioate (PS CpG-ODN) are known to decrease IgE synthesis in Th2 allergy responses. Nonetheless, the therapeutic role of PS CpG-ODN is limited due to cytotoxicity. Therefore, we developed a phosphodiester (PO) form of CpG-ODN (46O) with reduced toxicity but effective against allergies. In this study, we first compared the toxicity of 46O with CpG-ODNs containing a PS backbone (1826S). We also investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of 46O injected intravenously in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). To elucidate the mechanism of 46O underlying the inhibition of IgE production, IgE- and TGF-ô€…-associated molecules were evaluated in CD40/IL-4- or LPS/IL-4-stimulated B cells. Our data showed that the treatment with 46O was associated with a lower hematological toxicity compared with 1826S. In addition, injection with 46O reduced erythema, epidermal thickness, and suppressed IgE and IL-4 synthesis in mice with OVA-induced AD. Additionally, 46O induced TGF-ß production in LPS/IL-4-stimulated B cells via inhibition of Smad7, which suppressed IgE synthesis via interaction between Id2 and E2A. These findings suggest that enhanced TGF-ß signaling is an effective treatment for IgE-mediated allergic conditions, and 46O may be safe and effective for treating allergic diseases such as AD and asthma. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(2): 142-147].

Dexmedetomidine to Help Nerve Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model.

Background: Several studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (DXM), a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, also has neuroprotective effects. However, its effect on impaired peripheral nerve regeneration has not been studied. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (control SHAM), group 2 (sciatic nerve injury + normal saline), and group 3 (sciatic nerve injury + DXM). The rats of group 3 were subdivided into the following three groups: DXM 0.5, 6, and 20 µg·kg-1 (groups 3A, 3B, and 3C, resp.). The sciatic nerve injury was assessed for nerve regeneration at 2 and 6 weeks. Results: There were no differences between groups 2 and 3 in their sciatic functional index (SFI) values or histological findings at 2 weeks postinjury. However, SFI differences were statistically significant at 6 weeks postinjury in group 3. The gross findings with H&E staining showed that the number of axons was higher in group 3 than in group 2. There was no histological difference according to the DXM concentration. Conclusion: The coincidental functional and histological assessment results of this study suggest that DXM for 6 weeks positively affects damaged peripheral nerves.

Central Mechanisms Mediating Thrombospondin-4-induced Pain States.

Peripheral nerve injury induces increased expression of thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia that contributes to neuropathic pain states through unknown mechanisms. Here, we test the hypothesis that TSP4 activates its receptor, the voltage-gated calcium channel Cavα2δ1 subunit (Cavα2δ1), on sensory afferent terminals in dorsal spinal cord to promote excitatory synaptogenesis and central sensitization that contribute to neuropathic pain states. We show that there is a direct molecular interaction between TSP4 and Cavα2δ1 in the spinal cord in vivo and that TSP4/Cavα2δ1-dependent processes lead to increased behavioral sensitivities to stimuli. In dorsal spinal cord, TSP4/Cavα2δ1-dependent processes lead to increased frequency of miniature and amplitude of evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents in second-order neurons as well as increased VGlut2- and PSD95-positive puncta, indicative of increased excitatory synapses. Blockade of TSP4/Cavα2δ1-dependent processes with Cavα2δ1 ligand gabapentin or genetic Cavα2δ1 knockdown blocks TSP4 induced nociception and its pathological correlates. Conversely, TSP4 antibodies or genetic ablation blocks nociception and changes in synaptic transmission in mice overexpressing Cavα2δ1 Importantly, TSP4/Cavα2δ1-dependent processes also lead to similar behavioral and pathological changes in a neuropathic pain model of peripheral nerve injury. Thus, a TSP4/Cavα2δ1-dependent pathway activated by TSP4 or peripheral nerve injury promotes exaggerated presynaptic excitatory input and evoked sensory neuron hyperexcitability and excitatory synaptogenesis, which together lead to central sensitization and pain state development.

Blood Vessel Maturation by Disintegrin in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

PURPOSE: Although Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif-containing disintegrins are associated with integrin inhibition and the activation of various biological processes, little is known about the role of RGD motif-containing disintegrin in vascular development and remodeling. We therefore investigated the role of RGD-containing disintegrin in vascular remodeling in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EGT022, an RGD-containing disintegrin originated from human a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15), was used to investigate the role of the disintegrin in vascular development in OIR mouse model. To analyze the functional effects of EGT022 on retinal vascular development, the immunohistochemistry on mouse retinas after fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) perfusion was conducted and the vessel integrity was examined using modified Mile's permeability assay. RESULTS: EGT022 was able to reduce overall retinopathy scores by 75%, indicating its efficacy in retinal microvessel maturation stimulation. Pericyte coverage was greatly stimulated by EGT022 treatment in OIR mouse model. EGT022 was also effective to significantly improve blood vessel integrity. CONCLUSIONS: RGD-containing disintegrin EGT022 stimulated vascular maturation in OIR mouse model. Experimental results suggest that EGT022 is useful for treatments to improve ischemia in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), the early stage of diabetic retinopathy.

Distinct roles of transforming growth factor-ß signaling and transforming growth factor-ß receptor inhibitor SB431542 in the regulation of p21 expression.

Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities. Autocrine TGF-ß signaling supports tumor survival and growth in certain types of cancer, and the TGF-ß signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for these types of cancer. TGF-ß induces p21 expression, and p21 is considered as an oncogene as well as a tumor suppressor, due to its anti-apoptotic activity. Thus, we hypothesized that autocrine TGF-ß signaling maintains the expression of p21 at levels that can support cell growth. To verify this hypothesis, we sought to examine p21 expression and cell growth in various cancer cells following the inhibition of autocrine TGF-ß signaling using siRNAs targeting TGF-ß signaling components and SB431542, a TGF-ß receptor inhibitor. Results from the present study show that p21 expression and cell growth were reduced by knockdown of TGF-ß signaling components using siRNA in MDA-MB231 and A549 cells. Cell growth was also reduced in p21 siRNA-transfected cells. Downregulation of p21 expression induced cellular senescence in MDA-MB231 cells but did not induce apoptosis in both cells. These data suggest that autocrine TGF-ß signaling is required to sustain p21 levels for positive regulation of cell cycle. On the other hand, treatment with SB431542 up-regulated p21 expression while inhibiting cell growth. The TGF-ß signaling pathway was not associated with the SB431542-mediated induction of p21 expression. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was downregulated by treatment with SB431542, and p21 expression was increased by Sp1 knockdown. These findings suggest that downregulation of Sp1 expression is responsible for SB43154-induced p21 expression.

The ADAM15 ectodomain is shed from secretory exosomes.

We demonstrated previously that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) is released into the extracellular space as an exosomal component, and that ADAM15-rich exosomes have tumor suppressive functions. However, the suppressive mechanism of ADAM15-rich exosomes remains unclear. In this study, we show that the ADAM15 ectodomain is cleaved from released exosomes. This shedding process of the ADAM15 ectodomain was dramatically enhanced in conditioned ovarian cancer cell medium. Proteolytic cleavage was completely blocked by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating that a serine protease is responsible for exosomal ADAM15 shedding. Experimental evidence indicates that the ADAM15 ectodomain itself has comparable functions with those of ADAM15-rich exosomes, which effectively inhibit vitronectininduced cancer cell migration and activation of the MEK/extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway. We present a tumor suppressive mechanism for ADAM15 exosomes and provide insight into the functional significance of exosomes that generate tumor-inhibitory factors.

Effect of Trendelenburg position on right and left internal jugular vein cross-sectional area.

BACKGROUND: Unlike the right internal jugular vein (RIJV), there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of the Trendelenburg position on the left internal jugular vein (LIJV). The purpose of this study is to investigate the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the LIJV and RIJV and their response to the Trendelenburg position using two-dimensional ultrasound in adult subjects. METHODS: This study enrolled fifty-eight patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I-II who were undergoing general anesthesia. CSAs of both the RIJV and LIJV were measured with a two-dimensional ultrasound in the supine position and then in a 10° Trendelenburg position. RESULTS: In the supine position, the transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and CSA of the RIJV were significantly larger than those of the LIJV (P < 0.001). Of 58 patients, the RIJV CSA was larger than the LIJV CSA in 43 patients (74.1%), and the LIJV CSA was larger than the RIJV CSA in 15 patients (25.9%). In the Trendelenburg position, CSAs of the RIJV and LIJV increased 39.4 and 25.5%, respectively, compared with the supine position. However, RIJV changed at a rate that was significantly greater than that of the LIJV (P < 0.05). Of 58 patients, the RIJV CSA was larger than the LIJV CSA in 48 patients (82.8%), and the LIJV CSA was larger than the RIJV CSA in 10 patients (17.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In supine position, the RIJV CSA was larger than the LIJV CSA. The increased CSA in the Trendelenburg position was greater in the RIJV than the LIJV.

Therapeutic effect of a TM4SF5-specific monoclonal antibody against colon cancer in a mouse model.

Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) is presumed to serve as a molecular target to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer in a mouse model. Previously, we reported the efficacy of anti-cancer peptide vaccine targeting TM4SF5. In addition, we reported an anti-proliferative effect of anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody in HCC. Here, we investigated expression of TM4SF5 in 45 primary colon cancer tissues. Almost all of the colon cancer tissues expressed TM4SF5 based on immunohistochemistry using anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody. The treatment of human colon cancer cells with anti-TM4SF5 antibody reduced growth of TM4SF5 expressing cells and enhanced expression of E-cadherin and ß-catenin. Using mouse colon cancer models, we then evaluated the in vivo anti-cancer effect of anti-TM4SF5 antibody. Injection of the antibody significantly reduced growth of tumors priorly established by subcutaneous injection of human colon cancer cells HT-29 in a xenograft setting. We obtained similar results with mouse colon cancer cell line CT-26 in an allograft setting. Therefore, we suggest that the TM4SF5-specific monoclonal antibody has a therapeutic effect against colon cancer.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 regulates infiltration of macrophages into melanoma via phosphorylation of FAK-Tyr9²5.

Tumor-infiltrating macrophages are potential candidates for cancer immunotherapy. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying macrophage infiltration into tumors is poorly understood. Based on our previous finding that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) enhances vitronectin-dependent migration of macrophages, we investigated the potential role of PAI-1 in macrophage invasion into melanoma. Experimental evidence obtained from spheroid confrontation assay clearly showed that PAI-1 overexpression significantly enhanced the invasion of RAW 264.7 cells into B16F10 melanoma. We further demonstrated that PAI-1 induces phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Tyr(925), which, in turn, mediated the invasion of macrophages into the melanoma. This work further illustrates that low-density lipoprotein receptor related-protein 1 (LRP1) is essential for PAI-1-mediated FAK phosphorylation and macrophage invasion into melanoma. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a novel role of PAI-1 in macrophage invasion into melanoma and provides insights into the underlying molecular mechanism.

Monoclonal antibody targeting of the cell surface molecule TM4SF5 inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The cell surface transmembrane receptor TM4SF5 has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its candidacy as a therapeutic target has not been evaluated. Building on findings that immunization with a peptide vaccine targeting human TM4SF5 can exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a murine model of HCC, we developed a monoclonal antibody to characterize expression of TM4SF5 in HCC and to target its function there as an anticancer strategy. We found that the antibody modulated cell signaling in HCC cells in vitro, reducing cell motility, modulating E-cadherin expression, altering p27(kip1) localization, and increasing RhoA activity. Using a mouse xenograft model of human HCC, we documented the in vivo efficacy of the antibody, which suppressed tumor growth in either tumor prevention or treatment designs. Our work offers a preclinical proof of concept for TM4SF5 as a promising target for antibody therapeutics to treat HCC. Cancer Res; 74(14); 3844-56. ©2014 AACR.

Superficial cervical plexus block for management of herpes zoster neuralgia in the C3 dermatome: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Herpes zoster is a well-known reactivating viral disease that gives rise to painful skin lesions. Although this vesicular rash heals up within a few weeks, pain sometimes continues, becoming postherpetic neuralgia. In the case of those at high risk of developing postherpetic neuralgia, early interventional pain management is generally recommended as a preventive measure. Pain specialists usually do not see patients face-to-face for chronic refractory pain until the stage of postherpetic neuralgia. However, active and aggressive management, including antiviral treatment, of herpetic neuralgia during the acute stage of herpes zoster promises better results. In this respect, superficial cervical plexus block can help patients, such as the case reported here, by relieving the pain of herpes zoster involving the C3 dermatome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old Korean man with severe pain in his left C3 dermatome due to herpes zoster was admitted to our hospital. His pain was so refractory to medication that he consulted our pain clinic for pain control. Due to the medication limitations imposed by his underlying diseases (hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, atrial fibrillation, and asthma), early interventional therapy including stellate ganglion block was planned. In addition, because his painful C3 dermatome overlapped significantly with the superficial cervical plexus dermatome, ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block was utilized for pain control of the intractable herpes zoster neuritis in his C3 dermatome. The result with respect to his sporadic neuralgia was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: We found superficial cervical plexus block to be an effective interventional procedure for pain management of herpes zoster, particularly at the C3-dermatomal level.

The LRP1-independent mechanism of PAI-1-induced migration in CpG-ODN activated macrophages.

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) induces plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) expression in macrophages, leading to enhanced migration through vitronectin. However, the precise role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in PAI-1 induced migration of macrophages in the inflammatory environment is not known. In this study, we elucidated a novel mechanism describing the altered role of LRP1 in macrophage migration depending on the activation state of the cells. Experimental evidence clearly shows that the blocking of LRP1 function inhibited the PAI-induced migration of resting RAW 264.7 cells through vitronectin but exerted a pro-migratory effect on CpG-ODN-activated cells. We also demonstrate that CpG-ODN downregulates the protein and mRNA levels of LRP1 both in vivo and in vitro, a function that depends on the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in reduced internalization of PAI-1. This work illustrates the distinct mechanism that PAI-1-induced migration of CpG-ODN-activated cells through vitronectin depends on the interaction of PAI-1 with vitronectin but not LRP1 unlike in the resting cells, where the migration is LRP1 dependent and vitronectin independent. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrate the altered function of LRP1 in the migration of resting and activated macrophages in the context of microenvironmental extracellular matrix components.

Calcium channel α2δ1 proteins mediate trigeminal neuropathic pain states associated with aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis.

To investigate a potential mechanism underlying trigeminal nerve injury-induced orofacial hypersensitivity, we used a rat model of chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) to study whether CCI-ION caused calcium channel α2δ1 (Cavα2δ1) protein dysregulation in trigeminal ganglia and associated spinal subnucleus caudalis and C1/C2 cervical dorsal spinal cord (Vc/C2). Furthermore, we studied whether this neuroplasticity contributed to spinal neuron sensitization and neuropathic pain states. CCI-ION caused orofacial hypersensitivity that correlated with Cavα2δ1 up-regulation in trigeminal ganglion neurons and Vc/C2. Blocking Cavα2δ1 with gabapentin, a ligand for the Cavα2δ1 proteins, or Cavα2δ1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides led to a reversal of orofacial hypersensitivity, supporting an important role of Cavα2δ1 in orofacial pain processing. Importantly, increased Cavα2δ1 in Vc/C2 superficial dorsal horn was associated with increased excitatory synaptogenesis and increased frequency, but not the amplitude, of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in dorsal horn neurons that could be blocked by gabapentin. Thus, CCI-ION-induced Cavα2δ1 up-regulation may contribute to orofacial neuropathic pain states through abnormal excitatory synapse formation and enhanced presynaptic excitatory neurotransmitter release in Vc/C2.

Effect of Propofol on microRNA Expression Profile in Adipocyte-Derived Adult Stem Cells.

MicroRNA (miRNA) pathways have been implicated in stem cell regulation. This study investigated the molecular effects of propofol on adipocyte stem cells (ASCs) by analyzing RNA expression arrays. Human ASCs were isolated by use of a liposuction procedure. ASCs were treated with saline, 50 µM propofol, or 100 µM propofol in culture media for 3 hours. After the isolation of total RNA, the expression of 76 miRNAs was evaluated with peptide nucleic acid-miRNA array analysis through denaturation and hybridization processes. Treatment with 50 µM propofol resulted in significant down-regulation of expression of 18 miRNAs and upregulation of expression of 25 miRNAs; 100 µM propofol resulted in significant downregulation of expression of 14 miRNAs and upregulation of expression of 29 miRNAs. The lowest expression was seen for miR-204, which was 0.07-fold with 50 µM propofol and 0.18-fold with 100 µM propofol. The highest expression was seen for miR-208b, which was 11.23-fold with 50 µM propofol and 11.20-fold with 100 µM propofol. Expression patterns of miRNAs were not significantly different between 50 µM and 100 µM propofol treatment. The results of this study suggest that propofol is involved in altering the miRNA expression level in human ASCs. Additional research is necessary to establish the functional effect of miRNA alteration by propofol.

Therapeutic effect of a TM4SF5-specific peptide vaccine against colon cancer in a mouse model.

Molecular-targeted therapy has gained attention because of its high efficacy and weak side effects. Previously, we confirmed that transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) can serve as a molecular target to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently extended the application of the peptide vaccine, composed of CpG-DNA, liposome complex, and TM4SF5 peptide, to prevent colon cancer in a mouse model. Here, we first implanted mice with mouse colon cancer cells and then checked therapeutic effects of the vaccine against tumor growth. Immunization with the peptide vaccine resulted in robust production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies, alleviated tumor growth, and reduced survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice. We also found that serum levels of VEGF were markedly reduced in the mice immunized with the peptide vaccine. Therefore, we suggest that the TM4SF5-specific peptide vaccine has a therapeutic effect against colon cancer in a mouse model.

Exosomes derived from human macrophages suppress endothelial cell migration by controlling integrin trafficking.

Integrin trafficking, including internalization, recycling, and lysosomal degradation, is crucial for the regulation of cellular functions. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, are believed to play important roles in intercellular communications. This study demonstrates that exosomes released from human macrophages negatively regulate endothelial cell migration through control of integrin trafficking. Macrophage-derived exosomes promote internalization of integrin ß1 in primary HUVECs. The internalized integrin ß1 persistently accumulates in the perinuclear region and is not recycled back to the plasma membrane. Experimental results indicate that macrophage-derived exosomes stimulate trafficking of internalized integrin ß1 to lysosomal compartments with a corresponding decrease in the integrin destined for recycling endosomes, resulting in proteolytic degradation of the integrin. Moreover, ubiquitination of HUVEC integrin ß1 is enhanced by the exosomes, and exosome-mediated integrin degradation is blocked by bafilomycin A, a lysosomal degradation inhibitor. Macrophage-derived exosomes were also shown to effectively suppress collagen-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and HUVEC migration, which are both dependent on integrin ß1. These observations provide new insight into the functional significance of exosomes in the regulation of integrin trafficking.

Paradoxical carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a cause of cardiac arrest and neurologic sequelae: a case report.

An 81-year-old male patient was scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis. About 50 minutes into the operation, the arterial blood pressure suddenly decreased and ventricular fibrillation appeared on the electrocardiography. The patient received cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recovered a normal vital sign. We suspected a carbon dioxide embolism as the middle hepatic vein had been injured during the surgery. We performed a transesophageal echocardiography and were able to confirm the presence of multiple gas bubbles in all of the cardiac chambers. After the operation, the patient presented a stable hemodynamic state, but showed weaknesses in the left arm and leg. There were no acute lesions except for a chronic cerebral cortical atrophy and chronic microvascular encephalopathy on the postoperative brain-computed tomography, 3D angiography and magnetic resonance image. Fortunately, three days after the operation, the patient's hemiparesis had entirely subsided and he was discharged without any neurologic sequelae.

Prophylactic effect of a peptide vaccine targeting TM4SF5 against colon cancer in a mouse model.

Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) was implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer. Previously, we have shown that immunization with TM4SF5 peptide-CpG-DNA-liposome complex induces production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies and protects mice from HCC progression in an allograft model. Here, we confirmed expression of TM4SF5 in the mouse colon cancer cell line CT-26 and found that anti-TM4SF5 antibody inhibits growth of CT-26 cells. We then immunized mice with TM4SF5 peptide-CpG-DNA-liposome complex and transplanted CT-26 cells to investigate the vaccination effects. Robust production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies was induced by challenge with CT-26 cells and the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the immunized mice. The peptide vaccine targeting TM4SF5 consequently showed a prophylactic effect against colon cancer development in a mouse model. These results suggest that the peptide vaccine can be potentially applied in humans to treat colon cancer.