A temporal and multinational assessment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cancer incidence, survival, and disease burden.

Understanding the global epidemiology of AML is critical for assessing therapeutic demand and informing healthcare resource allocation. This study estimated current and future AML incidence in 27 countries, described AML survival trends in the United States, and calculated average years of life lost (AYLL). Incidence rates were age-standardized using rates from IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and SEER databases and ranged from 0.70 to 3.23 cases per 100,000 persons. Crude incidence rates were projected from 2024 to 2040; growth varied from +1% to +46%. Median overall survival was derived from SEER databases and increased from 4 to 11 months over the last 40 years. Median AYLL of 18.6 years was estimated for 27 countries. This study projected significant growth in new AML diagnoses over the next two decades. Despite improvements in survival over the last four decades, median survival among AML patients remains poor highlighting the need for novel treatments.

Evaluating the Effect of Timing on Point-of-Care Testing of INR.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if there is a difference in International Normalized Ratio (INR) readings taken within the 15 second time frame after lancing the finger vs 30-60 seconds of obtaining a blood drop utilizing a CoaguChek® XS Plus point-of-care (POC) INR machine in patients on warfarin therapy. METHODS: All adult patients on anticoagulation therapy with warfarin who were managed in a pharmacist-run anticoagulation clinic were considered for inclusion in the study. The mean difference of INR readings taken less than 15 seconds vs between 30-60 seconds after the blood drop was obtained from the finger was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 62 pairs of INR results were included in the study. There was a mean difference in INR of .076 (95% CI 0.011-.140; P = .0217) when comparing INR readings taken less than 15 seconds and between 30-60 seconds after the blood drop was obtained from the finger. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in INR readings taken less than 15 seconds vs 30-60 seconds after obtaining the blood drop when utilizing a POC INR machine. INR readings taken 30-60 seconds after obtaining a blood drop with the CoaguChek® XS Plus POC INR machine is not acceptable for use to monitor patients on warfarin.

Evaluation of the Use of Social Media and Virtual Meeting Platforms in the Pursuit of Pharmacy Residency Training.

Introduction: The American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists (ASHP) and American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Residency Directories are two of the more traditional resources available to pharmacy students and residents looking for post-graduate programs. More recently, social media platforms have grown as an innovative means of resident recruitment and program marketing. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of social media by both PGY1 and PGY2 candidates in their pursuit of post-graduate training through the disbursement of a survey. Methods: A survey consisting of 14 questions ranging from multiple-choice questions to free-text options was emailed out to the Office of Experiential Education from 141 ACCP-accredited pharmacy schools and 1341 ASHP-accredited PGY1 Pharmacy Residency Program Directors, requesting them to forward the email to their students or residents. Results: There were a total of 714 respondents to the survey. A majority of surveyors were in the process of completing a PGY1 residency training program (70.6%). The most common platform used to research pharmacy residency programs was the ASHP directory (97.3%). A majority of respondents did not use social media to research residency programs (66.7%). Out of the ones who did use social media, Instagram was the most common platform used and provided the greatest insight into the residency program. About 60% of respondents preferred Zoom as the virtual meeting platform during interviews. Conclusion: Although social media may not be the main source of information candidates are using, residency program accounts can provide residency programs with a free additional tool for recruitment.

Discovery of CYR715: A novel carboxylic acid-containing soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a clinically validated therapeutic target in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Modulators of sGC have the potential to treat diseases that are affected by dysregulation of the NO-sGC-cGMP signal transduction pathway. This letter describes the SAR efforts that led to the discovery of CYR715, a novel carboxylic acid-containing sGC stimulator, with an improved metabolic profile relative to our previously described stimulator, IWP-051. CYR715 addressed potential idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT) liabilities associated with the formation of reactive, migrating acyl glucuronides (AG) found in related carboxylic acid-containing analogs and demonstrated high oral bioavailability in rat and dose-dependent hemodynamic pharmacology in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats.

Severe hyperthermia due to oral baclofen withdrawal.

We report a case of a 53-year-old woman who presented initially with sepsis and later in her stay developed a severe and rapidly progressing hyperthermia after a decrease in oral baclofen dosage. Her fever peaked at 42.5○C (108.5○F), creating a broad differential diagnosis and complicating her initial sepsis diagnosis. When the oral baclofen dose was increased, the fevers resolved which confirmed the clinical diagnosis of baclofen withdrawal. Dose reductions of oral baclofen should be made gradually and with caution, and patients should be monitored for fevers as a possible symptom of baclofen withdrawal.

Evaluation of Early Versus Late Postdischarge Medication Reconciliation on Readmission Rates and Emergency Department Visits.

BACKGROUND: The current literature speculates ideal postdischarge follow-up focusing on transitions from hospital to home can range anywhere between 48 hours and 2 weeks. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal timing of follow-up visit to prevent readmissions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of early (<48 hours) versus late (48 hours-14 days) postdischarge medication reconciliation on readmissions and emergency department (ED) use. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data for patients who had a clinic visit with a primary care provider (PCP), clinical pharmacist, or both for postdischarge medication reconciliation were reviewed. Primary outcome included hospital use rate at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included hospital use rate at 90 days and hospital use rate with a postdischarge PCP follow-up visit, clinical pharmacist, or both at 30 days. RESULTS: One hundred sixty patients were included in the analysis: 31 early group patients and 129 late group patients. There was no significant difference on hospital use at 30 days in patients who received early or late groups (32.3% vs 21.8%, P = .947). There was also no significant difference on hospital use at 90 days in patients in early versus late group (51.6% vs 50.3%, P = .842). The type of provider (PCP vs pharmacists) conducting postdischarge medication reconciliation did not show significance on hospital use at 30 days (19.9% vs 21.4%, P = .731). CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggest patients can be seen up to 14 days postdischarge for medication reconciliation with no significant difference on hospital use.

Statin Use With the ATP III Guidelines Compared to the 2013 ACC/AHA Guidelines in HIV Primary Care Patients.

BACKGROUND: The 2013 Cholesterol Guidelines include a new atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculator that determines the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and/or stroke. The applicability of this calculator and its predecessor, the Framingham risk score (FRS) in Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III, has been limited in patients with HIV. The objective of this study was to compare the risk scores of ASCVD and FRS in the initiation of statin therapy in patients with HIV. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with HIV on statin therapy from October 1, 2013, to April 1, 2014. Data collection included patient demographics, pertinent laboratory test results, and medication list. The primary end point evaluated the level of agreement between the guidelines. RESULTS: Of 155 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 116 were treated similarly with both guidelines. This showed a moderate level of agreement ( P < .001). Forty-eight of 86 patients requiring statins were placed on the correct intensity statin using the 2013 guidelines. Regardless of which guideline, a majority of patients required statin therapy. CONCLUSION: A moderate agreement was found between both guidelines in terms of statin use when applied to an HIV patient population. Based on the 2013 guidelines and taking into account drug interactions with antiretrovirals, 44.2% of the patients were treated with an incorrect statin intensity.