Mycobacterium bovis infection in humans and cats in same household, Texas, USA, 2012.

Mycobacterium bovis infection of cats is exceedingly rare in regions where bovine tuberculosis is not endemic. We describe the diagnosis and clinical management of pulmonary M. bovis infection in 2 indoor-housed cats and their association with at least 1 M. bovis-infected human in Texas, USA, in September 2012.

[Robotic assisted surgery in gynecology].

80 operations for various gynecological diseases were carried out using system. The technique of operations and short-term results are described.

[Multicenter open randomized trial of meropenem in comparison to ceftazidime and amikacin used in combination in severe hospital infections]. / Mnogotsentrovoe otkrytoe randomizirovannoe issledovanie meropenema v sravnenii s kombinatsiei tseftazidima i i amikatsina pri tiazhelykh gospital'nykh infektsiiakh.

Clinical efficacy and tolerance of meropenem were estimated by comparison with those of ceftazidime and amikacin used in combination in the therapy of hospital infections of the lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, intraabdominal and gynecologic infections, urinary tract infection and sepsis. 48 patients were given meropenem in a dose of 1 g every 8 hours for 3-14 days (the average of 9 days). 47 patients were subjected to the routine combined therapy: ceftazidime in a dose of 1 g every 8 hours and amikacin in a dose of 0.5 g every 12 hours for 2-14 days (the average of 9 days). The patient groups were comparable by the age, nature and severity of the infection and the condition (the mean APACHE II of 9.1 and 8.9). By the end of the treatment a positive clinical effect (recovery and improvement) was observed in 47 patients (97.9 per cent) treated with meropenem and in 41 patients (89.1 per cent) subjected to the combined therapy. The infection relapse within 4 weeks after the treatment completion was recorded in 3 patients in every group. Before the treatment 133 microbial strains were isolated from the patients. 121 of them were susceptible to meropenem (91.1 per cent), 111 to amikacin (83.4 per cent) and 90 to ceftazidime (67.7 per cent). The difference between meropenem and ceftazidime was significant (p = 0.0005). Eradication of the primary pathogens at the background of the meropenem therapy was stated in 41 out of 44 patients (93.2 per cent) and that of the combined therapy in 38 out of 43 patients (88.4 per cent). The microbiological relapse after the treatment completion was recorded in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Side effects were observed in 8.3 per cent of the patients treated with meropenem and in 10.6 per cent of the patients subjected to the combined therapy. The trial results were indicative of the meropenem high efficacy and good tolerance and of the possible use of the drug in the monotherapy as an alternative of the routine combined therapy of severe hospital infections.

[The current status and developmental paths of surgical gynecology]. / Sovremennoe sostoianie i puti razvitiia operativnoi ginekologii.

The article is devoted to actual problems of operative gynecology. Modern advantages in endoscopic, microsurgical, reconstructive-plastic surgery in gynecology are shown. Further improvement of the urogynecological operative technique remains to be an important task. The authors believe that the future belongs to organ-saving operations.

[The nature of the changes in the immunity of the women who worked in the cleanup of the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and were evacuated from the radioactively contaminated area]. / Kharakter izmenenii immuniteta u zhenshchin-likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES i évakuirovannykh s radioaktivno zagriaznennoi territorii.

During examination of 37 women taking part in elimination of consequences of Chernobyl's disaster was revealed, that complex of disaster factors action resulted the formation of disbalance in the system of immunocompetence cells and caused the oppression of functional activity of neutrophils. In 110 women living on the radioactive contaminated zone (5-40 Ci/km) the phenomena of the secondary immunodeficiency in the form of defeat as cellular as humoral factors of immunity and nonspecific resistance system was diagnosed.

[Progress and perspectives in the study of non-clostridial anaerobic infection of female genitalia]. / Dostizheniia i perspektivy v izuchenii neklostridial'noi anaérobnoi infektsii zhenskikh polovykh organov.

The paper summarizes the results from 15-year studies of non-clostridial anaerobic infection in obstetrics and gynecology. The authors show that strict non-spore-bearing anaerobic microbes are prevalent in the etiological pattern of pyoinflammatory diseases of the female genitals, present the basic pathogenetic features of the development and clinical signs of anaerobic infections. The present-day principles of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases are given. Prospects are shown for further studies of non-clostridial anaerobic infection in obstetric and gynecological care.

[The use of eubiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. / Primenenie éubiotikov dlia lecheniia bakterial'nogo vaginoza.

The study was concerned with the problem of the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. To correct the dysbiotic condition in the vagina, a two-stage procedure was applied. The first stage was aimed at the provision of the normal physiological condition of the vaginal medium and mucosa and the second stage was aimed at the provision of the normal microbiocenosis. At the second stage biological preparations such as lactobacterin, acylact, bifidumbacterin and bifidin were used. The recovery was stated in 88.4 per cent of the cases after a single treatment course with the use of the biological preparations. In 4.7 and 2.1 per cent of the cases the recovery was stated after two and three treatment courses respectively. In 4.7 per cent of the cases the treatment was of low efficacy. The use of the eubiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis was shown to be highly efficient.

[The clinical picture and diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis]. / Klinika i diagnostika bakterial'nogo vaginoza.

Bacterial vaginosis, a disease new in classification of vaginal infection, is described. Characteristic signs of this condition are prolonged abundant secretions from the vagina with an unpleasant odor resistant to routine antibacterial and antiinflammatory therapy. The informative criteria of the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis are a shift of vaginal contents pH to the alkaline values, positive amino test, absence of lactic flora, and detection of clue cells in gram-stained smears. Criteria of differential diagnosis between bacterial vaginosis and nonspecific vaginitis are presented.

[The treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. / Lechenie bakterial'nogo vaginoza.

A two-staged procedure involving creation of a physiologic vaginal environment and formation of normal microbiocenosis is suggested for correction of dysbiotic conditions of the vagina. Biologic preparations lactobacterin, acilact, bifidumbacterin, bifidin are used at the final stages of vaginitis therapy. Altogether 88.4% of patients were cured after the first eubiotic course, 6.8% after 2-3 courses. In 4.7% of patients the treatment was hardly effective. The results demonstrate a high efficacy of eubiotic therapy of bacterial vaginosis.