Soluble Fas antigen in the serum of patients with colon cancer.

Serum concentration of soluble Fas antigen (sFas) was measured in 60 normal subjects and 33 patients with colon cancer. The incidence of sFas detection and its serum content were higher in patients with colon cancer compared to normal subjects. No relationships between the incidence and level of sFas and patient's sex, age, duration and stage of the disease were found. Serum content of sFas tended to increase in patients with metastases to regional lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. The role of sFas as a marker predicting clinical course and outcome of colon cancer is discussed.

[Intensive preoperative hypoxic radiotherapy in combined treatment of patients with cancer of the colon]. / Intensivnaia predoperatsionnaia gipoksiradioterapiia v kombinoravannom lechenii bol'nykhs rakom obodochnoi kishki.

Efficacy of combined treatment (203 patients) and surgical treatment (200 patients) alone was analyzed. In combined treatment either radiation therapy (RT) in the dose 20 Gy over 5 days (group 1) or hypoxyradiotherapy (HRT) in the same doses but in combination with hypoxia (10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen--hypoxic gas mixture HGM-10--group 2) were used in preoperative period. In group 3 HGM-9 (9% oxygen and 91% nitrogen) was used as radioprotector in preoperative period but in increased by 25% radiation doses: total 25 Gy, 5 Gy for 5 days. In the control group only radical surgical treatment was performed. Preoperative irradiation didn't increase the rate of postoperative complications. At the same time the 5-year survival rate was higher in all the groups of patients on combined treatment than in the group of patients on surgical radical treatment. In the group with HGM-9 and increased by 25% radiation doses postoperative complications rate was lower, recurrences and distant metastases occurred less frequently.

Detection of mutant k-ras sequences in the urine of cancer patients.

DNA fragments from apoptotic cells crossing the renal barrier retain their matrix functions, which allows PCR identification of mutant sequences in excreted DNA. We investigated the possibility of detecting k-ras mutations in urinary DNA of tumor patients (colon cancer). In some patients with k-ras codon 12 mutations in tumor cell DNA the same changes were detected in the urinary DNA. The possibility of using this approach for early diagnosis and monitoring of tumors is discussed.

[Morphological aspects of intense preoperative hypoxyradiotherapy in combined treatment of patients with sigmoid colon carcinoma]. / Morfologicheskie aspekty intensivnoi predoperatsionnoi gipoksiradioterapii v kombinirovannom lechenii bol'nykh rakom obodochnoi kishki.

Morphological study has confirmed the advantage of using doses of single radiation doses 5 Gy (total dose 25 Gy) and inhalation of a hypoxic gas mixture vs other methods of treatment. The study of radiation pathomorphosis showed significants devitalization of the tumor cells realized clinically with a fall in the number of postoperative recurrences and metastases.

[Analysis of DNA excreted from the body as an approach to diagnosis and monitoring tumor growth]. / Analiz ékskretiruemoi iz organizma DNK kak podkhod k vyiavleniiu rastushchei v organizme opukholi.

Proceeding from their early data showing that some portion of DNA originating from apoptotic cells can enter the blood stream and pass through the renal barrier by preserving its template capabilities, the authors analyzed urine DNA from 29 patients with colorectal cancer. PCR was used to compare DNA samples from the normal mucosa surrounding the tumor and from the urine collected just prior to surgery. Six microsatellite loci were studied with oligonucleotide primers. The following results were obtained: i) 3 cases showed differences in one of the studied loci in normal and tissue DNA; ii) some patients displayed changes in urine DNA microsatellite loci, namely: disappearance of some alleles (loss of heterozygocity) and appearance of new ones; iii) there were no differences in microsatellite patterns of lymphocytic DNA (taken as a control) and urine DNA in healthy donors. The findings are discussed in view of current concepts of tumor clonal heterogeneity and interpreted as a promising approach to diagnosing and monitoring tumor growth.

[New approaches to organization and medical examination of servicemen (Experience of the 52d Consultative and Diagnostic Center of Department of Defence of the Russian Federation]. / Novye podkhody k organizatsii i provedeniiu dispanserizatsii voennosluzhashchikh. (Iz opyta 52-go Konsul'tativno-diagnosticheskogo tsentra MO RF)

New approaches to organization and conduction of prophylactic medical examination of servicemen were developed, scientifically grounded and introduced into the practice in Consulting-and-diagnostic Center N 52 of RF MD. Owing to it the quality and effectiveness of prophylactic examination have increased, the real picture concerning the health of contingents being served (passport of health) was obtained, the duration of profound medical examination, financial expenses and trained resources for conduction of profound medical examination and regular medical check-up with significant improvement of their quality have minimized.

[The methods of traditional medicine in outpatient polyclinic practice]. / Metody traditsionnoi meditsiny v ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi praktike.

Some 7950 patients have been treated at the traditional medicine department of the Consulting and Diagnostic Center N52, 2/3rds of them came after long and unsuccessful medicamental treatment. Psychotherapy, manual therapy and acupuncture-reflex methods were successful in 86-93% of cases. They are recommended for local clinics provided that the latter are properly equipped and stuffed.

[The continuity of the work of the hospital and the polyclinic]. / O preemstvennosti raboty gospitalia i polikliniki.

The questions of continuity in "polyclinic-hospital" link in practical plan are decided not enough: there are not enough managing documents, are not developed the uniform indications to stationary treatment of scheduled patients and patients with urgent condition, are away uniform sights on structure and volume of operative interventions in polyclinic and hospital. There is no unification diagnostic standards, there are the distinctions in registration of the conclusions, that results the duplication of researches. Duration of expectation terms of hospitalization by number of fields patients remains dragged on. The integration in connection "polyclinic-hospital" requires the uniform installations on organization of treatment with use of standardized schedules, ordering of consulting, sharp planning of discharge and admission of the patients to the hospital, improvements of the medical documentation, strengthening of the organizing roles of the leader-clinicians, increase of professional preparation of the doctors, especially polyclinical link. The realization of an offered complex of the measures does not require any serious economic expenses.

[The diagnosis and surgical procedure in tumorous obstruction of the left half of the colon]. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskaia taktika pri opukholevoi neprokhodimosti levoi poloviny obodochnoi kishki.

An analysis of results of examinations and surgical treatment of obturative obstruction in 370 patients with stenosing tumor of the left half of the colon has been made. The patients age was from 28 to 88 years. Women--219, men--151. It was established that best immediate results were obtained after radical primary operations without a simultaneous reestablishment of the intestinal continuity.

[Restoration of bowel tube continuity in patients with colostomies]. / Vosstanovlenie nepreryvnosti kishichnoí trubki u bol'nykh s kolostomoí.

The experience of restorative operations conducted within 1980-1995 in 186 patients with one-tube and separated two-tube colostomy gainred in proctologic clinic is reviewed. 179 patients suffered from cancer of the colon. The causes of performing colostomy are outlined. The main stages of restorative operation in two-tube colostomy are described. Peculiarities of colonic anastomosis formation after resection of bowel segment bearing fistula are considered, the resection being performed with the help of laser scalpel. Possibilities of the use of suturing apparatus AKA, peculiarities and advantage of its application in carrying out restorative surgical intervention in 69 patients after Hartmann's operation are demonstrated. The data of reconstructive-restorative operations in conditions of short rectal stump (modification of Duhamel operation), information about complications in restorative operations and their causes are analyzed. The mortality rate made up 2.2%. Possibility and expediency of restorative operations in patients with colostomy accompanied by metastases are discussed.