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1.
Viruses ; 16(2)2024 02 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400040

RESUMO

We aimed to assess the temporal trends of incident syphilis and its associated risk factors among men with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of men with HIV attending an HIV clinic in Korea between 2005 and 2022. Of 767 men with HIV, 499 were included and contributed 3220 person-years (PY) of the observation period. Eighty-two patients were diagnosed with incident syphilis, with an overall incidence of 2.55/100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.56-31.53). The incidence of syphilis per 100 PY gradually decreased from 2.43 (0.79-7.42) in 2005-2007 to 1.85 (1.08-3.17) in 2014-2016; however, it increased to 3.0 (1.99-4.53) in 2017-2019, and further to 3.33 (2.26-4.89) in 2020-2022. A multivariate analysis identified young age (≤30 years versus >50, adjusted HR 6.27, 95% CI 2.38-16.56, p < 0.001), treponemal test positive at baseline (2.33, 1.48-3.67, p < 0.001), men who have sex with men (2.36, 1.34-4.16, p = 0.003), and history of incarceration (2.62, 1.21-5.67, p = 0.015) as risk factors for incident syphilis. Recently, syphilis incidence in men with HIV has increased in Korea, especially in young patients and at-risk groups, highlighting the need for enhanced regular screening and targeted behavioral interventions among these populations.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Sífilis , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Sífilis/complicações , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Homossexualidade Masculina , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , Pandemias , Fatores de Risco , República da Coreia/epidemiologia
2.
Hell J Nucl Med ; 26(2): 132-139, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37527049

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluatethe diagnostic accuracies of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of myocarditis through and a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane database, and Embase database were searched from inception through November 30, 2022 for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Based on data extracted from patient-based analysis, we calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity with the 95% confidence intervals (CI). Also, we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Across 5 studies (6 results, 264 patients), the pooled sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT was 0.57 (95% CI; 0.26-0.84) and a pooled specificity of 0.89 (95% CI; 0.74-0.96). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 5.1 and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.48. The pooled DOR was 11 (95% CI; 2-47). In meta-regression analysis, no variable was the source of the study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Fluorine-18-FDG PET or PET/CT showed insufficient sensitivityand moderate specificity for diagnosis of myocarditis. These results indicated that cautious application of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT should be paid for detection of myocarditis.


Assuntos
Miocardite , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Miocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
3.
Clin Nucl Med ; 48(6): 497-504, 2023 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37001129

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of 18 F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features for prediction of malignant thyroid nodules (TNs) in thyroid incidentaloma (TI). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane database, and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through December 31, 2022, were searched for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features for prediction of malignant TNs in TI. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs; positive and negative LRs), and estimated pooled area under the curve. RESULTS: Across 5 studies (518 patients), the pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.84), and a pooled specificity was 0.67. Likelihood ratio syntheses gave an overall positive LR of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5-3.6) and negative LR of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.26-0.47). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 7 (95% CI, 4-12). The pooled area under the curve of fixed effects was 0.763 (95% CI, 0.736-0.791), and that of random effects was 0.763 (95% CI, 0.721-0.805). CONCLUSION: 18 F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics features showed a good diagnostic performance for prediction of malignant TNs in TI.


Assuntos
Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
4.
Clin Nucl Med ; 48(7): 574-580, 2023 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36976654

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer (BC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane database, and Embase database were searched from inception through November 30, 2022 for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients. Based on data extracted from patient-based and lesion-based analysis, we calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Also, we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Across 5 studies (12 results), the pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72-0.91), and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59-0.86). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0-5.6) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12-0.38). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 15 (95% CI, 7-36). The pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of pathologic complete response was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.56-0.78), and the pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.60-0.88). The pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of clinical response and nonresponse was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98), and a pooled specificity was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.42-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a good diagnostic performance for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients.


Assuntos
Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico
5.
J Infect Chemother ; 29(6): 571-575, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36716862

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up data on cancer incidence and spectrum among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Korea have been scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-infected individuals visiting a tertiary care hospital in Busan, South Korea between 1990 and 2021. The observation was divided into 4 periods. The incidence rate was calculated using direct standardization on age and sex, stratified by calendar period. RESULTS: Of the 1,297 patients, 92 patients (7.1%) were diagnosed with 97 cancers. Excluding 37 patients with prevalent cancer, 1,260 patients were followed for a total of 8,803.7 person-years (PYs), and 55 patients developed 60 incident cancers including 5 second primary incident cancers. In men, the AIDS-defining cancer (ADC) incidence decreased from 294.7 per 100,000 PYs in 1990-1997 to 124.8 per 100,000 PYs in 2014-2021, while the non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) incidence increased from 0 per 100,000 PYs to 316.5 per 100,000 PYs during the same period. The proportion of virus-unrelated NADCs (VU-NADCs) increased from 33.3% in 1998-2005 to 49% in 2014-2021. The proportion of human papillomavirus-associated cancers (HPVACs) has recently increased in both ADCs and NADCs. The median time from HIV diagnosis to their first cancer was 1.48 years for ADCs, 6.11 years for VR-NADCs, 8.3 years for VU-NADCs, and 11.5 years for HPVACs. CONCLUSION: The incidence of NADCs is increasing with the aging of HIV-infected patients, and thus, it is necessary to promote cancer screening and prevention programs.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Neoplasias , Masculino , Humanos , HIV , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
6.
Br J Radiol ; 95(1135): 20210263, 2022 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35612548

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present systematic review and meta-analysis compared the diagnostic performance of F-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and conventional imaging, including MRI, echocardiography, and CT, in characterising cardiac masses. METHODS: A literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies comparing the diagnostic accuracies of 18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging in characterising cardiac masses, from inception of indexing to 31 July 2020, was performed. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool was used to assess study quality. Sensitivity and specificity across the studies were determined, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-, respectively) were calculated, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. RESULTS: Of six included studies (n = 212 patients), 18F-FDG PET demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-0.94) and a pooled specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.80-0.94). LR syntheses yielded an overall LR+ of 7.9 (95% CI 4.3-14.6) and LR- of 0.12 (95% CI 0.07-0.22). The calculated pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 64 (95% CI 23-181). For conventional imaging, the pooled sensitivity was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57-0.81) and the pooled specificity was 0.96 (95% CI 0.88-0.98). LR syntheses yielded an overall LR+ of 16.1 (95% CI 5.8-44.5) and LR- of 0.31 (95% CI 0.21-0.46). The evaluated pooled DOR was 52 (95% CI 17-155). CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracies for the characterisation of cardiac masses. Further large multicentre studies are, however, required to corroborate the diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging for the characterisation of cardiac masses. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: No previous studies have comprehensively analysed the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT compared with conventional imaging techniques including echocardiography, CT, and MRI. According to the current study, 18F-FDG PET/CT yielded a pooled DOR of 64, whereas other conventional imaging techniques demonstrated a DOR of 52. As such, 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated sensitivity and specificity, with a high pooled DOR comparable with other conventional imaging modalities.


Assuntos
Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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