RESUMO
Limited success of current HIV-1 vaccines warrants new approaches. We discuss feasibility and potential benefits of early life HIV-1 immunization followed by vaccine boosts during childhood that may enable maturation of vaccine-induced broad anti-HIV-1 immunity over several years. By initiating this immunization approach in the very young, well before sexual debut, such a strategy may dramatically reduce the risk of HIV-1 infection.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra a AIDS/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra a AIDS/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , HIV-1/imunologia , Imunização/métodos , Fatores Etários , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/biossíntese , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We present a case of para-influenza type 1 induced rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and extensive compartment syndrome in a 6-year-old previously well child. Fasciotomies and subsequent skin grafting of both lower extremities and a prolonged course of hemodialysis led to a complete clinical and biochemical recovery.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Síndromes Compartimentais/etiologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 1 Humana/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Respirovirus/complicações , Infecções por Respirovirus/diagnóstico , Rabdomiólise/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Criança , Síndromes Compartimentais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Diálise Renal , Infecções por Respirovirus/cirurgia , Infecções por Respirovirus/terapia , Rabdomiólise/patologia , Rabdomiólise/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Recent surveys found that an increasing number of parents are concerned that infants receive too many vaccines. Implicit in this concern is that the infant's immune system is inadequately developed to handle vaccines safely or that multiple vaccines may overwhelm the immune system. In this review, we will examine the following: 1) the ontogeny of the active immune response and the ability of neonates and young infants to respond to vaccines; 2) the theoretic capacity of an infant's immune system; 3) data that demonstrate that mild or moderate illness does not interfere with an infant's ability to generate protective immune responses to vaccines; 4) how infants respond to vaccines given in combination compared with the same vaccines given separately; 5) data showing that vaccinated children are not more likely to develop infections with other pathogens than unvaccinated children; and 6) the fact that infants actually encounter fewer antigens in vaccines today than they did 40 or 100 years ago.
