RESUMO
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are active organelles, derive from the monolayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and encapsulate neutral lipids internally. LD-associated proteins like RAB, those in the PLIN family, and those in the CIDE family participate in LD formation and development, and they are active players in various diseases, organelles, and metabolic processes (i.e., obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autophagy). Our synthesis on existing research includes insights from the formation of LDs to their mechanisms of action, to provide an overview needed for advancing research into metabolic diseases and lipid metabolism.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Gotículas Lipídicas , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Doenças Metabólicas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Doenças Metabólicas/metabolismo , Doenças Metabólicas/patologia , Animais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Patients with gout are at risk for increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels and gout attacks in the short term after undergoing bariatric surgery, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of short-term treatment with uric acid-lowering medication after bariatric surgery for the control of gout attacks and SUA levels in patients with gout. METHODS: 71 patients who underwent SG from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively included. These patients were diagnosed with hyperuricemia before surgery and had a history of gout attacks. Patients were classified into a drug-treatment group (DTG, n = 32) and a non-drug-treatment group (NDTG, n = 39) according to whether they took uric acid-lowering medication after surgery. Changes in the number of gout attacks, body mass index (BMI), and SUA levels at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after bariatric surgery were measured in both groups. RESULTS: In the DTG, 22 patients (68.8%) experienced an increase in SUA within 1 week, 3 patients (9.4%) had an acute attack of gout within the first month, and no patients had a gout attack thereafter. In the NDTG, 35 patients (89.7%) experienced an increase in SUA within 1 week, 7 patients (17.9%) had an acute gout attack within the first month, and 4 patients (10.3%) experienced gout attacks between month 1 and month 3 postoperatively. Both groups were free of gout attacks between the 3rd and 6th postoperative month and showed a significant decrease in SUA and BMI by the sixth month. CONCLUSION: In patients with gout, continued use of uric acid-lowering medication after bariatric surgery is beneficial in reducing the number of gout attacks and the risk of rising SUA.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Supressores da Gota , Gota , Ácido Úrico , Humanos , Gota/sangue , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Supressores da Gota/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Hiperuricemia/sangue , Hiperuricemia/etiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Herbivorous insects utilize intricate olfactory mechanisms to locate food plants. The chemical communication of insect-plant in primitive lineage offers insights into evolutionary milestones of divergent olfactory modalities. Here, we focus on a system endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to unravel the chemical and molecular basis of food preference in ancestral Lepidoptera. We conducted volatile profiling, neural electrophysiology, and chemotaxis assays with a panel of host plant organs to identify attractants for Himalaya ghost moth Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae, the primitive host of medicinal Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus. Using a DREAM approach based on odorant induced transcriptomes and subsequent deorphanization tests, we elucidated the odorant receptors responsible for coding bioactive volatiles. Contrary to allocation signals in most plant-feeding insects, T. xiaojinensis larvae utilize tricosane from the bulbil as the main attractant for locating native host plant. We deorphanized a TxiaOR17b, an indispensable odorant receptor resulting from tandem duplication of OR17, for transducing olfactory signals in response to tricosane. The discovery of this ligand-receptor pair suggests a survival strategy based on food location via olfaction in ancestral Lepidoptera, which synchronizes both plant asexual reproduction and peak hatch periods of insect larvae.
Assuntos
Larva , Mariposas , Receptores Odorantes , Animais , Mariposas/fisiologia , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Olfato/fisiologia , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/química , Filogenia , Quimiotaxia , Álcoois Graxos/farmacologia , Álcoois Graxos/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a pathological condition characterized by a series of abnormal physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms. We evaluated the effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the treatment of patients with obesity and PMS. METHODS: In this case-control study, 131 patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/cm2) diagnosed with moderate-to-severe PMS from March 2018 to March 2022 were prospectively selected to undergo LSG or not at their own discretion. Participants self-reported their PMS severity using the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool. Among them, 68 patients chose LSG surgery, and 63 control group patients were followed up without surgery. Data were recorded at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. We used a multivariate analysis to assess the improvement in PMS symptoms and associated factors. RESULTS: Of the 131 patients with obesity and PMS, the improvement rate of PMS in the LSG group was 57.35% (n = 39), while the improvement rate of PMS in the control group was 25.40% (n = 16). Furthermore, our study revealed that surgery is an independent factor affecting the improvement of patients with PMS. Additionally, there was a correlation between alcohol use, T2DM and obesity-related metabolic diseases, and BMI with PMS. The changes in BMI, testosterone, and estradiol(E2) levels may also contribute to the improvement of patients with obesity and PMS. CONCLUSION: LSG can improve the management of obesity in patients with PMS to some extent. Changes in BMI, testosterone, and E2 may be indicative of improvement in patients with obesity and PMS.
Assuntos
Gastrectomia , Laparoscopia , Obesidade , Síndrome Pré-Menstrual , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Laparoscopia/métodos , Gastrectomia/métodos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Síndrome Pré-Menstrual/cirurgia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: From year to year, the proportion of people living with overweight and obesity in China rises, along with the prevalence of diseases linked to obesity. Although bariatric surgery is gaining popularity, there are still several issues with its promotion compared to Western nations. Since less developed places in China are more widespread due to disparities in the development of different regions, there has been little exploration of the factors that might be related to acceptance of bariatric surgery in these regions. METHODS: Patients who visited the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at the North Sichuan Medical College Affiliated Hospital from 2018 to 2022 and had obesity or other relevant metabolic problems were surveyed using a questionnaire. The relationship between demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and acceptance of bariatric surgery was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 334 patients, 171 had bariatric surgery. BMI, education level, marriage history, medical insurance, family support, and a history of type 2 diabetes were all linked to having bariatric surgery, according to a univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis, BMI (P = 0.02), education (P = 0.02), family support (P<0.001), medical insurance coverage (P<0.001), and history of type 2 diabetes (P = 0.004) were all positively associated with a willingness to have bariatric surgery. Among 163 non-bariatric patients with obesity, 15.3% were not opposed to surgery but preferred trying medication first, 54.6% leaned towards medical therapy, and 30% were hesitant. Additionally, a majority of patients (48.55%) often lacked adequate knowledge about weight reduction therapy. Age, height, gender, smoking, drinking, family history of type 2 diabetes, education, and marital status did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Many patients are concerned about the safety of surgical treatment and the possibility of regaining weight. Due to the relatively high cost of bariatric surgery, they tend to choose medical treatment. To enhance the acceptance of bariatric surgery in underdeveloped regions of China, it is crucial to focus on disseminating knowledge about bariatric surgery, offer pertinent health education to the community, and foster support from patients' families. The government should pay more attention to obesity and provide support in the form of medical insurance.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/cirurgia , Sobrepeso , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most prevalent and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine (GEM), the firstline treatment for PDAC, which alleviates symptoms and enhances the quality of life of patients. However, it is prone to lead to the development of drug resistance during treatment. Interferon (IFN)γ exhibits antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. The present study aimed to explore the impact of IFNγ on the viability, migration and apoptosis of GEMresistant pancreatic cancer cells. Firstly, a GEMresistant pancreatic cancer cell line, named PANC1/GEM, was constructed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining analyzed the cell morphology, whereas reverse transcriptionquantitative PCR (RTqPCR) assessed the expression levels of the drugresistance genes multidrug resistanceassociated protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The MTT assay and cell counting techniques were used to determine the appropriate concentration of IFNy and its effects on cell viability. The IFNγinduced apoptosis of PANC1/GEM cells was assessed using an Apoptosis Detection Kit, whereas the impact of IFNγ on the migration of these cells was evaluated using a woundhealing assay. The MTT assay revealed a resistance index of 22.4 in the PANC1/GEM cell line. RTqPCR indicated that, compared with in wildtype cells, the PANC1/GEM resistant strain exhibited lower MRP and higher BCRP mRNA expression levels. The optimal concentration of IFNγ for affecting PANC1/GEM cells was determined to be 0.3 µg/ml. At this concentration, IFNγ induced PANC1/GEM cell apoptosis, along with a notable reduction in migration. Following treatment of PANC1/GEM cells with IFNγ, MRP expression increased whereas BCRP mRNA expression decreased, indicating a reversal in their drugresistance gene expression. In conclusion, IFNγ exhibited antitumor immune properties by upregulating MRP and downregulating BCRP expression, reversing drugresistance gene expression, and reducing cell viability and migration, while promoting apoptosis in PANC1/GEM cells. IFNγ could potentially serve as a treatment option for patients with GEMresistant pancreatic cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Gencitabina , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Desoxicitidina/farmacologia , Qualidade de Vida , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Apoptose , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the long-term protective effects of gastric bypass surgery on the kidneys of hypertensive obese rats to better understand the role of gastric bypass surgery in preventing renal injury in humans with hypertension and obesity. METHODS: Compare 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, including 30 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and 30 sham operations. Body weight and blood pressure were monitored before and up to 12 months after the operation. Blood lipids, blood creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were measured. Kidney pathology was assessed using HE staining, while renal fibrosis was observed via Masson staining. Inflammatory indicators were examined by ELISA. The expression of the NLRP3 gene in the kidney was measured using immunofluorescence and western blot, and the changes in key pathways including ASC/IL-1ß protein were verified. RESULTS: RYGB reduced the body weight of hypertensive obese rats and had a protective effect on blood pressure. Additionally, the bypass effectively mitigated renal inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, RYGB modulated the expression of NLRP3 and prevented kidney damage via the ASC/IL-1 pathway. CONCLUSION: This study validates that RYGB effectively attains sustained blood pressure control in hypertensive obese rats and has a potential kidney-protective mechanism via the NLRP3-ASC/IL-1ß pathway.