Deep Learning Applications to Classification and Detection of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging: A Review.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly, more commonly in developed countries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging device widely used for the diagnosis and management of AMD. Deep learning (DL) uses multilayered artificial neural networks (NN) for feature extraction, and is the cutting-edge technique for medical image analysis for diagnostic and prognostication purposes. Application of DL models to OCT image analysis has garnered significant interest in recent years. In this review, we aimed to summarize studies focusing on DL models used in classification and detection of AMD. Additionally, we provide a brief introduction to other DL applications in AMD, such as segmentation, prediction/prognostication, and models trained on multimodal imaging.

Artificial intelligence for ocular oncology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this article is to provide an update on the latest applications of deep learning (DL) and classical machine learning (ML) techniques to the detection and prognostication of intraocular and ocular surface malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS: Most recent studies focused on using DL and classical ML techniques for prognostication purposes in patients with uveal melanoma (UM). SUMMARY: DL has emerged as the leading ML technique for prognostication in ocular oncological conditions, particularly in UM. However, the application of DL may be limited by the relatively rarity of these conditions.

Successful Management of Herpes Simplex Keratitis With Oral Valganciclovir in Patients Unresponsive or Allergic to Conventional Antiviral Therapy.

PURPOSE: To describe 4 cases of presumably immunocompetent patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis unresponsive (n = 3) or allergic (n = 1) to conventional antiviral therapy that improved with oral valganciclovir treatment. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 4 patients with HSV keratitis treated with oral valganciclovir between March 2016 and June 2018. RESULTS: We reviewed the records of 4 patients with recurrent epithelial HSV keratitis. Three patients were on antiviral prophylaxis because of a history of HSV keratitis. All patients were on oral acyclovir, valacyclovir, and/or famciclovir treatment with/without topical antiviral therapy for 4 to 6 months for prophylaxis and/or recurrent dendriform epithelial keratitis. While 3 patients had recurrent episodes during their active prophylaxis with oral antiviral therapies, one patient had a recurrence after she discontinued her oral prophylactic antiviral therapy due to recurrent self-reported allergic reactions. The patients presented with recurrent dendriform epithelial keratitis despite conventional antiviral therapy. We initiated oral valganciclovir 900 mg twice a day for 10 days as a treatment dose, followed by 900 mg daily for prophylaxis. The corneal epithelium subsequently healed within the first 2 weeks in all patients. The mean follow-up time for patients on valganciclovir prophylaxis was 8 months (range: 6-12 months), and none of the patients presented with any further recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: In case of treatment-related side effects or failure with conventional antiviral therapies, oral valganciclovir may present an alternative for the treatment and prophylaxis of HSV keratitis.