Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Repetições Minissatélites/genética , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dopamina/metabolismo , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/metabolismo , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Judeus/genética , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , LinhagemRESUMO
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, where family data support substantial heritability.(1) To date, association studies focussed mainly on genes regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission.(2)Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in the brain has been implicated with differentiation of dopaminergic neurons(3,4) and modulation of central monoaminergic reactivity.(5) We investigated the role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism,(6) in a sample of 86 children with DSM-IV ADHD and their parents. Transmission disequilibrium analysis showed increased transmission of the IL-1Ra 4-repeat allele (chi(2) = 4.07, P = 0.04) and decreased transmission of the 2-repeat allele (chi(2) = 4.59, P = 0.03) to affected children. The 4-repeat allele was associated with a significantly increased risk for ADHD (chi(2) = 4.46, df 1, P = 0.035, RR = 1.292, 95% CI 1.01-1.66). The IL-1Ra 2-repeat allele was associated with a significantly decreased risk for ADHD (chi(2) = 4.65, df 1, P = 0.03, RR = 0.763, 95% CI 0.59-0.98). If replicated, this finding may point to a role for brain cytokine activity in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/genética , Repetições Minissatélites , Sialoglicoproteínas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Criança , Citocinas/fisiologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1 , Israel , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , RiscoRESUMO
The development of akathisia-like behavior during a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a patient with psychotic depression is described. The ECT-induced akathisia responded successfully to mianserin. It seems that the beneficial effect of low-dose mianserin (15 mg/day) is related to its prominent antagonistic activity at the 5-HT2A/5-HT2C receptors.