The Composition of the Carcass, Physicochemical Properties, Texture and Microstructure of the Meat of D11 Dworka and P9 Pekin Ducks.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of genotype and sex on carcass composition and selected meat quality parameters of Dworka and Pekin ducks after two reproductive seasons. The research material consisted of 24 carcasses of Dworka ducks (breeding strain D11) and 24 carcasses of Pekin ducks from the herd of genetic resources (French Pekin, strain P-9). After cooling the carcasses (18 h, 2 °C), the pH values and electrical conductivity of the pectoral and leg muscles were determined, and then the carcass was dissected using a simplified method. After dissection, the pectoral and leg muscles were sampled for quality characteristics assessment. The Dworka ducks from breeding strain D11 compared to Pekin duck from conservative strain P9 were characterized by significantly (p < 0.05) higher carcass weight, protein and salt content, thermal drip, yellowness, thickness of perymisium and endomysium and lower water content of the pectoral muscle. Dworka ducks were also characterized by higher protein, salt and collagen content and higher electrical conductivity (EC24) of leg muscles than Pekin ducks. Regardless of genotype, male ducks had a higher gutted carcass weight with neck, salt content, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, fiber perimeter and diameters of pectoral muscle, and also higher protein and collagen, and lower fat content, pH24 and electrical conductivity of leg muscles. The genotype by sex interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for water, protein, fat content, perimisium thickness, cohesiveness, springiness of the pectoral major muscle, and for water content and protein of the leg muscles. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the effects of genotype and sex on the nutritional value and some technological parameters of duck meat. The studied ducks after two reproductive seasons satisfactorily meet the requirements of duck meat for consumers and duck meat processing plants.

DENTISTS' MOBILE PHONES AS A MEANS OF SPREADING CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the study was to determine the level of bacterial contamination of mobile phones and watches of dentists. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the University Dental Clinic and Microbiology Laboratory at the Department of Genetics, Plant Physiology and Microbiology of Uzhhorod National University. Swabs from the investigated surfaces of 30 mobile phones and 30 watches were collected using disposable sterile cotton swabs moistened with sterile saline. The clinical isolates were isolated with the use of differentially diagnostic nutrient media. RESULTS: Results: Studies have shown that cell phones are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms to a much greater extent than watches. 1518 CFU were isolated from mobile phones, while 375 CFU from watches. The dominant representatives of the microflora of the studied objects were gram positive bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. Comparative characteristics of the species composition of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus isolated from mobile phones and watches showed that the dominant species isolated was S.epidemidis. Therefore, studies have shown a high degree of contamination of mobile phones with coagulase-positive bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, which in most showed hemolytic properties. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The patterns identified indicate that mobile phones can play a role in the spread of opportunistic infection.

Prevalence of main dental diseases in children who live in conditions of biogeochemical fluorine and iodine deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Dental status is one of the main indicators of overall health. We examined it in children aged 6-15 years who live in conditions of biogeochemical fluorine and iodine deficiency (Transcarpathian region, Ukraine), to improve the quality of dental care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study To assess the state of teeth, we used indicators recommended by the WHO Expert Committee. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries, periodontal status, oral hygiene status and dentoalveolar anomalies were determined using a questionnaire and descriptive analyses was done (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The total prevalence of caries in deciduous teeth in children was 57.86% ± 1.56%, with intensity of 2.61 ± 0.6. The total prevalence of caries in permanent teeth was 71.45% ± 1.31%, with intensity of 2.36 ± 0.52. Analysis of the results showed a high prevalence of periodontal disease, which increases with age. The level of oral hygiene was evaluated as unsatisfactory. Studying the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies showed the lowest prevalence (40.05% ± 2.56%) at the age of 6 years and the maximum value at 12 years (77.20% ± 2.75%). In addition, we found poor hygienic knowledge of the parents, lack of medical activity of parents to preserve dental health of the child, lack of dentists' work on hygiene education, and public health education for prevention of dental diseases. On the other hand, a high level of confidence was revealed in the information received from dentists. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of leading dental diseases requires modernization of the existing prevention programs for children.