Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Northwick park neck pain questionnaire to Urdu language.

BACKGROUND: Despite its widespread use for assessing pain and disability in patients suffering from neck pain, the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) has yet to be translated and validated in Urdu. The purpose of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the NPQ into Urdu language (NPQ-U), and to investigate the NPQ-U's psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP). METHODS: The NPQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines. The study included 150 NSNP patients and 50 healthy participants. The NPQ-U, Urdu version of neck disability index (NDI-U), neck pain and disability scale (NPDS), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were completed by all participants on first visit. After three weeks of physical therapy, the patients completed all of the questionnaires listed above, along with the global rating of change scale. Test-retest reliability was determined on 46 randomly selected patients who completed the NPQ-U again two days after the first response. The NPQ-U was evaluated for internal consistency, content validity, construct (convergent and discriminative) validity, factor analysis, and responsiveness. RESULTS: The NPQ-U demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.96) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). There were no floor or ceiling effects for the NPQ-U total score, indicating good content validity. A single factor was extracted, which explained 54.56% of the total variance. For convergent validity, the NPQ-U showed a strong correlation with NDI-U (r = 0.89, P < 0.001), NPDS (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), and NPRS (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). The results revealed a significant difference between patients and healthy controls in the NPQ-U total scores (P < 0.001) demonstrating significant discriminative validity. A significant difference in the NPQ-U change scores between the stable and the improved groups (P < 0.001) confirmed its responsiveness. Furthermore, the NPQ-U change score showed a moderate correlation with NPDS change score (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) and NPRS change score (r = 0.68, P < 0.001), but a strong correlation with NDI-U change score (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The NPQ-U is a reliable, valid, and responsive tool for assessing neck pain and disability in Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP.

Translation and validation of the Urdu version of the neck pain and disability scale.

PURPOSE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) into Urdu language (NPDS-U), and to investigate the NPDS-U's psychometric properties in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP). METHODS: The NPDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Urdu in accordance with the previously described guidelines. The study included 200 NSNP patients and 50 healthy participants. The NPDS-U, Urdu version of neck disability index (NDI-U), neck Bournemouth questionnaire (NBQ), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were completed by all participants. After three weeks of physiotherapy, the patients completed all of the above-mentioned questionnaires, along with the global rating of change scale. Reliability, factor analysis, validity, and responsiveness were all tested. RESULTS: The NPDS-U demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1=0.92) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). There were no floor or ceiling effects. A three-factor structure was extracted, which explained 70.42% of the total variance. The NPDS-U showed moderate to strong correlations with NPRS, NDI-U, and NBQ (r = 0.67-0.76, p < 0.001). A significant difference in the NPDS-U change scores between the stable and the improved groups (p < 0.001) confirmed its responsiveness. CONCLUSION: The NPDS-U is a reliable, valid, and responsive scale for assessing neck pain and disability in Urdu-speaking patients with NSNP.

The Urdu version of Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS-U) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing neck pain and disability in Urdu-speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP).The NPDS-U can be used to distinguish between people who have neck pain and disability and those who do not.NPDS-U exhibited a 3-factor structure.The NPDS-U is a responsive instrument that can be used to assess treatment efficacy in NSNP patients.The NPDS-U is a simple and easy to use in clinical and research settings.