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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a comprehensive measure that evaluates an individual's well-being across physical, mental, and social dimensions. Enhancing HRQoL, particularly in individuals with chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), necessitates a holistic approach. Mindfulness, a scientifically supported strategy for managing anxiety, has shown promise in improving both physical and mental health. Its benefits may be partly explained through its effects on the gut-brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional communication link between the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system. By exploring the interplay between mindfulness and the GBA, this study aims to uncover how these elements collectively influence HRQoL in both healthy individuals and those with IBD, offering insights into potential therapeutic pathways. A cross-sectional investigation involved 338 adults, including 50 IBD patients, utilizing validated Greek scales for Mindfulness (MAAS-15), Mediterranean Diet (14-MEDAS), and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L). The questionnaire gathered demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle data. Among healthy participants, EQ-5D-5L showed a moderate correlation with the MAAS-15 scale (r = 0.389, p < 0.05) and a low correlation with 14-MEDAS (r = 0.131, p < 0.05). IBD patients exhibited significantly lower mean EQ-5D-5L scores than healthy individuals (0.75 vs. 0.85, p < 0.05). MAAS-15 demonstrated a robust correlation (r = 0.414, p < 0.001) with EQ-5D-5L in IBD patients. Elevated mindfulness levels emerged as predictive factors for higher HRQoL in IBD patients (OR: 1.101, 95% CI: 1.008, 1.202, p < 0.05, compared to low mindfulness). In summary, factors influencing the GBA, including mindfulness and the Mediterranean diet, exhibit positive associations with HRQoL. Increased mindfulness levels predict better HRQoL in IBD patients, emphasizing the potential for clinical trials to validate these cross-sectional study findings.
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Greek yogurt is a fermented dairy product of high nutritional value that can be used as a matrix for the delivery of probiotics. The aim of this study was to develop a new probiotic Greek sheep yogurt with upgraded quality and functional characteristics. To do this, yogurt was manufactured by fermenting pasteurized milk with the commercial starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)) together with a probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR) wild-type strain (probiotic yogurt; PY). As a control, yogurt manufactured with only the starter culture (ST, LB) was used (conventional yogurt; CY) The survival of all three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species (ST, LB, and LR) was monitored throughout the products' shelf life (storage at 4 °C for 25 days), and also following exposure to a static in vitro digestion model (SIVDM). The population dynamics of total aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and molds grown in both yogurts were also determined. The total antioxidant activity (AA) of yogurts was comparatively determined using in parallel two different assays, whereas the Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used to determine their total phenolic content (TPC). At each sampling day, yogurts were also evaluated for their pH, titratable acidity (TA) and main sensory characteristics. The population of probiotic LR remained stable during the shelf life (and above 108 CFU/g). Yogurt starters (ST, LB) were not detected following SIVDM, whereas LR (in PY) presented a reduction of about only one log. The AA and TPC of PY were found significantly higher than that of CY (P < 0.05). At the end of storage (25th day), neither pH nor TA differed significantly between the two yogurt types, while no fungal growth was observed in the PY. Consumer sensory analysis did not reveal important differences between the two yogurt types during their shelf life. To sum up, the novel yogurt was able to deliver to consumers a high number of probiotic cells (>108 CFU/g), presented increased antioxidant power, had an expanded shelf life, and maintained its good sensory attributes.
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The present study is a cross-sectional study that aimed to investigate the potential associations between depression status, health-related quality of life, physical activity levels and sleep quality in a representative Greek elderly population. Three thousand four hundred five (3405) men and women over 65 years old from 14 different Greek regions were enrolled. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depression status, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was evaluated using Short Form Health Survey, physical activity levels were assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A high prevalence of depression and an increased incidence of poor quality of life, low physical activity levels and inadequate sleep quality among the elderly population were recorded. Depression status was independently associated with worse quality of life, poor physical activity, inadequate sleep quality, female gender, BMI and living alone after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Elderly age, low muscle mass, educational and financial status were also identified as indicators of depression; however, their impact on depression status was considerably attenuated after adjusting for confounding factors. In conclusion, depression was associated with worse health-related quality of life, poor physical activity and inadequate sleep quality in a Greek elderly population. Future randomized control trials should be performed to confirm the findings of this cross-sectional study.
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Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Privação do Sono , Qualidade do Sono , Depressão/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Grécia/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etiologia , Exercício Físico , Sono/fisiologiaRESUMO
Several Mediterranean traditional cheeses may present a beneficial effect on postprandial metabolic and inflammatory modulation due to the presence of bioactive components. The objective of the present preliminary nutritional intervention was the investigation of the postprandial metabolic responses after the intake of traditional Authentic Mytilinis cheese in olive oil with herbs, compared to the corresponding responses after consumption of Italian Parmesan cheese, in healthy participants. A pilot crossover, randomized, single-blinded, intervention clinical trial was conducted in 10 healthy men and women subjects, aged 18-30 years, after random allocation into the control and the intervention groups. The participants received a high-fat carbohydrate meal containing either Authentic Mytilinis cheese (the authentic nonrefrigerated recipe) or Italian Parmesan PDO cheese. After a washout week, the participants consumed the same meals conversely. Differences in the postprandial responses of glucose, triglycerides, uric acid and serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as of the plasma total antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP method, were determined between groups for fasting, 30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h after meal intake. The results suggested that meals did not significantly affect postprandial metabolic and inflammatory responses. However, Authentic L Mytilinis cheese resulted in a lower increase of LDL cholesterol (p > 0.05) and induced a significant decrease of serum triglycerides (p < 0.05) in the last 1.5 h after a meal, compared to Italian Parmesan cheese. Further investigation with large prospective studies is necessary to validate the current findings.
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In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the fortification of dairy products with antioxidants and phenolics derived from plant byproducts and herbs. The present study focused on the analysis of dairy products, including kefir, cream cheese, yogurt, and vegan yogurt, enhanced with aqueous extracts of plant byproducts (Citrus aurantium peel, Citrus limon peel and Rosa canina seed) and herbs (Sideritis spp., Hypericum perforatum, Origanum dictamnus, Mentha pulegium L., Melissa oficinallis, Mentha spicata L. and Lavandula angustifolia) to characterize their antioxidant content, phenolic profile, and organoleptic characteristics. Antioxidant and phenolic content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and presented values up to 46.61 ± 7.22 mmol Fe2+/L and 82.97 ± 4.29 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g, respectively for the aqueous extracts, as well as up to 0.68 ± 0.06 mmol Fe2+/L and 2.82 ± 0.36 mg GAE/g for the fortified dairy products. The bioavailability of antioxidants and phenolics in fortified foods was determined after in vitro digestion and ranged between 4 and 68%. The phytochemical profile of the aqueous extracts was determined by mass spectrometry, and 162 phytochemicals were determined, from which 128 belong to the polyphenol family including flavonoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, most of the identified compounds have been recorded to possess enhanced antioxidant capacity in correlation to the in vitro findings. Finally, organoleptic evaluation showed an overall acceptability around 3.0 ± 1.0 on a 5-point scale. In conclusion, the studied plants and herbal extracts can be used for the fortification of a variety of dairy products with potential positive effects on human health.
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Several Mediterranean functional foods and their process by-products may exert a beneficial role on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress modulation, providing bioactive compounds with functional properties, contributing to possible chronic disease prevention (cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc.). The purpose of the present interventional study was to investigate the postprandial responses of metabolic biomarkers, after the intake of an innovative mayonnaise-based appetizer, enhanced with olive paste, in healthy volunteers. In this cross-over design, randomized and single-blind, interventional−clinical trial, 10 healthy volunteers, aged 20−30 years old, after splitting into the control group and the Mediterranean group, consumed a pasta meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (150 g), containing a mayonnaise-based appetizer or the same appetizer, enhanced with 9% olive paste. After a 1-week washout period, the subjects consumed the meals in reverse. Differences between groups on postprandial responses of total plasma antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP method, serum total cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid levels, were determined before, 30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h after consumption. The results showed that, in comparison to the control group, consumption of the enhanced appetizer resulted in a significantly decreased total serum cholesterol and glucose levels, and also led to a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant activity, 3 h after consumption (p < 0.05). Further investigation with large prospective studies is needed to validate the current results.
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Several fruit by-products may exert a beneficial role on oxidative stress and inflammation modulation, providing essential bioactive components, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Recently, the potential bioactivity of miso has been reported. The aim of this dietary intervention−clinical study was to evaluate the acute effect of a novel, functional miso-type sauce based on legumes, on postprandial biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this randomized, cross-over design, intervention−clinical trial, 14 healthy volunteers, aged 20−30 years old, consumed a rice meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (258 g), containing a legume-based sauce. After a 1-week washout period, the same subjects consumed the same meal, containing the novel fermented miso-type sauce, enhanced with 50% carotenoid-rich, fruit peel extract. Differences in postprandial total plasma antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP method, serum lipids, glucose, uric acid levels, and antithrombotic activity in platelet-rich plasma were evaluated before, 30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h after consumption. The results showed that, in comparison to the control group, consumption of the novel sauce resulted in a significantly increased total plasma antioxidant capacity 3 h after consumption (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed a significant attenuation of triglycerides concentration increase in the last 1.5 h in the functional group (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in serum aggregation was found at 30 min and 3 h after functional sauce intake in comparison with the baseline (p < 0.05). Finally, LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced 3 h after the functional meal consumption, in comparison with baseline values (p < 0.05). The remaining biomarkers did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Further investigation is needed in order to validate the current results.
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Frutas , Alimentos de Soja , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Carotenoides , Frutas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Postprandial lipemia, glycemia and oxidative stress may affect the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present intervention study was to investigate the effect of a spread cheese enriched with mountain tea (Sideritis sp.) and orange peel (Citrus sinensis) extract on postprandial metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers. In a cross-over design, 14 healthy subjects 20-30 years old were consumed either a meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (80 g white bread, 40 g butter and 30 g full fat spread cheese) or a meal with the spread cheese enriched with 6% mountain tea-orange peel extract. Differences in postprandial total plasma antioxidant capacity, resistance of plasma to oxidation, serum lipids, glucose and uric acid levels were evaluated at 0, 1.5 and 3 h after consumption. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased 3 h after the consumption of the meal in the presence of the extract-enriched cheese, compared to the conventional cheese (p = 0.05). Plasma resistance to oxidation was increased at 30 min in the Functional meal compared with the Control meal. A tendency to decrease the postprandial rise in glucose and triglyceride levels, 1.5 h and 3 h, respectively, after the intake of the meal with the extract-enriched cheese was observed (p = 0.062). No significant changes in the concentrations of the remaining biomarkers studied were observed (p > 0.05). Further studies with a larger sample are needed in both healthy adults and patients with cardiovascular disease to draw safer conclusions about the postprandial effect of the extracts on metabolic biomarkers that predict cardiovascular risk.
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Antioxidantes/química , Glicemia/análise , Queijo , Lipídeos/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Citrus sinensis , Estudos Cross-Over , Carboidratos da Dieta , Gorduras na Dieta , Feminino , Alimento Funcional , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Fenol , Período Pós-Prandial , Projetos de Pesquisa , Chá , Triglicerídeos/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: Childhood dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Our study aimed to investigate a possible correlation between nutritional, lifestyle, behavioral and socioeconomic factors and serum lipid levels in children with dyslipidemia. Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, in 31 children with dyslipidemia, aged 3-14 years, dietary habits, physical activity, hours watching television or playing video games, family's socioeconomic status, weight of children and parents, and duration of breastfeeding were recorded. The children's adherence to the Mediterranean diet was also evaluated by KidMed index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.22. Results: Children with increased physical activity had lower triglyceride levels, compared to those with lower physical activity (p = 0.001). Children who consumed only one meal per day, had increased levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.01), ApoB (p = 0.001) and lipoprotein (a) (p=0.018), compared to those who consumed more than 3 meals per day (p < 0.05). Children who were breastfed less than 6 months had significantly increased LDL-C levels (p = 0.022), compared to children who were breastfed more than 6 months. All other parameters investigated did not differ significantly. Conclusions: This study showed association between lipid profile of children with dyslipidemia and specific nutritional and socioeconomic factors, such as increased physical activity, increased meals consumption during the day, and exclusive breastfeeding for more than 6 months. Nevertheless, further research is needed, in order to confirm these findings.
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Aleitamento Materno , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil/fisiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Dislipidemias/sangue , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Características da Família , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Estilo de Vida , Lipídeos/sangue , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Grécia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Background: Weight management and obesity prevention is a basic aim of health organizations in order to decrease the prevalence of various metabolic disorders. The aim of the present review article was the evaluation of the possible role of functional foods and their bioactive compounds as alternative way to promote weight management and prevent obesity and its metabolic consequences. Methods: Approximately 100 articles were selected from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, by using relative key words, and based mainly on recent animal, clinical or epidemiological studies. Results: The literature review highlighted the possible effect of specific functional foods such as coffee, green tea, berries, nuts, olive oil, pomegranate, avocado, and ginger. Specific bioactive compounds of those foods-such as caffeine, catechins, gallic acid, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, oleuropein, capsaicin, and quercetin-may contribute to weight management, obesity prevention, and obesity's metabolic consequences. The possible mechanisms include effect on satiety, lipid absorption, fatty acids beta oxidation, stimulation of thermogenesis, etc. Conclusions: Functional foods, as part of a balanced diet, could be useful in the direction of weight management and decrease of obesity's' metabolic consequences. However, the scientific evidence is unclear and in most cases controversial and more clinical and epidemiological studies are needed in order to further investigate the mechanisms of their possible effect.
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Owning to the increase in the world population as well as the consumer's awareness on the health benefits of consumption of fruits, the demand for both fresh and processed fruits has been increased. The by-product and waste streams generated from fruit processing industries are extremely diverse, owning mainly to different fruits varieties and the wide range of the processes employed towards the production of the end fruit-based products. Due to the increasing production and processing of fruits, disposal of waste and by-product streams has become a serious issue, since these materials are prone to microbial spoilage. Also, the inappropriate waste management practices pose severe environmental issues. Furthermore, the costs of drying and storage of fruit processing residues are economically limiting factors hindering their further exploitation. Therefore, fruit processing by-products such as peels, seeds and unused flesh are often utilized as fertilizers. On the other hand, plant residues contain biomolecules such as vitamins, proteins, minerals, antioxidants and aromatic oil. Recovery of bioactive compounds holds a great potential for their usage in food industry as functional ingredients and nutraceuticals or in pharmaceutical and in cosmetic applications. So, valorization of plant fruit processing by-products to high-value added compounds, constitute a promising alternative not only for addressing fruit residues management issues but also leading to the production of functional food products of high nutritional value, with several potential beneficial health effects. The aim of this paper is to highlight current trends in addressing environmental issues caused by the production of high volumes of specific categories of fruit processing waste streams by investigating their potential usage as natural raw materials for the recovery of valuable bioactive compounds (such as polyphenols, dietary fibers or aromatic oil). The extracted nutrients may be used in the industrial food sector for the production of functional foods, nutraceuticals or even as health promoting natural pharmaceutical ingredients or additives for the production of innovative enriched foods. Highlights: ⢠Fruit processing by product streams are rich in bioactive compounds. ⢠Integration of fruit by-products and waste streams to value added products such as additives, unconventional oil, bioactive compounds and novel functional products is a very interesting approach regarding fruit processing residues exploitation. ⢠Recovering of biomolecules from fruit residues by non-thermal processes could lead to the efficient production of highly purified functional ingredients. ⢠Negative-valued fruit processing residues could be recycled for the production of health promoting value added products.
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Manipulação de Alimentos , Frutas/química , Alimento Funcional , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Resíduos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Polifenóis/análiseRESUMO
Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible correlation between nutritional factors and gastrointestinal diseases. Methods: A caseâ»control study was designed in order to investigate if functional foods consumption and Mediterranean diet adherence have a positive effect in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In total, 142 patients (cases) and 147 gender-matched healthy people (controls) participated in the study. Functional food consumption was screened by using a Food Frequency Questionnaire based on the NHANES study, while Mediterranean diet adoption was evaluated by a 14-item Med Diet Assessment tool based on the PREDIMED study. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS-22. Results: In the previous 2â»3 years, the controls had more frequently consumed some categories (probiotics, prebiotics-enriched, and low-fat foods) and some kinds of functional foods (mountain tea, berries, pomegranate, oats, mastics, turmeric, soybeans, and raisins) compared to the cases (p < 0.05). Healthy people were more adherent to the Mediterranean diet than patients (p < 0.05). A multifactor analysis showed that the augmented score of the Mediterranean diet and the augmented consumption of categories and kinds of functional foods were protective factors in the appearance of gastrointestinal diseases. Conclusions: More studies should be conducted in order to further investigate the possible association between specific food components and gastrointestinal diseases' pathophysiology.
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Dieta , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , GravidezRESUMO
The present retrospective study was conducted on 1482 women in order to evaluate whether their pre-pregnancy adherence to the Mediterranean diet may affect maternal gestational weight gain (GWG). For this purpose, the study population was classified according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations concerning GWG. Pre-pregnancy adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with 11 food patterns groups based on their contribution in the Mediterranean diet pyramid. Women with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet were more frequently characterised by GWG inside the IOM recommendations. In multivariate analysis, women with low Mediterranean diet adherence were almost twice at risk in presenting deflection from recommended GWG regardless of various confounding factors. These findings suggested that high pre-pregnancy adherence to the Mediterranean diet may be associated with reduced risk for GWG outside the IOM recommendations. However, larger prospective studies are strongly recommended in order for more precise conclusions to be drawn.
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Dieta Mediterrânea , Cooperação do Paciente , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Malnutrition is a common finding in cancer patients, which can affect disease progression and survival. This review aims to critically summarize the prognostic role of nutritional status, from Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight loss to nutrition screening tools and biochemical indices, in cancer patients. According to the currently available data, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) was a significant prognostic factor of patients' survival, both in univariate and multivariate analyses. Pre-operative albumin was also correlated with worse outcomes, being an independent prognostic factor of survival in several studies. BMI was also well-studied, with contradictory results. Although, lower BMI was found to be an independent prognostic factor of shorter survival in some studies, in others it did not have an impact on survival. In this aspect, this review highlights the significant prognostic role of nutritional status in the disease progression and survival of cancer patients. Further, good-quality prospective studies are needed in order to draw precise conclusions on the prognostic role of specific nutritional assessment tools, and biochemical indices associated with the nutritional status in more cancer types, such as liver, breast and prostate cancer, and hematological malignancies.
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Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Índice de Massa Corporal , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Redução de PesoRESUMO
The hypothesis that incorporation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into nanoemulsions may increase its bioactivity compared with EGCG aqueous solutions was examined in mice. After an in vitro study in a model system with stimulated gastrointestinal conditions, the following EGCG nanoemulsions were used in a mice experiment: Emulsion I: emulsion water in oil (W/O), which contained 0.23 mg/mL EGCG in aqueous phase; Emulsion II: emulsion oil in water (O/W), which contained 10% olive oil and 0.23 mg/mL esterified EGCG in fatty phase; and Emulsion III: emulsion O/W in water (W1/O/W2; 8:32:60), which contained 32% olive oil and 0.23 mg/mL EGCG in aqueous phase. After 2 h of mice administration by gavage with 0.1 mL of EGCG nanoemulsions, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma and some tissues (especially colon, jejunum, heart, spleen) was measured with Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays. No toxic effects were observed after administration of 0.23 mg/mL esterified EGCG in CD1 mouse strain. The study concluded that administration of mice with the three EGCG nanoemulsions did not increase their TAC in specific tissues, compared with an aqueous EGCG solution at the same concentration. Nevertheless, the esterified EGCG emulsion (Emulsion II) exerted an increase in mice plasma compared with aqueous EGCG and showed higher values of TAC in several tissues, compared with Emulsions I and III. EGCG nanoemulsions could be considered a useful method in plethora functional food applications, but further research is required for safer results.
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Catequina/análogos & derivados , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/química , Catequina/administração & dosagem , Catequina/química , Emulsões/administração & dosagem , Emulsões/química , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nanoestruturas/química , Azeite de Oliva/químicaRESUMO
The objective was to compare 10 types of table olives, 11 types of tomatoes and tomato products and 18 types of legumes from conventional or organic farming for selected nutritional properties. All products were tested for their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay) and total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau method). Tomatoes and legumes were further tested for iron and zinc dialyzability after in vitro digestion. Ascorbic acid content of tomatoes was also measured. The study resulted that the nutritional properties of olives, tomatoes and legumes tested were different among the various cultivars but, in most cases, not between products from organic or conventional farming. Natural black olives, cherry and santorini tomatoes and lentils exhibited superior nutritional properties.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Olea/metabolismo , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Zinco/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Disponibilidade Biológica , Dieta , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Alimentos Orgânicos , Frutas/metabolismo , Humanos , Lens (Planta)/metabolismo , Valor Nutritivo , Agricultura Orgânica , Fenóis/metabolismo , Sementes/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismoRESUMO
The hypothesis that iron and fat in the diet may affect green tea extract (GTE) bioactivity, in particular antioxidant capacity and gene expression, was proposed and tested in mice. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to have for 37 days free access to standard or high-fat diets with or without GTE and ferrous lactate. Mice were euthanized and specific organs were removed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on liver and heart mRNA extracts. The FRAP assay showed that GTE from the standard diet did not affect plasma TAC but increased TAC of heart, aorta, and duodenum. GTE from diets enriched with iron resulted to lower TAC of liver and heart than diets with GTE alone. GTE from the fatty diet did not have any effect on TAC compared with fatty control diet, but increased TAC in heart and aorta compared with standard control diet. An effect on expression of the mapk-1 and NF-kB genes in heart was observed in the presence of GTE. These results suggest that GTE may exhibit bioactivity in some organs affected by dietary fat and iron. The findings of this study contribute to the elucidation of the role of dietary components on tea bioactivity.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Camellia sinensis , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferro/farmacologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aorta/metabolismo , Dieta , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacologia , Interações Alimento-Droga , Ferro/metabolismo , Lactatos/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Chá , Oligoelementos/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Cardiovascular risk factors have been identified in the postprandial state, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Tea consumption has been linked to cardiovascular risk reduction, but the beneficial effect of tea has not been investigated under postprandial conditions. The objective was to examine the effect of green tea on postprandial levels of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) and glucose in patients with CAD. METHODS: In a randomized controlled, parallel design with 2 arms, 43 patients with CAD were assigned to consume breakfast consisting of bread, butter and 330 ml water or tea (4.5 g green tea/330 ml, providing approximately 400 mg catechins). Blood samples were drawn immediately before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after breakfast. TAC was measured in plasma with the ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, glucose, CRP, uric acid and pancreatic lipase levels were measured in serum. RESULTS: Tested biomarkers did not differ between tea and water group at baseline, 1.5, 3 and 5 h (P > 0.05) postprandially. However, TAC increased 1.5 and 3 h after consumption of breakfast with tea (P < 0.005), but no change was observed after consumption of breakfast with water. Serum triglycerides levels significantly increased 3 h after breakfast with water (P = 0.031), but not after breakfast with tea. Serum uric acid decreased 1.5 h after breakfast with tea (P = 0.038). Pancreatic lipase, CRP, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and glucose levels remained unchanged after breakfast with tea at any time point (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption did not affect selected biomarkers at any postprandial time point in patients with CAD.
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Antioxidantes/análise , Glicemia/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Chá , Idoso , Desjejum , Catequina/administração & dosagem , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Grécia , Humanos , Cinética , Lipase/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenóis/análise , Período Pós-Prandial , Método Simples-Cego , Chá/química , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ácido Úrico/sangueRESUMO
Several studies have observed decreased levels of lipophilic antioxidants after supplementation with phytosterols and stanols. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phytosterol supplementation on plasma total antioxidant capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome. In a parallel arm, randomized placebo-controlled design, 108 patients with metabolic syndrome were assigned to consume yogurt beverage which provided 4 g of phytosterols per day or yogurt beverage without phytosterols. The duration of the study was 2 months and the patients in both groups followed their habitual westernized type diet. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 2 months, and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma was measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. After 2 months of intervention, plasma total antioxidant capacity did not differ between and within the intervention and the control groups. Phytosterol supplementation does not affect plasma antioxidant status.