RESUMO
The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene is a gene responsible for autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. Here we show that AIRE is expressed in human peripheral CD4-positive T-cells, and most highly in antigen-and interleukin 2-stimulated T (IL-2T) cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including MAPK kinase (MEK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK, were phosphorylated in IL-2T cells and the expression of the AIRE gene was inhibited by a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), thereby indicating that AIRE gene expression is controlled by the MAPK pathway in IL-2T cells. These data suggested the possible significance of the AIRE gene in the peripheral immune system.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Genes Reguladores , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/fisiologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteína AIRERESUMO
With islet transplantation having grown in popularity since the introduction of the Edmonton protocol, how to secure an unlimited source of islets has become an urgent problem. To resolve this problem, techniques to induce or proliferate islets are urgently required. To achieve this goal, gene expression analysis using a cDNA microarray in islets of partially pancreatectomized mice, in which the remaining islets regenerate and proliferate with insulin secretion and glucose responsiveness, provides us with valuable information. However, those experiments have two critical problems: first, how to selectively collect the regenerating or proliferating islets, and second, the shortage of total RNA extracted from one islet for a microarray analysis. A useful system was thus designed which combined laser microdissection, cDNA amplification by SMART PCR, which can maintain the relative expression profile of transcripts throughout reactions, and a cDNA microarray. Furthermore, this system is expected to contribute to future studies regarding not only islet regeneration but also the function of the islet itself, and this system may also be applicable to many other types of endocrine tissue. In this review, the details of this system are presented and discussed.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/fisiologia , Microdissecção , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Regeneração/genética , Engenharia Tecidual , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Lasers , Camundongos , PancreatectomiaRESUMO
Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene is a responsible gene for the rare autosomal recessive autoimmune disease: autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). Although it has been reported that AIRE is expressed in the thymic epithelial cells and monocyte-dendritic cell lineage, the regulatory mechanisms of AIRE gene expression have as yet been poorly understood. Here we show that the expression of AIRE gene was induced in granulo-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-stimulated myelomonocytic leukemia OTC-4 cells. In GM-CSF-stimulated OTC-4 cells, stat5 was not phosphorylated, while mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including MAPK kinase (MEK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK, were phosphorylated, indicating activation of MAPK pathway. In addition, the expression of AIRE gene was inhibited by specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), whereas the expression was rather enhanced by the MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), suggesting that AIRE gene expression is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/farmacologia , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Células Cultivadas , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/fisiologia , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteína AIRERESUMO
We report a lethal phenotype of mouse embryo with a disruption in the gene encoding p116, a subunit of the translation initiation factor, eIF3. The amino acid sequence of mouse p116, as deduced from the cDNA, shows high homology (97%) with human p116, and contains the conserved RNA binding sites, RNP1 and RNP2. The p116 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in various organs, suggesting a house-keeping function of the p116 protein. To obtain genetic evidence for the essential role of the p116 protein in mouse cells, we constructed mice with a disruption in the p116 gene. Heterozygous p116(+/-) mice were intercrossed, and the genotypes of the offspring were determined. The results indicated no p116(-/-) pups among 84 neonates. Also, there were no p116(-/-) embryos 13.5 days postcoitum (d.p.c.). Among 77 embryos, there was only one p116(-/-) embryo at the blastocyst stage (3.5 d.p.c.). These results indicate that p116 plays an essential role in the early stages of mouse development.