[A case of pleuropulmonary dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens. Case report].

The differential diagnosis of neoplasms of various localizations is the primary task in clinical practice of all physicians. We present a description of the case of invasion with Dirofilaria repens in the lung of a 68-year-old patient. In 2016 the patient was diagnosed with cancer of the left kidney and underwent a left-sided nephrectomy. During the dynamic observation in 2019, a lump was found in the left lung, which was regarded as a metastasis. An atypical SIX resection of the left lung was performed. Microscopy of the removed lump revealed the presence of a nematode of the genus Dirofilaria, presumably D. repens. The species identity of D. repens was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using species-specific primers. It is known that the morphological identification of parasites up to the species in the surgical material presents certain difficulties and requires high professional training of the researcher. Therefore, the diagnosis of dirofilariasis in atypical localizations of nematodes in the human body is of great importance in the differentiation of malignant and benign formations, and the use of the polymerase chain reaction method can significantly increase the accuracy in establishing the final diagnosis.

[ZIKA FEVER: CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS].

The authors overview data on the prevalence of Zika fever with reference to biological properties of the causative agent, epidemiological process, pathogenesis, and clinical symptoms of the disease. Special attention is given to the identification of the virus in pregnant women, microcephaly in the babies born by Zika-infected women, algorithm of laboratory diagnostics, and measures needed to prevent and control mosquitoes that spread viruses.

[Ultrasonography as an effective diagnostic method for human subcutaneous dirofilariasis].

The diagnosis of human dirofilariasis is difficult because of the absence of laboratory tests. Up-to-date ultrasound devices have a high resolution that can visualize this subcutaneous helminth. Ultrasonography can improve the timely diagnosis of this helminthism, as demonstrated by the given clinical example.

[Zika virus infection: clinical and diagnostic aspects and organization of preventive measures].

The article presents modem data about Zika virus outbreak, the biological characteristics of the pathogen, vectors, the nature of the epidemic process, pathogenesis and diagnosis of infection. This infection has a high potential for epidemic spread because vectors are widely represented in the fauna of many climatic and geographic zones. It presents information on the main clinical manifestations of the disease. Particular attention is paid to the problem of congenital maiformations of the nervous system (microcephaly and others) detected in infants born to women infected with Zika virus. The basis of therapy in this disease constitute a pathogenic agent. The'package of, measures for the prevention of disease caused by Zika virus, including early identification and treatment of patients, as well as measures for the destruction of the virus vectors.

[MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STRIATED MUSCLES AFTER ALBENDAZOLE TREATMENT FOR EXPERIMENTAL TRICHINOSIS].

Trichinosis was experimentally induced in rats. The morphology of encystation of Trichinella larvae was studied in the striated muscles. The efficacy of albendazole was evaluated in different intensity of Trichinella larvae infestation in the striated muscles of the laboratory animals. Encystation was shown to cease at 21 days. Albendazole showed high activity against intestinal and encapsulated larvae of Trichinella, leading to 100% death of T. spiralis. Capsules and Trichinella larvae were described to be destructed after treatment with albendazole 15 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days.

[A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL TRICHINOSIS].

The authors propose a mathematical model that makes it possible to estimate the severity of experimental trichinosis from the peripheral blood values of a laboratory animal (white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocyates).

[Investigation of the genetic profile of Blastocystis species in Saint Petersburg residents with gastrointestinal tract diseases in different age groups].

A total of 1500 people, including 1273 children with various gastrointestinal tract diseases and 327 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, were examined. Microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine Blastocystis in the feces. Blastocysts were detected in 33% of the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C and in 4.9% of the children. Genotyping established that Blastocystis species subtype 3 (antroponous) was encountered relatively rarely (25%) in these patients; there were most common Blastocystis species subtypes 5 (36.1%) and 6 (36.1%). Significant intestinal dyspepsia was noted in all the patients with chronic hepatitis C and Blastocystis invasion. Blastocystis species subtype 3 was prevalent (62.3%) among the examined children. The other subtypes were less frequently detected. These were subtype 1 (29.5%), subtype 2 (24.3%), subtype 4 (1.3%), and subtype 7 (3.8%) whereas subtype 5 and subtype 6 were not found in any case. The comparison of clinical symptoms in children could reveal the following tendency: there were digestive disorders and skin allergic reactions with Blastocystis species subtype 1 and subtype 2, respectively.

[Endogenous intoxication syndrome in children with mixed enteric parasitoses].

The degree of endogenous intoxication and the activation of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) were studied in patients with enteric parasitoses. The findings suggest that the expression of medium-molecular-weight peptides in relation with the values of LPO is of importance in the pathogenesis of parasitoses.

[Natural and synanthropic foci of Echinococcus alveolaris infection (alveococcosis) in the northern areas of Kyrgyzstan].

The Republic of Kyrgyzstan, its northern area in particular, is referred to as one of the Echinococcus alveolaris infection endemic areas where the highest morbidity is registered. The synanthropic foci of Echinococcus alveolaris infection were first found in the At-Bashin District, Naryn Region. Twenty-three tracts in the Kara-Kuzhur ravine and 9 settlements in the Kochkor valley directly adjacent to the ravine were surveyed. Fifteen settlements and 4 tracts in the At-Bashin District, Narynsk Region, were also studied. The zoological studies revealed the natural foci of alveococcosis in the mid-mountainous areas of the Kara-Kuzhur ravine and the Kochkor valley just adjoining to the ravine. Hepatic alveococcal cysts were detected in the house mice caught in the settlements of the At-Bashin District, Naryn Region, which may suggest that in the areas of these settlements there may be synanthropic alveococcus areas where sheep flock and house (watch) dogs may be a final host. The retrospective analysis of morbidity indicated that among echinococcosis patients the proportion of those with alveococcosis increased from year to year (from 0.6% in 2002 to 15.6 within the first 6 months of 2006). A total of 1373 patients (females (57.2%) and males (42.8%)) were operated on at Bishkek surgical hospitals in the period of 2002 to the first half of 2006. Surgical treatment involved a palliative operation in most (55.2%) cases.

[The difficulties of clinical diagnosis of mixed-infection of tick-born encephalitis and Lyme disease]. / Trudnosti klinicheskoi diagnostiki mikstinfektsii kleshchevogo entsefalita i bolezni Laima.

The authors report 49 cases of mixed infection (Lyme disease + tick-born encephalitis). All the patients were citizens of the Russian North-West. Clinically, there were symptoms of Lyme disease (erythema) and tick-born encephalitis (serous meningitis, neuritides of the cranial and peripheral nerves). In patients with mixed infection in the presence of erythema symptoms of tick-born encephalitis were less evident. The diagnosis of Lyme disease erythema-free form in combination with tick-born encephalitis may be made only by dynamic serological tests for both of these infections.

[The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of natural-focus diseases in the Rukha garrison]. / Kliniko-épidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika prirodno-ochagovykh zabolevanii v garnizone Rukha.

The article gives the results of clinico-epidemiological studies of fever morbidity with unidentified etiology. The living quarter conditions of personnel in the Rukha locality contributed to the proliferation of mosquito fevers and mite-borne bilious typhoid among servicemen.

[Antibody formation dynamics in a patient with Central Asian tick-borne borreliosis]. / Dinamika antiteloobrazovaniia u bol'nogo sredneaziaticheskim kleshchevym borreliozom.

Antibody titres were examined in patients suffering from Central Asian tick-borne borreliosis by means of indirect immunofluorescence. In acute period of the disease and in early convalescence period a rapid increase of antibody titres was observed; they were still increasing even after clinical recovery. The maximum titres (1:320) were marked in 1.5 months after the onset of the disease. Decrease of antibody titres began in 2-3 months after the peak of the disease. Antibodies in relatively low titres are detectable at least up to the 11th month of convalescence.