RESUMO
The relationships between six bacterial symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Heterorhabditis megidis from Poland to species and subspecies of the genus Photorhabdus were evaluated. This study was based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data of five genes: 16S rRNA, gyrB, recA, gltX, and dnaN. The bacteria were also characterized phenotypically by biochemical and physiological tests. Our results have revealed that the Photorhabdus strains isolated from H. megidis belong to P. temperata, subsp. temperata and subsp. cinerea. Isolates from H. bacteriophora represent P. luminescens subs. kayaii and P. temperata subs. cinerea. This study for the first time provides evidence for H. bacteriophora and P. temperata subsp. cinerea symbiotic association. In addition, we tested whether the microsymbionts of the Polish H. bacteriophora and H. megidis isolates support the development of non-native nematode host population and colonization of their infective juveniles. It has been shown that the studied Photorhabdus strains can readily swap their nematode host, both at intra- and interspecies level. It supports the hypothesis of different symbiotic associations in the Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus lineage.
Assuntos
Photorhabdus , Rhabditoidea/microbiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , DNA Girase/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/genética , Genes Essenciais/genética , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Fenótipo , Photorhabdus/classificação , Photorhabdus/genética , Photorhabdus/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Polônia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Recombinases Rec A/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SimbioseRESUMO
Steinernema silvaticum is a common entomopathogenic nematode in soil of Europe; however, little is known about the bacteria living in symbiosis with this animal. In this study, we have isolated four bacterial strains from S. silvaticum and identified them as members of the species Xenorhabdus bovienii. This study was based on 16S rRNA and concatenated recA, dnaN, gltX, and gyrB gene sequence analysis. In addition, phenotypic traits have been considered, indicating that the tested strains are the most similar to those of X. bovienii. The phylogenetic relationships between the isolated strains and other strains of X. bovienii derived from various nematode hosts were analyzed and discussed. This is the first report confirming the symbiotic association of X. bovienii with S. silvaticum.
Assuntos
Rabditídios/metabolismo , Rabditídios/microbiologia , Solo/parasitologia , Simbiose/fisiologia , Xenorhabdus/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , DNA Girase/genética , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/genética , Europa (Continente) , Fenótipo , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Recombinases Rec A/genética , Xenorhabdus/genéticaRESUMO
"Akuszerka" was published in Russian in the period from 1890 to 1913, first in Briansk, and later in Odessa. It was established, published and edited by Polish physician, dr. Piotr Ambrozewicz. The aim of the journal was to enable midwives and hospital attendants to develop and upgrade their knowledge on a constant basis. The journal was accessible also on the Polish territory under Russian and Austrian rule. The article includes the description of the main features of the historical period, notional interpretation and statistical data on the contents of the journal, broken by character and topics of the articles.