[Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches based on the registry data of Tomsk hospitals].

The aim of this work was to study dynamics of new cases of hospital thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches (TEPA) based on the registry data of Tomsk hospitals for 2003-2010 and to estimate applicability of recommendations of European Society of Cardiologists (2008) on diagnostics and treatment of TEPA. Case records and autopsy protocols were available for analysis. The data were treated using Statistica for Windows 6.0 package. 5.04% of the deceased patients had TEPA according to autopsy data. The discrepancy between clinical and pathoanatomical findings averaged 57.6%. In 2010, TEPA was not diagnosed in 35.6% patients. The number of new cases of submassive TEPA and TEPA of small branches with the fatal outcome decreased to 40.7 and 48% since 2007 while the incidence of lethal massive thromboembolism amounted to 68%. Its increase was especially notable among men after 2008. In 2003, 73.3% of the patients who died from TEPA were women while it was the cause of death in 54.8% of men in 2010. The duration of hospital stay was 0-16 (mean 8/1 +- 7.8) bed-days. Most patients (60.3%) had 3 or more risk factors. The frequency of TRPA relapses correlated with the presence of pericardial fluid (p = 0.039) and acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.023). In 24.2% of the cases. TEPA originated in heart chambers.

The structure of nanocomposite 1D cationic conductor crystal@SWNT.

Nanocomposites consisting of one-dimensional (1D) crystals of the cationic conductors CuI, CuBr and AgBr inside single-walled carbon nanotubes, mainly (n, 0), were obtained using the capillary technique. 1D crystal structure models were proposed based on the high resolution transmission electron microscopy performed on a FEI Titan 80-300 at 80 kV with aberration correction. According to the models and image simulations there are two modifications of 1D crystal: hexagonal close-packed bromine (iodine) anion sublattice (growth direction <001>) and 1D crystal cubic structure (growth direction <112>) compressed transversely to the nanotube (D(m) ∼1.33 nm) axis. Tentatively this kind of 1D crystal can be considered as monoclinic. One modification of the anion sublattice reversibly transforms into the other inside the nanotube, probably initiated by electron beam heating. As demonstrated by micrographs, copper or silver cations can occupy octahedral positions or are statistically distributed across two tetrahedral positions. A 1DAgBr@SWNT (18, 0; 19, 0) pseudoperiodic 'lattice distortion' is revealed resulting from convolution of the nanotube wall function image with 1D cubic crystal function image.

[Diagnosis of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery branches according to autopsy data in Tomsk hospitals in 2003-2007].

AIM: To study the frequency and structure of new cases of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery branches among those who died at Tomsk hospitals in 2003 to 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The autopsy protocols and case histories of all patients (n = 442) with the lifetime and/or postmortem diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) who had died at Tomsk hospitals on January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007 were analyzed. A systemic postmortem study applied the complete organ evacuation method (complete evisceration after Shore). The variance analysis was employed to calculate variability in all values; the correlation analysis was used to estimate statistical correlations. RESULTS: Out of the 442 patients, 217 (50.9%) patients had thromboembolism as being a direct cause of death and it worsened the course of the underlying disease in 225 (49.1%) patients. According to the number of dead patients with PTE, therapeutic (60.6%), surgical (26.6%), and cancer (9.1%) ones ranked first, second, and third, respectively. In addition to the most common inferior vena cava thrombosis (65.1%), right cardiac thrombosis was the main source of PTE in 25.6% of cases. CONCLUSION: The detected specific features of the occurrence of new cases of PTE at Tomsk hospitals in 2003-2007 may become the basis for planning measures by health administrators to improve the diagnosis of PTE and to improve medical and preventive care to patients with this condition in therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions.

The structure of 1D CuI crystals inside SWNTs.

Nanocomposites consisting of one-dimensional CuI crystals inside single-walled carbon nanotubes were obtained using the capillary technique. high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations of the atomic structure of the encapsulated 1D CuI crystals revealed two types of 1D CuI crystals with growth direction <001> and <110> relative to the bulk hexagonal CuI structure. Atomic structure models were proposed based on the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. According to the proposed models and image simulations, the main contrast in the 1D crystal images arises from the iodine atoms whereas copper atoms, with lower atomic number giving lower contrast, are thought to be statistically distributed.

Endofullerenes with metal atoms inside as precursors of nuclei of single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Thermodynamic estimations have been made which show that amorphous carbon cannot be the source of single-walled carbon nanotube growth during carbon/metal vapor condensation. Thus the source of carbon material for nanotube growth seems to be small carbon clusters into gas phase or clusters in the adsorbed state on the nanotube surface. Kinetic analysis of carbon/metal vapor condensation in the arc process was performed and showed that metal vapor becomes supersaturated at temperatures that are close to the temperature of the highest rate of fullerene shell formation. A new model of the nucleation of single-walled carbon nanotubes is proposed. In the model an endometallofullerene serves as the precursor of a nanotube nucleus, and the nucleus itself forms as an adduct arising after metal atoms attach to the endofullerene shell. The relative efficiencies of La/Ni, Gd/Ni, Ce/Ni, and Pr/Ni catalysts, in comparison with Y/Ni catalyst, were measured, and their high efficiency in buckytube formation was demonstrated. This fact was explained by the double action of a metal catalyst in buckytube nucleus formation. First, metal takes part in the formation of endometallofullerenes. Second, the metal atoms attach to the endofullerene shell to transform an endofullerene into a nanotube nucleus. The high performance of bimetallic catalysts lies in adjusting the values of two metal concentrations separately for each of these purposes. In accordance with observations, the proposed model predicts increasing size of endofullerenes with increasing concentration of the metal that controls endofullerene formation.