Effect of NH4Cl supplementation on growth, photosynthesis, triacylglycerol content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under mixotrophic cultivation.

AIM: Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is one of the nitrogen sources for microalgal cultivation. An excessive amounts of NH4Cl are toxic for microalgae. However, combining mixotrophic conditions and excessive quantities of NH4Cl positively affects microalgal biomass and lipid production. In this study, we investigated the impact of NH4Cl on the growth, biomass, and triglyceride (TAG) content of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii especially under mixotrophic condition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Under photoautotrophic conditions (without organic carbon supplementation), adding 25 mM NH4Cl had no significant effect on microalgal growth or TAG content. However, under mixotrophic condition (with acetate supplementation), NH4Cl interfered with microalgal growth while inducing TAG content. To explore these effects further, we conducted a two-step cultivation process and found that NH4Cl reduced microalgal growth, but induced total lipid and TAG content, especially after 4-day cultivation. The photosynthesis performances showed that NH4Cl completely inhibited oxygen evolution on Day 4. However, NH4Cl slightly reduced the Fv/Fm ratio indicating that the NH4Cl supplementation directly affects microalgal photosynthesis. To investigate the TAG induction effect by NH4Cl, we compared the protein expression profiles of microalgae grown mixotrophically with and without 25 mM NH4Cl using a proteomics approach. This analysis identified 1,782 proteins, with putative acetate uptake transporter GFY5 and Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase being overexpressed in the NH4Cl-treated group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that NH4Cl supplementation may stimulate acetate utilization and fatty acid synthesis pathways in microalgae cells. Our study indicated that NH4Cl supplementation can induce microalgal biomass and lipid production, particularly when combined with mixotrophic conditions.

In Vitro Investigation of the Anti-Fibrotic Effects of 1-Phenyl-2-Pentanol, Identified from Moringa oleifera Lam., on Hepatic Stellate Cells.

Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, is driven by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Due to the limited availability of anti-fibrotic drugs, the research on therapeutic agents continues. Here we have investigated Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO), known for its various bioactive properties, for anti-fibrotic effects. This study has focused on 1-phenyl-2-pentanol (1-PHE), a compound derived from MO leaves, and its effects on LX-2 human hepatic stellate cell activation. TGF-ß1-stimulated LX-2 cells were treated with MO extract or 1-PHE, and the changes in liver fibrosis markers were assessed at both gene and protein levels. Proteomic analysis and molecular docking were employed to identify potential protein targets and signaling pathways affected by 1-PHE. Treatment with 1-PHE downregulated fibrosis markers, including collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1), mothers against decapentaplegic homologs 2 and 3 (SMAD2/3), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Proteomic analysis data showed that 1-PHE modulates the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, providing a possible mechanism for its effects. Our results suggest that 1-PHE inhibits the TGF-ß1 and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways and HSC activation, indicating its potential as an anti-liver-fibrosis agent.

Application of Acinetobacter indicus to promote cigarette smoke particulate matter phytoremediation: removal efficiency and plant-microbe interactions.

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most hazardous atmospheric pollutants. Several plant species show high potential to reduce air pollutants and are widely used as green belts to provide clean outdoor spaces for human well-being. However, high PM concentrations cause physiological changes and stress in plants. In this study, 11 species of Thai native perennial plants were exposed to PM generated from tobacco smoke. Wrightia religiosa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Benth. ex Kurz, Bauhinia purpurea DC. ex Walp. and Tectona grandis L.f. reduced PM effectively (which is in the typical range of 43.95 to 52.97%) compared to other plant species. In addition, the responses of perennial plants under PM stress at the proteomic level were also evaluated. Proteomic analysis of these three plant species showed that plants respond negatively to high PM concentrations, such as reducing several photosynthetic-related proteins and increasing plant stress response proteins. To improve PM phytoremediation efficiency and reduce plant stress from PM, perennial plant-microbe interactions were investigated. W. religiosa was inoculated with Acinetobacter indicus PS1, and high biosurfactant-producing strains clearly showed a higher PM removal efficiency than non-inoculated plants (9.48, 9.5 and 12.6% for PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). Inoculating W. religiosa with A. indicus PS1 maintained chlorophyll a and b concentrations. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of W. religiosa inoculated with A. indicus PS1 was lower than that of non-inoculated W. religiosa. The leaf wax content (µg/cm2) and biosurfactant (µg/cm2) of W. religiosa inoculated with A. indicus PS1 were also higher than those of non-inoculated W. religiosa. This study clearly showed that inoculating plants with A. indicus PS1 can help plants remediate PM and improve their PM stress response.

Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Induces Apoptosis in HeLa Cells: A Metabolomics and Proteomics Study.

Medicinal plants produce various bioactive molecules with potential anti-cancer properties with favorable safety profiles. We aimed to investigate the comprehensive composition of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and its cytotoxic effects via apoptosis in HeLa cells. The metabolomics approach using LC-MS/MS was conducted to gather the metabolite profile of the extract. Proteomics was performed to understand the comprehensive mechanistic pathways of action. The apoptosis was visualized by cellular staining and the apoptotic proteins were evaluated. V. amygdalina leaf extract exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on both HeLa and Vero cells after 24 h of exposure in the MTT assay with the IC50 values of 0.767 ± 0.0334 and 4.043 ± 0.469 µg mL-1, respectively, which demonstrated a higher concentration required for Vero cell cytotoxicity. The metabolomic profile of 112 known metabolites specified that the majority of them were alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and steroids. Among these metabolites, deacetylvindoline and licochalcone B were suggested to implicate cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic pathways involved the response to stress and cell death which was similar to doxorubicin. The upstream regulatory proteins, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), were significantly altered, supporting the regulation of apoptosis and cell death. The levels of apoptotic proteins, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p53, and caspase-9 were significantly increased. The novel insights gained from the metabolomic profiling and proteomic pathway analysis of V. amygdalina leaf extract have identified crucial components related to apoptosis induction, highlighting its potential to develop future chemotherapy.

A Novel Bacitracin-like Peptide from Mangrove-Isolated Bacillus paralicheniformis NNS4-3 against MRSA and Its Genomic Insights.

The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical challenge necessitating the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Mangrove microbes are valuable sources of new antimicrobial compounds. This study reports the discovery of a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from Bacillus paralicheniformis NNS4-3, isolated from mangrove sediment, exhibiting significant activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The AMP demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 1 to 16 µg/mL in the tested bacteria and exhibited bactericidal effects at higher concentrations. Structural analysis revealed a bacitracin-like configuration and the peptide acted by disrupting bacterial membranes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The AMP maintained stability under heat, proteolytic enzymes, surfactants, and varying pH treatments. The ten biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites were found in the genome. Detailed sequence comparison of the predicted bacitracin BGC indicated distinct DNA sequences compared to previously reported strains. Although the antibiotic resistance genes were found, this strain was susceptible to antibiotics. Our findings demonstrated the potential of Bacillus paralicheniformis NNS4-3 and its AMP as a promising agent in combating AMR. The genetic information could be pivotal for future applications in the healthcare industry, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of marine microbial diversity in drug discovery.

Protective Effects of an Octapeptide Identified from Riceberry™ (Oryza sativa) Protein Hydrolysate on Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in L929 Cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in oxidative stress and cellular damage, underscoring the importance of identifying potent antioxidants. This research focuses on the antioxidant capabilities of Riceberry™-derived peptides and their protective effects against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in L929 cells. By simulating human digestion, Riceberry™ protein hydrolysate was generated, from which antioxidant peptides were isolated using OFFGEL electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS. Notably, an octapeptide (VPAGVAHW) from the hydrolysate demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, particularly against oxidative stress induced by iodoacetic acid (IAA) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ER stress caused by tunicamycin (TM) in L929 cells. This peptide's effectiveness was evident in its dose-dependent ability to enhance cell viability and mitigate stress effects, although its efficiency varied with the stress inducer. Our study suggests that Riceberry™-derived peptides could serve as a promising natural antioxidant with potential benefits for health promotion and applications in the food industry, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic antioxidants.

Tandem Mass Tag-10plex (TMT-10plex) phosphoproteomics dataset for comprehensive analysis of active compounds with tyrosine kinase inhibition activity.

Bioactive compounds derived from natural products demonstrate a wide range of beneficial properties in cancer treatment. One popular approach to inhibiting cancer cell growth is by stimulating apoptosis. Interestingly, our research has discovered that traditional mushroom and isolated compounds from traditional herbs can induce apoptosis in A549 cells while inhibiting tyrosine kinase activities. We have identified two extracts from traditional mushrooms, Phallus indusiatus and Fomes rimosus (Berk.) Cooke, which exhibit promising abilities to activate apoptotic events in cells. Additionally, isolated compounds such as Chamuangone, Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidiol (CBD), and NP1-cyclic peptide have also demonstrated significant apoptotic activation capabilities. To further our understanding, we analyzed phosphoprotein changes in A549 cells exposed to these extracts and compounds, both with and without epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Our positive controls were two known drugs, Afatinib and Osimertinib, which are tyrosine kinase inhibitors with apoptotic stimulation abilities. In order to enrich our understanding of the kinase pathway, we conducted phosphoprotein enrichment analysis and identified altered phosphoproteins using LC-MS/MS. Across these testing conditions, we found that 1228 phosphoproteins were altered, providing valuable insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying cell apoptosis in A549 cells through post-translational modifications of proteins. Furthermore, our findings not only shed light on the mechanisms of cell apoptosis in A549 cells but also offer promising avenues for future research and therapeutic development.

Investigating the Antifibrotic Effects of ß-Citronellol on a TGF-ß1-Stimulated LX-2 Hepatic Stellate Cell Model.

Liver fibrosis, a consequence of chronic liver damage or inflammation, is characterized by the excessive buildup of extracellular matrix components. This progressive condition significantly raises the risk of severe liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The lack of approved therapeutics underscores the urgent need for novel anti-fibrotic drugs. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), key players in fibrogenesis, are promising targets for drug discovery. This study investigated the anti-fibrotic potential of Citrus hystrix DC. (KL) and its bioactive compound, ß-citronellol (ß-CIT), in a human HSC cell line (LX-2). Cells exposed to TGF-ß1 to induce fibrogenesis were co-treated with crude KL extract and ß-CIT. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR to assess fibrosis-associated genes (ACTA2, COL1A1, TIMP1, SMAD2). The release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was measured by ELISA. Proteomic analysis and molecular docking identified potential signaling proteins and modeled protein-ligand interactions. The results showed that both crude KL extract and ß-CIT suppressed HSC activation genes and MMP-9 levels. The MAPK signaling pathway emerged as a potential target of ß-CIT. This study demonstrates the ability of KL extract and ß-CIT to inhibit HSC activation during TGF-ß1-induced fibrogenesis, suggesting a promising role of ß-CIT in anti-hepatic fibrosis therapies.

A phage nucleus-associated protein from the jumbophage Churi inhibits bacterial growth through protein translation interference.

Antibacterial proteins inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been identified in various phages and explored as antibiotic alternatives. Here, we isolated a phiKZ-like phage, Churi, which encodes 364 open reading frames. We examined 15 early-expressed phage proteins for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth, and found that gp335, closely related to phiKZ-gp14, exhibits antibacterial activity. Similar to phiKZ-gp14, recently shown to form a complex with the P. aeruginosa ribosome, we predict experimentally that gp335 interacts with ribosomal proteins, suggesting its involvement in protein translation. GFP-tagged gp335 clusters around the phage nucleus as early as 15 minutes post-infection and remains associated with it throughout the infection, suggesting its role in protein expression in the cell cytoplasm. CRISPR-Cas13-mediated deletion of gp355 reveals that the mutant phage has a prolonged latent period. Altogether, we demonstrate that gp335 is an antibacterial protein of nucleus-forming phages that associates with the ribosomes at the phage nucleus.

Sansevieria trifasciata's specific metabolite improves tolerance and efficiency for particulate matter and volatile organic compound removal.

Phytoremediation has become famous for removing particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the ability is affected by plant health. Lately, the priming technique was a simple approach to studying improving plant tolerance against abiotic stress by specific metabolites that accumulated, known as "memory", but the mechanism underlying this mechanism and how long this "memory" was retained in the plant was a lack of study. Sansevieria trifasciata was primed for one week for PM and VOC stress to improve plant efficiency on PM and VOC. After that, the plant was recovered for two- or five-weeks, then re-exposed to the same stress with similar PM and VOC concentrations from cigarette smoke. Primed S. trifasciata showed improved removal of PMs entirely within 2 h and VOC within 24 h. The primed plant can maintain a malondialdehyde (MDA) level and retain the "memory" for two weeks. Metabolomics analysis showed that an ornithine-related compound was accumulated as a responsive metabolite under exposure to PM and VOC stress. Exogenous ornithine can maintain plant efficiency and prevent stress by increasing proline and antioxidant enzymes. This study is the first to demonstrate plant "memory" mechanisms under PM and VOC stress.

Exploring the apoptotic effects of sericin on HCT116 cells through comprehensive nanostring transcriptomics and proteomics analysis.

Sericin, a silk protein from Bombyx mori (silkworms), has many applications, including cosmetics, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer. Sericin complexes with nanoparticles have shown promise for breast cancer cell lines. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, stops cancer cell growth. This study found that Sericin urea extract significantly affected HCT116 cell viability (IC50 = 42.00 ± 0.002 µg/mL) and caused apoptosis in over 80% of treated cells. S-FTIR analysis showed significant changes in Sericin-treated cells' macromolecule composition, particularly in the lipid and nucleic acid areas, indicating major cellular modifications. A transcriptomics study found upregulation of the apoptotic signaling genes FASLG, TNFSF10, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, and CASP10. Early apoptotic proteins also showed that BAD, AKT, CASP9, p53, and CASP8 were significantly upregulated. A proteomics study illuminated Sericin-treated cells' altered protein patterns. Our results show that Sericin activated the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via the caspase cascade (CASP8/10 and CASP3/7) and the death receptor pathway, involving TNFSF10 or FASLG, in HCT116 cells. Upregulation of p53 increases CASP8, which activates CASP3 and causes HCT116 cell death. This multi-omics study illuminates the molecular mechanisms of Sericin-induced apoptosis, sheds light on its potential cancer treatment applications, and helps us understand the complex relationship between silk-derived proteins and cellular processes.

Impact of Wooden Breast myopathy on in vitro protein digestibility, metabolomic profile, and cell cytotoxicity of cooked chicken breast meat.

This study investigated the impacts of Wooden Breast (WB) abnormality on in vitro protein digestibility and cytotoxicity of cooked chicken breast meat. Chicken breasts without (non-WB, n = 6) or with severe WB condition (WB, n = 6) were cooked and subjected to static in vitro protein digestion. The results showed no significant differences in free-NH2, degree of hydrolysis and distribution of peptide molecular weight between non-WB and WB samples at late intestinal digestion (P5), suggesting no adverse effects of WB on protein digestibility. Based on peptidomic analysis, P5 fraction of WB showed greater content of peptides with oxidative modification than that of non-WB. Untargeted metabolomics did not find any metabolites with potential toxicity either in non-WB and WB. Hydrolyzed non-WB and WB (1.56-100 µg/mL) did not affect viability of Caco-2 and Vero cells but addition of WB samples reduced Caco-2 cell viability compared with non-WB.

Potential of Arabica Coffee Beans from Northern Thailand: Exploring Antidiabetic Metabolites through Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Metabolomic Profiling across Diverse Postharvest Processing Techniques.

Coffee, a widely consumed beverage worldwide, undergoes postharvest methods that influence its physicochemical characteristics, while roasting modulates its composition, affecting sensory attributes. This study investigates the impact of distinct postharvest methods (washed and natural) on the antidiabetic activities, including α-amylase and DPP4, as well as the phytochemical profiling of geological indicator (GI) coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.). The results indicate notable differences in antidiabetic activity and phytochemical profiles between washed and natural processing methods. Coffee beans processed naturally exhibit significant suppression of DPP4 and α-amylase activities (p-value < 0.01) compared to beans processed using the washed technique. TLC profiling using the ratios of the solvent systems of ethyl acetate/dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone/DCM as separation solvents reveals dominant spots for the washed technique. LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis using principle component analysis (PCA) clearly segregates samples processed by the natural and washed techniques without any overlap region. A total of 1114 phytochemicals, including amino acids and short peptides, are annotated. The natural processing of coffee beans has been shown to yield a slightly higher content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) compared to the washed processing method. Our findings highlight the distinct bioactivities and phytochemical compositions of GI coffee beans processed using different techniques. This information can guide consumers in choosing coffee processing methods that offer potential benefits in terms of alternative treatment for diabetes.

Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antibiofilm activity of new peptides produced by a Brevibacillus strain.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is listed as a highly prioritized pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) to search for effective antimicrobial agents. Previously, we isolated a soil Brevibacillus sp. strain SPR19 from a botanical garden, which showed anti-MRSA activity. However, the active substances were still unknown. Methods: The cell-free supernatant of this bacterium was subjected to salt precipitation, cation exchange, and reversed-phase chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of pure substances was determined by broth microdilution assay. The peptide sequences and secondary structures were characterized by tandem mass spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD), respectively. The most active anti-MRSA peptide underwent a stability study, and its mechanism was determined through scanning electron microscopy, cell permeability assay, time-killing kinetics, and biofilm inhibition and eradication. Hemolysis was used to evaluate the peptide toxicity. Results: The pure substances (BrSPR19-P1 to BrSPR19-P5) were identified as new peptides. Their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus and MRSA isolates ranged from 2.00 to 32.00 and 2.00 to 64.00 µg/mL, respectively. The sequence analysis of anti-MRSA peptides revealed a length ranging from 12 to 16 residues accompanied by an amphipathic structure. The physicochemical properties of peptides were predicted such as pI (4.25 to 10.18), net charge at pH 7.4 (-3 to +4), and hydrophobicity (0.12 to 0.96). The CD spectra revealed that all peptides in the water mainly contained random coil structures. The increased proportion of α-helix structure was observed in P2-P5 when incubated with SDS. P2 (NH2-MFLVVKVLKYVV-COOH) showed the highest antimicrobial activity and high stability under stressed conditions such as temperatures up to 100 °C, solution of pH 3 to 10, and proteolytic enzymes. P2 disrupted the cell membrane and caused bacteriolysis, in which its action was dependent on the incubation time and peptide concentration. Antibiofilm activity of P2 was determined by which the half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation was observed at 2.92 and 4.84 µg/mL for S. aureus TISTR 517 and MRSA isolate 2468, respectively. Biofilm eradication of tested pathogens was found at the P2 concentration of 128 µg/mL. Furthermore, P2 hemolytic activity was less than 10% at concentrations up to 64 µg/mL, which reflected the hemolysis index thresholds of 32. Conclusion: Five novel anti-MRSA peptides were identified from SPR19. P2 was the most active peptide and was demonstrated to cause membrane disruption and cell lysis. The P2 activity was dependent on the peptide concentration and exposure time. This peptide had antibiofilm activity against tested pathogens and was compatible with human erythrocytes, supporting its potential use as an anti-MRSA agent in this post-antibiotic era.

Exploring the Apoptotic-Induced Biochemical Mechanism of Traditional Thai Herb (Kerra™) Extract in HCT116 Cells Using a Label-Free Proteomics Approach.

Background and Objectives: Natural products have proven to be a valuable source for the discovery of new candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of "Kerra™", a natural extract derived from a mixture of nine medicinal plants mentioned in the ancient Thai scripture named the Takxila Scripture, on HCT116 cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of the Kerra™ extract on cancer cells was assessed through cell viability assays. Apoptotic activity was evaluated by examining the apoptosis characteristic features. A proteomics analysis was conducted to identify proteins and pathways associated with the extract's mechanism of action. The expression levels of apoptotic protein markers were measured to validate the extract's efficacy. Results: The Kerra™ extract demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the cells, with higher concentrations leading to decreased cell viability. Treatment with the extract for 72 h induced characteristic features of early and late apoptosis, as well as cell death. An LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 3406 proteins. The pathway analysis revealed that the Kerra™ extract stimulated apoptosis and cell death in colorectal cancer cell lines and suppressed cell proliferation in adenocarcinoma cell lines through the EIF2 signaling pathway. Upstream regulatory proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC), were identified. The expressions of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly elevated by the Kerra™ extract compared to the chemotherapy drug Doxorubicin (Dox). Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence for the ability of the Kerra™ extract to induce apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells. The extract's efficacy was demonstrated by its dose-dependent inhibitory effect, induction of apoptotic activity, and modulation of key proteins involved in cell death and proliferation pathways. This study highlights the potential of Kerra™ as a promising therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.

Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) Mutagenesis Improved the Anti-MRSA Activity of Brevibacillus sp. SPR20.

Brevibacillus sp. SPR20 produced potentially antibacterial substances against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The synthesis of these substances is controlled by their biosynthetic gene clusters. Several mutagenesis methods are used to overcome the restriction of gene regulations when genetic information is absent. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) is a powerful technique to initiate random mutagenesis for microbial strain improvement. This study utilized an argon-based ARTP to conduct the mutations on SPR20. The positive mutants of 40% occurred. The M27 mutant exhibited an increase in anti-MRSA activity when compared to the wild-type strain, with the MIC values of 250-500 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. M27 had genetic stability because it exhibited constant activity throughout fifteen generations. This mutant had similar morphology and antibiotic susceptibility to the wild type. Comparative proteomic analysis identified some specific proteins that were upregulated in M27. These proteins were involved in the metabolism of amino acids, cell structure and movement, and catalytic enzymes. These might result in the enhancement of the anti-MRSA activity of the ARTP-treated SPR20 mutant. This study supports the ARTP technology designed to increase the production of valuable antibacterial agents.

Possibility to Apply Strontium Aluminate to Produce Light-Emitting Plants: Efficiency and Safety.

Light-emitting plants (LEPs) provides light in areas without electricity. The phosphorescent compound was used as a lighting material for LEP development. However, using the phosphorescent compound for LEPs development required optimization and phytotoxicity evaluation. Strontium aluminate (SrAl2 O4 ) is a phosphorescent compound that can glow for a long time and is easily recharged by visible light. In this study, using SrAl2 O4 to develop LEPs was evaluated. Additionally, plant stress under SrAl2 O4 was investigated. Metabolomic analysis can explain the possible mechanism of plants' stress under SrAl2 O4 . After, injecting 3 mL of 5 % (w/v) SrAl2 O4 products 1, 2, and 3 into the stem of Ipomoea aquatica, the result showed that SrAl2 O4 products 2 and 3 caused oxidative stress. The metabolomic analysis also indicated that I. aquatica responded to SrAl2 O4 product 1 by increasing pipecolic acid and salicylic acid, while I. aquatica injected with SrAl2 O4 products 2 and 3 showed a decrease in salicylic acid around 0.005 and 0.061-fold, respectively, compared to control plants. and an excess accumulation of MDA around 10.00-12.00 µmol g-1 FW. A 15 % concentration of SrAl2 O4 can be used for LEPs development, enabling photoemission 18-fold for 50 min. SrAl2 O4 product 1 has the potential to be a material for LEPs.

Schomburginones A‒J, geranylated benzophenones from the leaves of Garcinia schomburgkiana and their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Ten undescribed benzophenones, schomburginones A-J, together with 14 known analogs were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia schomburgkiana, an edible plant native to the Indochina region. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by NMR combined with HRMS spectroscopy, while their absolute configurations were determined using ECD and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The isolated metabolites represent benzophenone derivatives containing a modified monoterpene unit, including tri- and tetracyclic skeletons, which are rarely found in genus Garcinia. The cytotoxic evaluation on three cancerous cell lines demonstrated that schomburginone G, schomburginone H, and 3-geranyl-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone were active against HeLa cells with IC50 values in the range of 12.2-15.7 µM, respectively, and selective compared to the non-cancerous L929 cells (SI > 3.5). In addition, the three cytotoxic compounds together with clusiacyclol A showed significant NO inhibitory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells over 85% inhibition without obvious cytotoxicity at a final concentration of 100 µM. The promising activities of these compounds in cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory assays make them attractive for further study in the development of anticancer drugs.

Proteomics dataset for the analysis of the effects of Grammatophyllum speciosum extracts on RAW 264.7 cells.

Grammatophyllum speciosum is a traditional plant with beneficial functionalities for health. G. speciosum extracts can inhibit collagenase and nitric oxide without cellular toxicity in keratinocytes. The extracts have shown potential for use and formulation as cosmeceutical ingredients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities remain unknown. In this dataset, we used a proteomics approach to clarify the proteins that participate in the response of RAW264.7 macrophage cells to G. speciosum extracts. Cells were divided into two experimental groups, i.e., the control and treatment groups. In turn, the treatment group included two subgroups that were treated with 20 and 100  µg/mL of the extracts, respectively. The experiments were conducted using two biological replicates. The dataset was obtained from label-free proteomics using high-resolution tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) with four technical replicates. The quality control (QC) of the proteomics dataset was carried out using chromatography at the MS1 and MS2 levels, peptide mass deviation, peptide mass cleavage, sequence length, and total peptide intensity. The global proteome profile was analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). These datasets can clarify the potential pathways or proteins involved in the response to the extracts, to support their potential applicability for the development of cosmeceutical ingredients.

Proteomics and Molecular Docking Analyses Reveal the Bio-Chemical and Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Hypolipidemic Activity of Nano-Liposomal Bioactive Peptides in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Obesity is a global health concern. Physical activities and eating nutrient-rich functional foods can prevent obesity. In this study, nano-liposomal encapsulated bioactive peptides (BPs) were developed to reduce cellular lipids. The peptide sequence NH2-PCGVPMLTVAEQAQ-CO2H was chemically synthesized. The limited membrane permeability of the BPs was improved by encapsulating the BPs with a nano-liposomal carrier, which was produced by thin-layer formation. The nano-liposomal BPs had a diameter of ~157 nm and were monodispersed in solution. The encapsulation capacity was 61.2 ± 3.2%. The nano-liposomal BPs had no significant cytotoxicity on the tested cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and adipocytes. The in vitro hypolipidemic activity significantly promoted the breakdown of triglycerides (TGs). Lipid droplet staining was correlated with TG content. Proteomics analysis identified 2418 differentially expressed proteins. The nano-liposomal BPs affected various biochemical pathways beyond lipolysis. The nano-liposomal BP treatment decreased the fatty acid synthase expression by 17.41 ± 1.17%. HDOCK revealed that the BPs inhibited fatty acid synthase (FAS) at the thioesterase domain. The HDOCK score of the BPs was lower than that of orlistat, a known obesity drug, indicating stronger binding. Proteomics and molecular docking analyses confirmed that the nano-liposomal BPs were suitable for use in functional foods to prevent obesity.