Transcriptomic Profiling of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Enables Reliable Annotation of the Cancer-Specific Transcriptome and Molecular Subtype.

Longitudinal monitoring of patients with advanced cancers is crucial to evaluate both disease burden and treatment response. Current liquid biopsy approaches mostly rely on the detection of DNA-based biomarkers. However, plasma RNA analysis can unleash tremendous opportunities for tumor state interrogation and molecular subtyping. Through the application of deep learning algorithms to the deconvolved transcriptomes of RNA within plasma extracellular vesicles (evRNA), we successfully predicted consensus molecular subtypes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Analysis of plasma evRNA also enabled monitoring of changes in transcriptomic subtype under treatment selection pressure and identification of molecular pathways associated with recurrence. This approach also revealed expressed gene fusions and neoepitopes from evRNA. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using transcriptomic-based liquid biopsy platforms for precision oncology approaches, spanning from the longitudinal monitoring of tumor subtype changes to the identification of expressed fusions and neoantigens as cancer-specific therapeutic targets, sans the need for tissue-based sampling. SIGNIFICANCE: The development of an approach to interrogate molecular subtypes, cancer-associated pathways, and differentially expressed genes through RNA sequencing of plasma extracellular vesicles lays the foundation for liquid biopsy-based longitudinal monitoring of patient tumor transcriptomes.

Modulating Th1/Th2 drift in asthma-related immune inflammation by enhancing bone mesenchymal stem cell homing through targeted inhibition of the Notch1/Jagged1 signaling pathway.

Asthma, a disease intricately linked to immune inflammation, is significantly influenced by the immune regulatory effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study aims to investigate changes in the homing of BMSCs in bronchial asthma, focusing on the Notch homolog (Notch)1/Jagged1 signaling pathway's role in regulating T helper 1(Th1)/T helper 2(Th2) drift. Additionally, we further explore the effects and mechanisms of homologous BMSCs implantation in asthma-related immune inflammation. Following intervention with BMSCs, a significant improvement in the pathology of rats with asthma was observed. Simultaneously, a reduction in the expression of inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-4, and IL-13 was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, there was an increase in the expression of Th1 cytokine Interferon-γ（IFN-γ）and the transcription factor T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet), while the expression of Th2 cytokine IL-13 and transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 decreased in lung tissue. This indicates that the Th1/Th2 drift leans towards Th1, which a crucial in ameliorating asthma inflammation. Importantly, inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway led to an increased expression of the Stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR)4 chemokine axis. Consequently, the homing ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to asthma-affected lung tissue was significantly enhanced. BMSCs demonstrated heightened efficacy in regulating the cytokine/chemokine network and Th1/Th2 balance, thereby restoring a stable state during the immune response process in asthma. In conclusion, inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway enhances the expression of the SDF-1 and CXCR4 chemokine axis, facilitating the migration of allogeneic BMSCs to injured lung tissues. This, in turn, promotes immune regulation and improves the Th1/Th2 imbalance, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect on asthmatic airway inflammation.

Discrete element simulation of vibration compaction of slag subgrade.

In this study, to improve the compaction quality and parameters of slag, discrete element models of irregular rock particles (10-60 mm) and circular soil particles (5 mm) were established based on on-site slag screening results. The motion of the vibratory roller was captured by coupling the roadbed model with the roller model in a simulation in which the roller vibrated and compacted the slag subgrade. The results indicated that (1) the best compaction was achieved when the small particle content was 40%, the medium particle content was 20%, and the large particle content was 40%. (2) When the slag was dominated by small rock particles, the optimum compaction frequency was 28 Hz, and when large rock particles dominated, the optimum compaction frequency was 33 Hz. (3) Rock particles were the primary particles that experienced stress in the vibration compaction, and the compressive force and displacement depended on the particle size. (4) The longitudinal and vertical displacements and rotation angles of the soil and rock particles were examined. The results of this study are conducive for advancing the understanding of slag compaction and improving the working efficiency and compaction quality of rollers.

Study of the mechanism of action of sand therapy on atherosclerosis based on the two-phase flow-Casson model.

BACKGROUND: Sand therapy is a non-pharmacological physiotherapy method that uses the natural environment and resources of Xinjiang to treat through the heat transfer and magnetic effects of sand. OBJECTIVE: Employing the two-phase flow-Casson blood flow model, we investigate the mechanism of atherosclerosis prevention via sand therapy, offering a biomechanical theoretical rationale for the prevention of atherosclerosis through sand therapy via the prism of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). METHODS: Sand therapy experiments were conducted to obtain popliteal artery blood flow velocity, and blood was considered as a two-phase flow composed of plasma and red blood cells, and CFD method was applied to analyze the hemodynamic effects of Casson's blood viscosity model before and after sand therapy. RESULTS: (1) The blood flow velocity increased by 0.24 m/s and 0.04 m/s at peak systolic and diastolic phases, respectively, after sand therapy; the axial velocity of blood vessels increased by 28.56% after sand therapy. (2) The average red blood cell viscosity decreased by 0.00014 Pa ⋅ s after sand therapy. (3) The low wall shear stress increased by 1.09 Pa and the high wall shear stress reached 41.47 Pa after sand therapy. (4) The time-averaged wall shear stress, shear oscillation index and relative retention time were reduced after sand therapy. CONCLUSION: The increase of blood flow velocity after sand therapy can reduce the excessive deposition of cholesterol and other substances, the decrease of erythrocyte viscosity is beneficial to the migration of erythrocytes to the vascular center, the increase of low wall shear stress has a positive effect on the prevention of atherosclerosis, and the decrease of time-averaged wall shear stress, shear oscillation index and relative retention time can reduce the occurrence of thrombosis.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in myocardial ischemia model rats: a potential role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the hypothesis that electroacupuncture inhibits the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulating the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus of acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) rats. METHODS: Sixty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, AMI (Model), electroacupuncture at Shenmen (HT7)-Tongli (HT5) segment (EA), non-acupoint electroacupuncture (Control), and Model + corticosterone (Model + CORT). AMI was induced occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 d of electroacupuncture at Shenmen (HT7)-Tongli (HT5) segment. In the Control group, electroacupuncture was applied at points lying 5 and 10 mm from the base of the tail. The AMI + CORT group was injected with CORT (20 mg/kg) in saline. Hemorheology, electrocardiography (ECG), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and expression of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) were used to assess cardiac function. The effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and CORT were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression in the Sham and Model groups were screened by tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting (vimentin and GFAP) and immunofluorescence staining (GFAP). RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, the hemorheology indicators, heart rate, ECG-ST segment elevation, and GPBB and H-FABP levels were higher in Model rats. The EA group showed reductions in these indicators compared with the Model group. Similarly, in Model rats, the expression of ACTH and CORT were significantly increased compared with the Sham group. The EA group also showed reduced expression of ACTH and CORT. Importantly, proteomics analysis showed that vimentin was differentially expressed in Model rats. Compared with the Sham group, vimentin and GFAP expression in the hippocampus was increased in the Model group but decreased in the AMI + EA group. Additionally, intraperitoneal injection of CORT aggravated the expression of GPBB, H-FABP and GFAP. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that electroacupuncture may protect against cardiac injury induced by AMI through regulation of HPA axis hyperactivity, and that hippocampal GFAP may play an important role in the regulation.

Programmable DNA hydrogel provides suitable microenvironment for enhancing autophagy-based therapies in intervertebral disc degeneration treatment.

The pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is attributed to metabolic dysregulation within the extracellular matrix and heightened apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPC). Therefore, a potential therapeutic strategy for managing IVDD involves the reestablishment of metabolic equilibrium within the extracellular matrix and the suppression of excessive myeloid cell apoptosis. The microRNA, miR-5590, displays marked differential expression in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and exerts a direct influence on the regulation of DDX5 expression. This, in turn, modulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, thereby impacting autophagy and apoptosis. However, ensuring the smooth delivery of miRNA to a specific injury site poses a significant challenge. To address this issue, a multifunctional DNA hydrogel was developed and subsequently loaded with miR-5590 via spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) for the treatment of IVDD. The hydrogel, which exhibits versatility, has the potential to be administered through injection at the site of injury, resulting in a consistent and prolonged release of miR-5590. This leads to the creation of a genetic microenvironment within the NP, which triggers the onset of autophagy in NPCs and subsequently suppresses apoptosis. As a result, this process regulates the metabolic equilibrium within the extracellular matrix, thereby impeding the in vitro and in vivo progression of IVDD. The amalgamation of miRNAs and biomaterials offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of IVDD in clinical settings.

Comparative analysis of clinicopathological characteristics of central necrotizing breast cancer and basal cell-like breast cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), as well as to analyze the characteristics of the molecular typing of the CNC. Methods: The clinicopathological features of 69 cases of CNC and 48 cases of BLBC were observed and compared. EnVision immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CNC and BLBC. Results: The age of the 69 patients ranged from 32 to 80 years, with an average of 54.55 years. Gross examination showed that most tumors were well-defined single central nodules with a diameter of 1.2~5.0 cm. Microscopically, there is a large necrotic or acellular area in the center of the tumor, mainly composed of tumor coagulative necrosis with varying degrees of fibrosis or hyaline degeneration. A small amount of cancer tissue remained in the form of a ribbon or small nest around the necrotic focus. Among 69 cases of CNC, the proportion of basal cell type (56.5%) was significantly higher than that of lumen type A (18.84%), lumen type B (13.04%), HER2 overexpression (5.8%), and nonexpression (5.8%). A total of 31 cases were followed up for 8~50 months, with an average of 33.94 months. There have been nine cases of disease progression. When compared to BLBC, there were no significant differences in BRCA1 and VEGF protein expression in response to CNC (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in protein expression in HIF-1α (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The molecular typing of CNC showed that over half of those were BLBC. No statistically significant difference in the expression of BRCA1 was observed between CNC and BLBC; thus, we predict that targeted therapy for BRCA1 in BLBC may also have considerable effects in CNC patients. The expression of HIF-1α is significantly different in CNC and BLBC, and perhaps HIF-1α can be used as a new entry point to distinguish between the two. There is a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in BLBC, and there was no significant correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins in CNC.

Influence of the Anatomical Structure on the Hemodynamics of Iliac Vein Stenosis.

Few reports study the effects of the anatomical structure of the iliac vein on hemodynamics and the methods to reduce and delay in-stent thrombosis. The anatomical structure of iliac vein stenosis was used to establish vascular models with different stenosis rates, taper angle, and left branch tilt angle in the work. The influence of anatomical structure on hemodynamics was revealed through theoretical research and in vitro experimental verification. A real iliac vein model was built based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) images, and hemorheological parameters including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that iliac vein stenosis could significantly increase the wall shear stress (WSS) of the blood vessels at the stenosis site and outside the intersection area, which was easy to produce eddy currents in the distal blood vessels. With the increased taper angle, the proportion of low-wall shear stress areas and the risk of thrombosis increased. A small tilt angle could aggravate the influence of narrow blood vessels on the blood flow characteristics and vascular wall. The numerical simulation results were consistent with the theoretical research results, and the experimental study verified the correctness of the simulation. The work is helpful to further understand the hemodynamic characteristics of the iliac vein, providing a scientific reference for clinical treatment and diagnosis.

A review: extraction, phytochemicals, and biological activities of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) peel extract.

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peels are produced during application process. Drying methods of rambutan peel, including open sun, oven, oven vacuum, and freeze-drying, have been describes in this study. The extraction technologies of dried rambutan peels were reviewed, such as maceration and hot extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. The phytochemicals of rambutan peel extracts were analyzed, and the purification and stability of geraniin was reviewed. Rambutan peel extracts exhibit wide bioactivities in vitro and in vivo, and these bioactivities depend chiefly on the phenolic contents and profiles in the different extracts. The safety of rambutan peel extracts was analyzed. In addition, rambutan peel extracts could be used as important components to make different products, which are potentially applied in food, medicine, and cosmetic. However, the extracts efficiency must be further increased using some emerging technologies. Furthermore, the bioactive mechanism and bioavailability of the extract in human system should be further evaluated.

Research on the influence of sports participation on school bullying among college students-Chain mediating analysis of emotional intelligence and self-esteem.

Purposes: This paper aims to discuss the relationship between college students' sports participation, school bullying, emotional intelligence and self-esteem. At the same time, it explores the intrinsic mechanisms of school bullying, in order to provide a reference for reducing bullying phenomenon among college students, and pave the way for college students to lead happy, healthy and confident lives. Methods: A total of 1,317 students (725 male students, 592 female students, 21.31 ± 3.28 years old) from four universities in Southwest China were selected as subjects for this survey. They were selected by stratified random sampling, and the data needed was obtained using a structured questionnaire. The data was subsequently processed with statistical software SPSS19.0 and AMOS21.0. Results: (1) Sports participation has a significant and positive correlation with emotional intelligence and self-esteem, likewise, it has a significant negative correlation with school bullying. Emotional intelligence has a marked positive correlation with self-esteem, at the same time it has a significant negative correlation with school bullying. In addition, self-esteem is strongly negative correlated with school bullying. (2) Sports participation has a direct effect on school bullying (ES = -0.271). Emotional intelligence (ES = -0.144) and self-esteem (ES = -0.065) also play a significant mediating role between sports participation and school bullying, and the chain mediating force of emotional intelligence-self-esteem also reaches a significant level (ES = -0.016). Conclusion: Sports participation affects school bullying among college students not only directly but also indirectly, such as through emotional intelligence, the mediating role of self-esteem, and the chain mediating role of emotional intelligence to self-esteem. Apart from sports participation, emotional intelligence is another key factor that affects college students' school bullying. Therefore, while attaching great importance to college students' sport participation, schools should also provide courses aimed at developing students' emotional intelligence.

Effect of post-discharge pharmacist-led follow-up on drug treatment in patients with deep venous thrombosis in primary hospitals in China.

Warfarin and rivaroxaban were the two most commonly-used anticoagulant drugs for Deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of post-discharge pharmacist-led follow-up on drug treatment in patients with DVT in primary hospitals from a pharmacological perspective. A total of 125 patients were recruited from July 2017 to June 2019 and randomized to either a control group or an intervention group. The control group was given routine medication guidance, clinical pharmacists followed up at 3 and 6 months after discharge. The intervention group was based on the control group and was followed up weekly for 6 months after discharge. For patients taking warfarin, the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) and TTR>65% were significantly higher in the intervention group (p<0.05) and they also had less frequent dose changes. For patients taking warfarin or rivaroxaban, vascular ultrasonography showed better improvement rate in the intervention group (p<0.05). Pharmacist-led follow-up showed that the medication adherence (p<0.05) were significantly improved. There were lower risks of total and minor hemorrhage events and thrombosis events in the intervention group (p<0.05). Pharmacist-led follow-up not only reduced the risk of hemorrhage and thrombosis events, but also improved adherence to anticoagulation drugs.

MicroRNA-629-3p Promotes Interleukin-13-Induced Bronchial Epithelial Cell Injury and Inflammation by Targeting FOXA2.

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease. MicroRNA (miR)-629-3p expression is reported to be up-regulated in the sputum of asthma patients. Nonetheless, miR-629-3p's role and mechanism in asthma remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at exploring miR-629-3p's role in regulating the injury and inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to detect the expression levels of miR-629-3p and forkhead box a2 (FOXA2) mRNA in 16HBE cells treated with interleukin-13 (IL-13). 16HBE cell viability was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by a flow cytometer. The levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11), C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26), C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL-2)/mono-cyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in 16HBE cell supernatant were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The downstream target genes of miR-629-3p were predicted through bioinformatics. Besides, the targeted relationship between miR-629-3p and FOXA2 mRNA 3'-UTR was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot was utilized to determine the regulatory effects of miR-629-3p on the expression of FOXA2 protein in 16HBE cells. RESULTS: MiR-629-3p expression was significantly enhanced in IL-13-stimulated 16HBE cells while the FOXA2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated. The transfection of miR-629-3p mimics inhibited 16HBE cells' viability, and promoted the apoptosis and the secretion of chemokines CCL11, CCL26, CCL-2/MCP-1, IL-1b, and IL-6 of 16HBE cells, whereas inhibiting miR-629-3p had the opposite effects. Moreover, FOXA2 was identified as a downstream miR-629-3p target, and its overexpression reversed the effects of the miR-629-3p on 16HBE cells. CONCLUSION: MiR-629-3p promotes IL-13-induced 16HBE cells' injury and inflammation by targeting FOXA2.

LncRNA FGD5-AS1 promotes the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells via targeting miR-142-5p.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to participate in regulating gene expression and are related to tumor progression. FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1) facilitates the progression of various tumors. However, the expression and function of FGD5-AS1 in ovarian cancer (OC) and its mechanism of action are not yet clear. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to explore the expression levels of FGD5-AS1 and miR-142-5p in OC. The relationship between the expression of FGD5-AS1 and clinicopathological indicators of OC patients was analyzed by χ2 test. CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay, and Transwell assay were carried out to detect cell proliferation, migration, as well as invasion, respectively. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiment and lung metastasis model were used to examine the biological effects of FGD5-AS1 in OC in vivo. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay or RIP experiment was employed to explore the targeting relationship between FGD5-AS1 and miR-142-5p, as well as miR-142-5p and PD-L1 3'UTR. First, we found that FGD5-AS1 was markedly up-regulated in OC. Moreover, its high expression level was associated with positive local lymph node metastasis and higher T stage in OC patients. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that FGD5-AS1 facilitated the proliferation, migration, as well as invasion of OC cells. Mechanistically, it was revealed that FGD5-AS1 targeted miR-142-5p to repress its expression and function. Furthermore, miR-142-5p has a binding site for 3' UTR of PD-L1, and FGD5-AS1 could positively regulate PD-L1 expression via repressing miR-142-5p. The present study reports that FGD5-AS1/miR-142-5p/PD-L1 axis is involved in regulating OC progression.

Mobilization and geochemistry of nutrients in sediment evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films: Significance for lake management.

Investigation of in-situ mobilization of both nitrogen (N) and phosphate (PO43-) in sediment is important for lake management strategy. In this paper, diffusion gradients in thin films (DGT) and DGT induced flux in sediments (DIFS) model are newly designed for in-situ measurement of iron (Fe), PO43-, nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N), and nutrients' mobility in sediment in Lake Nanhu (China). According to DGT profiles together with physicochemical properties in sediment, (I) PO43- is released from (i) Fe-bound P plus loosely sorbed P in anoxic sediment and (ii) the loosely sorbed P in oxic sediment; (II) anoxic sediment inhibits nitrification and NO3-N release, but it favors denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), leading to NH4-N release; (III) Eh and organic matter are two key influence factors on mobility of PO43-, NO3-N and NH4-N. According to DIFS calculation, the dynamics of desorption and diffusion at two sites belong to (i) slow rate of resupply and (ii) fast resupply cases, respectively. Internal loadings are estimated to be 92.74 (PO43-), 268.1 (NH4-N) and -2466 kg a-1 (NO3-N), which reflects sediment mainly acts as a source for PO43- and NH4-N, and a sink for NO3-N in water. Based on sediment P release risk index (SPRRI), P release risks in lake sediments are estimated, ranging from light to relative high level. DGT and SPRRI aid choice of restoration methods for sediment, including sediment dredging, phytoremediation and in-situ inactivation.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Radiomics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence Prediction After Thermal Ablation.

PURPOSE: To develop a radiomics model based on dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to predict early and late recurrence in patients with a single HCC lesion ≤ 5 cm in diameter after thermal ablation. PROCEDURES: We enrolled patients who underwent thermal ablation for HCC in our hospital from April 2004 to April 2017. Radiomics based on two branch convolution recurrent network was utilized to analyze preoperative dynamic CEUS image of HCC lesions to establish CEUS model, in comparison to the conventional ultrasound (US), clinical, and combined models. Clinical follow-up of HCC recurrence after ablation were taken as reference standard to evaluate the predicted performance of CEUS model and other models. RESULTS: We finally analyzed 318 patients (training cohort: test cohort = 255:63). The combined model showed better performance for early recurrence than CUES (in training cohort, AUC, 0.89 vs. 0.84, P < 0.001; in test cohort, AUC, 0.84 vs. 0.83, P = 0.272), US (P < 0.001), or clinical model (P < 0.001). For late recurrence prediction, the combined model showed the best performance than the CEUS (C-index, in training cohort, 0.77 vs. 0.76, P = 0.009; in test cohort, 0.77 vs. 0.68, P < 0.001), US (P < 0.001), or clinical model (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The CEUS model based on dynamic CEUS radiomics performed well in predicting early HCC recurrence after ablation. The combined model combining CEUS, US radiomics, and clinical factors could stratify the high risk of late recurrence.

The Influence of Family Sports Attitude on Children's Sports Participation, Screen Time, and Body Mass Index.

Background: Children's physical health is an important resource for a country's future construction. However, researchers found that the physical fitness of young children around the world has declined during the two decades, from 1992 to 2012. The decline in the physique of young children has caused widespread concern around the world. Children's main living places are families and kindergartens, so this research explores the impact of family factors on children's body mass index (BMI) from the perspective of family attitudes, children's sports participation, and screen time. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of children in China. A total of 600 children were investigated, and 589 valid questionnaires were obtained. SPSS21.0 statistical analysis software was used for descriptive analysis, mean comparison, and correlation analysis of the data. AMOS 21.0 was used to construct a structural equation model and carry out path analysis. Results: (1) There are significant differences in children's family sports attitude, sports participation, screen time, and BMI with different family structures, and parents' education levels. (2) Family sports attitude is significantly positively correlated with parents' education levels and children's sports participation, and negatively correlated with children's screen time and BMI. (3) Children's sports participation and screen time play a chain-mediating role between family sports attitude and children's BMI, and the role is a complete mediating role. Therefore, family sports attitudes can affect children's physical health by affecting children's sports participation and screen time. To promote children's physical health, we should pay attention to the intervention of family sports attitude. (4) The mediating effects of exercise participation and screen time are similar in different family structures, so the structure of this study can be applied to different family structures. Conclusions: Children's family sports attitude, sports participation, and screen time can affect children's BMI. Children's screen time and sports participation play a chain-mediating role in the influence of family sports attitudes on the path of children's BMI. The results of this study will provide a useful reference for teachers and parents to control children's physical health.

Thyroid-disrupting effects and mechanism of thiazole-Zn-induced thyroid cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Thiazole-Zn is a systemic fungicide synthesized and developed in China that has been used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases on fruits and vegetables. Thiazole-Zn is a new thyroid disruptor chemical. The purpose of this study was to clarify the thyroid-disrupting property of thiazole-Zn and the mechanism responsible for thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis inhibition in male rats induced by thiazole-Zn. First, the effects of different thiazole-Zn doses and exposure times on the thyroid weights, thyroid morphology and serum hormone levels of rats were investigated. The results showed that thiazole-Zn increased thyroid weights and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and induced thyroid cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in a dose-related and time-related manner. Furthermore, measurement of thyroid radioiodine uptake in vivo in rats confirmed that thiazole-Zn inhibited active iodide uptake into the thyroid, which reduced circulating levels of serum T3 and T4. Decreases in circulating THs resulted in a compensatory increase in serum TSH levels through a negative feedback system. Subsequently, sustained excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH led to thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In addition, thiazole-Zn increased sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression in the rat thyroid, and the increased NIS expression promoted and restored iodide uptake into the thyroids of rats. The risk of iodine intake inhibition by thiazole-Zn to humans, especially susceptible individuals, such as children and pregnant women, warrants additional attention.

Recent developments of photoelectrochemical biosensors for food analysis.

The scientific analysis of food safety issues and the establishment of rapid and efficient food safety detection methods are of great significance for safeguarding the health of consumers, ensuring the healthy development of food safety systems and realizing food safety strategies. As an emerging electrochemical analysis technology, photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors, which combine the advantages of biological analysis and optical analysis, have attracted extensive attention. Due to the complete separation of the excitation source (light) and the detection signal (current), the background signal of PEC biosensors is greatly decreased, and their sensitivity is high. The detection principle is that under illumination, the biological recognition effect between the bio-specific recognition element and the corresponding target causes a change in the signal generated by the photoactive nanomaterial. This review aims to cover the most recent advances of PEC biosensing in the field of food analysis, including mycotoxins, heavy metals, antibiotics, and pesticide residues. The future prospects in this field are also discussed.

[Overexpression of histone deacetylase 11 suppresses basal-like breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis].

OBJECTIVE: Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) is a class Ⅳ member of histone deacetylase family, and its role in regulating cancer cell invasion and metastasis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of HDAC11 in regulating the biological behaviors of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells. METHODS: We analyzed the expression of HDAC11 based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The effects of HDAC11 on the cell invasion and metastasis were examined using Transwell assay and in a mouse model. The interaction between HDAC11 and Twist was detected with immunoprecipitation. We identified HAS2 as a target gene of Twist using promoter luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS: HDAC11 was lowly expressed in BLBC cells. HDAC11 overexpression suppressed BLBC cell invasion in vitro and their metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistically, HDAC11 directly interacted with Twist protein, antagonized its pro-invasive function and repressed Twist-induced HAS2 gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that HDAC11 acts as a negative modulator of invasion and metastasis of BLBC cells.

Overexpression of Axl reverses endothelial cells dysfunction in high glucose and hypoxia.

The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is involved in diabetic vascular disease. This study aims to investigate the effect of high glucose on endothelial cells injury and Axl expression in hypoxia condition in vitro, and we present details of the mechanism associated with overexpression of Axl rescue the high glucose injury. Our results showed that high glucose impaired both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and EAhy926 cells angiogenesis in hypoxia condition. In addition, high glucose inhibits Axl and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) protein expression in hypoxia condition. Axl overexpression significantly reversed endothelial cells dysfunction in high glucose/hypoxia. Furthermore, Axl overexpression in EAhy926 cells increases HIF-1α protein synthesis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K signal pathway but not Mek/Erk in high glucose/hypoxia condition. This study demonstrates that high glucose can alter Axl signaling and HIF-1α in hypoxia condition. Overexpression of Axl may rescue endothelial cells dysfunction and HIF-1α expression through its downstream signals in high glucose/hypoxia.