[Hepatolithiasis--a rare disorder in our population]. / Hepatolitiáza--vzácné onemocnení v nasí populaci.

AIM: The authors describe diagnostic and therapeutic options of hepatolithiasis, which is a rare disorder in our population. METHODOLOGY: The authors present 3 case--reviews of patients operated for hepatolithiasis in the Plzen Faculty Hospital Surgical Clinic during 2000-2008. In a single subject, the finding was related to a Caroli syndrome. All subjects suffered from symptomatic hepatolithiases (abdominal pains, cholangiogenic sepsis), which was complicated by advanced liver cirrhosis in one case. The diagnostic measures included ultrasonography, computer tomography, MRI cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In all the subjects, left-sided lobectomy was performed for findings located in the liver segments 2 and 3. RESULTS: The 30-day postoperative mortality was nil. In a single female patient, liver resection (segment 4) was performed for segmental bile duct dilation, bile fistule and chilangiogenic sepsis. CONCLUSION: Resection of the affected liver region is the method of choice in the management of hepatolithiasis.

[Is the extent of present examination of blood donors sufficient? Malignancies in active blood donors]. / Je soucasný rozsah vysetrení dárcu krve dostatecný? Onemocnení zhoubným nádorem u aktivních dárcu krve.

Casuistry brings the evidence that the present extent of examination before each blood donation is not sufficient for the identification of malignancies. Donation of blood can coincide with the development of tumour into a far gone stage or into generalization. Sensitivity of the pre-extraction examination for the presence of malignancy is low.

[The occurrence of malignancies in former blood donors]. / Jaký je výskyt zhoubných nádoru mezi bývalými dárci krve?

Occurrence of malignancies in the group of 267 former blood donors who donated blood 20 times and more (multiple donors) were compared with those who donated blood 10 times or less. Cohorts were comparable in age, period from the first donation and ratio of blood groups in A, B, 0 system. In the group of multiple donors, 31 (11.6%) persons were listed in the oncological register for 36 malignancies. Among the less frequent donors only 14 persons (5.3%) were listed with 15 malignancies. The difference in malignancy incidence between both groups is highly significant. The difference is significant for the cohorts of men, being not significant for women; probably because of small number of cases. Our results indicate the possibility of carcinogenic effect of the blood donation.

[Symptomatology and specific characteristics of chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection in children in the Czech population--epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic and histomorphologic study]. / Symptomatologie a specifické rysy chronické gastritidy zpusobené infekcí Helicobacter pylori v detském veku v ceské populaci--epidemiologicko-klinická, endoskopická a histomorfologická studie.

BACKGROUND: H. pylori infection is associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer in children and adults. H. pylori acquisition seems to occur predominantly in childhood. Some data have reported H. pylori non-related chronic gastritis. Little information is available about the relationship between H. pylori, clinicopathologic features and long-term effects of infection in childhood. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between chronic gastritis due to H. pylori with those of chronic gastritis not associated with H. pylori infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: 92 children (13.8 +/- 3.5 years) were take into they shaded group. 51 children were H. pylori positive, 41 children had no evidence of H. pylori. Epidemiological and clinical data, endoscopic appearance and histologic examination were evaluated. There were no differences in age and gender among the children. There was a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and parental education (p < 0.05) and habitat crowding (the number of rooms). There were no differences in clinical diagnosis and occurrence of any predominant symptom between the two groups. There was an association with a detrimental influence on daily life and activities in H. pylori patients (p < 0.01). Extradigestive symptoms (chronic urticaria, sideropenic anemia) were significantly more common in the H. pylori positive group (p < 0.05). 21 children (41.6%) were H. pylori positive/cagA positive, 15 of them (30.3%) were H. pylori positive/vacA positive. Findings of antral nodularity were more frequent in H. pylori positive children than in H. pylori negative (p < 0.000001). There were no differences in erythematous gastritis, haemorrhage and mucosal ulceration. H. pylori density score did not differ in various part of the gastric mucosa (antrum, corpus). Chronic gastritis was found to be more severe in patients with H. pylori infection compared with H. pylori-negative gastritis. Statistically significant was the increased presence of neutrophils, edema, monocytes, lymphoid follicles, the intensity of inflammation and mucosal oedema in the gastric mucosa in H. pylori positive children. There were no differences in the incidence of foveolar hyperplasia, mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and erosion. CONCLUSION: H. pylori related chronic gastritis may be considered as a specific form of inflammation and it may be associated with a typical clinical symptomatology in a subgroup of children in Czech population. Precautions in life style may diminish H. pylori-related disease in children.

[Ovarian stromal hyperthecosis and concurrent endometrial carcinoma of the uterus]. / Ovariální stromální hyperthekóza a soucasný výskyt endometroidního karcinomu delohy.

The authors describe the case of a 50-year old patient with a hypertension, who was sterile and obese. She presented with the clinical diagnosis of "malignant corporal polyp". On microscopical examination we found an endometroid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with focal squamous differentiation associated with bilateral stromal hyperthecosis of the ovaries. Stromal hyperthecosis of the ovaries is often associated with oestrogen and androgen hypersecretion (virilismus), obesity and hypertension. Owing to these well known features we assume that the endometroid adenocarcinoma of the uterus was caused by ovarian hyperthecosis.

Expression of bcl-2 protein in distinguishing benign from malignant lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow biopsies.

In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 protein in benign and malignant lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow biopsies was investigated in order to estimate its significance in distinguishing the biologic nature of the aggregates. Paraffin-embedded tissues of 46 bone marrow biopsies were stained with a monoclonal antibody to bcl-2 protein using the supersensitive streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method after a microwave heating of the sections. Bcl-2 protein immunoreactivity was observed in various proportions of lymphoid cells in both reactive and malignant lymphoid bone marrow aggregates. The percentage of bcl-2 positive cells in malignant aggregates was substantially higher (mean value 78%) than that observed in reactive nodules (mean value 60%). The presence of bcl-2 protein has been confirmed both in malignant and benign bone marrow lymphoid aggregates. Thus, the bcl-2 protein expression should not be used as a discriminating criterion for the malignant nature of lymphoid aggregates.

Postnatal changes in the amount of acetylcholine in the atrial tissue of the albino rat heart.

Changes in the acetylcholine (ACh) content and concentration in the atrial tissue of albino rats between the third day of postnatal life and adulthood were studied. The ACh content (ng in whole atria) rose during the whole of the period in question, from 5.6 ng at 3--4 days to 307.5 ng in adult rats. The ACh concentration (micrograms/g fresh tissue) rose up to the 53rd day after birth, when it attained adult values. The fastest increase in both the ACh content and concentration was observed between the 10th and the 17th postnatal day, when it amounted to over 46% of the total concentration increase between the third day of life and adulthood.

Effect of single feeding on the acetylcholine content of the diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus of albino rats.

The acetylcholine (ACh) concentration was determined in the diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus and atria of rats with permanent access to food and in single-fed animals. single feeding caused a statistically highly significant increase in the ACh content of the atria, but did not significantly affect the ACh content of the skeletal muscles.