Epidemiology and disease burden of patients requiring neurocritical care: a Brazilian multicentre cohort study.

Acute neurological emergencies are highly prevalent in intensive care units (ICUs) and impose a substantial burden on patients. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of patients requiring neurocritical care in Brazil, and their differences based on primary acute neurological diagnoses and to identify predictors of mortality and unfavourable outcomes, along with the disease burden of each condition at intensive care unit admission. This prospective cohort study included patients requiring neurocritical care admitted to 36 ICUs in four Brazilian regions who were followed for 30 days or until ICU discharge (Aug-Sep in 2018, 1 month). Of 4245 patients admitted to the participating ICUs, 1194 (28.1%) were patients with acute neurological disorders requiring neurocritical care and were included. Patients requiring neurocritical care had a mean mortality rate 1.7 times higher than ICU patients not requiring neurocritical care (17.21% versus 10.1%, respectively). Older age, emergency admission, higher number of potential secondary injuries, and worse APACHE II, SAPS III, SOFA, and Glasgow coma scale scores on ICU admission are independent predictors of mortality and poor outcome among patients with acute neurological diagnoses. The estimated total DALYs were 4482.94 in the overall cohort, and the diagnosis with the highest DALYs was traumatic brain injury (1634.42). Clinical, epidemiological, treatment, and ICU outcome characteristics vary according to the primary neurologic diagnosis. Advanced age, a lower GCS score and a higher number of potential secondary injuries are independent predictors of mortality and unfavourable outcomes in patients requiring neurocritical care. The findings of this study are essential to guide education policies, prevention, and treatment of severe acute neurocritical diseases.

Erratum: Evaluation of the characteristics of infection prevention and control programs and infection control committees in Brazilian hospitals: A countrywide cross-sectional study - CORRIGENDUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.136.].

Evaluation of the characteristics of infection prevention and control programs and infection control committees in Brazilian hospitals: A countrywide cross-sectional study.

Objective: Data are scarce regarding hospital infection control committees and compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations in Brazil, a country of continental dimensions. We assessed the main characteristics of infection control committees (ICCs) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Brazilian hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in ICCs of public and private hospitals distributed across all Brazilian regions. Data were collected directly from the ICC staff by completing an online questionnaire and during on-site visits through face-to-face interviews. Results: In total, 53 Brazilian hospitals were evaluated from October 2019 to December 2020. All hospitals had implemented the IPC core components in their programs. All centers had protocols for the prevention and control of ventilator-associated pneumonia as well as bloodstream, surgical site, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Most hospitals (80%) had no budget specifically allocated to the IPC program; 34% of the laundry staff had received specific IPC training; and only 7.5% of hospitals reported occupational infections in healthcare workers. Conclusions: In this sample, most ICCs complied with the minimum requirements for IPC programs. The main limitation regarding ICCs was the lack of financial support. The findings of this survey support the development of strategic plans to improve IPCs in Brazilian hospitals.

Comparação entre as variações respiratórias da amplitude de onda pletismográfica da oximetria de pulso e do pulso arterial em pacientes com e sem uso de norepinefrina / Comparison between respiratory pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude and arterial pulse pressure variations among patients with and without norepinephrine use

OBJETIVOS: A variação respiratória da pressão arterial é um bom preditor da resposta a fluidos em pacientes ventilados. Foi recentemente demonstrado que a variação respiratória na pressão arterial de pulso se correlaciona com a variação da amplitude da onda pletismográfica da oximetria de pulso. Nossa intenção foi avaliar a correlação entre a variação respiratória da pressão arterial de pulso e a variação respiratória na amplitude da onda pletismográfica da oximetria de pulso, e determinar se esta correlação foi influenciada pela administração de norepinefrina. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de sessenta pacientes com ritmo sinusal normal sob ventilação mecânica, profundamente sedados e hemodinamicamente estáveis. Foram monitorados o índice de oxigenação e pressão arterial invasiva. A variação respiratória da pressão do pulso e a variação respiratória da amplitude da onda pletismográfica na oximetria de pulso foram registradas simultaneamente batimento a batimento, e foram comparadas utilizando o coeficiente de concordância de Pearson e regressão linear. RESULTADOS: Trinta pacientes (50 por cento) necessitaram de norepinefrina. Ocorreu uma correlação significante (K=0,66; p<0,001) entre a variação respiratória na pressão arterial de pulso e a variação respiratória na amplitude de onda pletismográfica na oximetria de pulso. A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,88 (variando de 0,79-0,97) com melhor valor de corte de 14 por cento para prever uma variação respiratória na pressão arterial de pulso de 13. O uso de norepinefrina não influenciou esta correlação (K=0,63; p=0,001, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: Uma variação respiratória na pressão do pulso arterial acima de 13 por cento pode ser prevista com precisão por meio de uma variação respiratória da amplitude de onda pletismográfica na oximetria de pulso de 14 por cento. O uso de norepinefrina não modifica este relacionamento.

OBJECTIVES: Arterial pulse pressure respiratory variation is a good predictor of fluid response in ventilated patients. Recently, it was shown that respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure correlates with variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. We wanted to evaluate the correlation between respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude, and to determine whether this correlation was influenced by norepinephrine administration. METHODS: Prospective study of sixty patients with normal sinus rhythm on mechanical ventilation, profoundly sedated and with stable hemodynamics. Oxygenation index and invasive arterial pressure were monitored. Respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude were recorded simultaneously in a beat-to-beat evaluation, and were compared using the Pearson coefficient of agreement and linear regression. RESULTS: Thirty patients (50 percent) required norepinephrine. There was a significant correlation (K = 0.66; p < 0.001) between respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. Area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (range, 0.79 - 0.97), with a best cutoff value of 14 percent to predict a respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure of 13. The use of norepinephrine did not influence the correlation (K = 0.63, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure above 13 percent can be accurately predicted by a respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude of 14 percent. The use of norepinephrine does not alter this relationship.

Fatores preditores precoces de reinternação em unidade de terapia intensiva / Early predictive factors for intensive care unit readmission

OBJETIVOS: Prever reinternação na unidade de terapia intensiva, analisando as primeiras 24 horas de pacientes após admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: A primeira internação de pacientes de janeiro a maio de 2009 em UTI geral foi estudada. Considerou-se reinternação em unidade de terapia intensiva na mesma permanência hospitalar ou retorno em até 3 meses após alta da unidade. Pacientes que faleceram na 1ª admissão foram excluídos. Fatores demográficos, uso de assistência ventilatória e permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva por mais de 3 dias foram analisadas de forma uni e multivariada de acordo com desfecho reinternação. RESULTADOS: Quinhentos e setenta e sete pacientes foram incluídos (33 óbitos excluídos). O grupo de reinternação foi 59 pacientes, e 518 não reinternados. O tempo entre admissão índice e reinternação foi 9 (3-28) dias (18 foram readmitidos com menos de 3 dias) e 10 faleceram. Os pacientes reinternados pelo menos 1 vez na unidade de terapia intensiva apresentaram as seguintes diferenças em relação ao grupo controle: maior idade: 75 (67-81) versus 67 (56-78) anos, p<0,01; admissão por insuficiência respiratória e/ou sepse: 33 versus 13 por cento, p<0,01; admissão clínica: 49 versus 32 por cento, p<0,05; maior SAPS II: 27 (21-35) versus 23 (18-29) pontos, p<0,01; Charlson: 2 (1-2) versus 1 (0-2) pontos, p<0,01 e permanência maior que 3 dias na unidade de terapia intensiva na 1ª admissão (35 versus 23 por cento, p<0,01). Após regressão logística, idade, índice de Charlson e admissão por causas respiratórias ou sepse foram independentemente associados às reinternações em unidade de terapia intensiva. CONCLUSÃO: Idade, comorbidades e admissão por insuficiência respiratória e/ou sepse estão precocemente associadas a maior risco de reinternações na unidade de terapia intensiva estudada.

OBJECTIVE: To predict readmission in intensive care unit analyzing the first 24 hours data after intensive care unit admission. METHODS: The first intensive care unit admission of patients was analyzed from January to May 2009 in a mixed unit. Readmission to the unit was considered those during the same hospital stay or within 3 months after intensive care unit discharge. Deaths during the first admission were excluded. Demographic data, use of mechanical ventilation, and report of stay longer than 3 days were submitted to uni and multivariate analysis for readmission. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy-seven patients were included (33 excluded deaths). The readmission group had 59 patients, while 518 patients were not readmitted. The lead time between the index admission and readmission was 9 (3-28) days (18 were readmitted in less than 3 days), and 10 died. Patients readmitted at least once to the intensive care unit had the differences below in comparison to the control group: older age: 75 (67-81) versus 67 (56-78) years, P<0.01; admission for respiratory insufficiency or sepsis: 33 versus 13 percent, P<0.01; medical admission: 49 versus 32 percent, P<0.05; higher SAPS II score: 27 (21-35) versus 23 (18-29) points, P<0.01; Charlson index: 2 (1-2) versus 1 (0-2) points, P<0.01; first ICU stay longer than 3 days: 35 versus 23 percent, P<0.01. After logistic regression, higher age, Charlson index and admission for respiratory and sepsis were independently associated to readmissions in intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Age, comorbidities and respiratory- and/or sepsis-related admission are associated with increased readmission risk in the studied sample.

Comparison between respiratory pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude and arterial pulse pressure variations among patients with and without norepinephrine use. / Comparação entre as variações respiratórias da amplitude de onda pletismográfica da oximetria de pulso e do pulso arterial em pacientes com e sem uso de norepinefrina.

OBJECTIVES: Arterial pulse pressure respiratory variation is a good predictor of fluid response in ventilated patients. Recently, it was shown that respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure correlates with variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. We wanted to evaluate the correlation between respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude, and to determine whether this correlation was influenced by norepinephrine administration. METHODS: Prospective study of sixty patients with normal sinus rhythm on mechanical ventilation, profoundly sedated and with stable hemodynamics. Oxygenation index and invasive arterial pressure were monitored. Respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude were recorded simultaneously in a beat-to-beat evaluation, and were compared using the Pearson coefficient of agreement and linear regression. RESULTS: Thirty patients (50%) required norepinephrine. There was a significant correlation (K = 0.66; p < 0.001) between respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure and respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude. Area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (range, 0.79 - 0.97), with a best cutoff value of 14% to predict a respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure of 13. The use of norepinephrine did not influence the correlation (K = 0.63, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory variation in arterial pulse pressure above 13% can be accurately predicted by a respiratory variation in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude of 14%. The use of norepinephrine does not alter this relationship.

Early predictive factors for intensive care unit readmission. / Fatores preditores precoces de reinternação em unidade de terapia intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: To predict readmission in intensive care unit analyzing the first 24 hours data after intensive care unit admission. METHODS: The first intensive care unit admission of patients was analyzed from January to May 2009 in a mixed unit. Readmission to the unit was considered those during the same hospital stay or within 3 months after intensive care unit discharge. Deaths during the first admission were excluded. Demographic data, use of mechanical ventilation, and report of stay longer than 3 days were submitted to uni and multivariate analysis for readmission. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy-seven patients were included (33 excluded deaths). The readmission group had 59 patients, while 518 patients were not readmitted. The lead time between the index admission and readmission was 9 (3-28) days (18 were readmitted in less than 3 days), and 10 died. Patients readmitted at least once to the intensive care unit had the differences below in comparison to the control group: older age: 75 (67-81) versus 67 (56-78) years, P<0.01; admission for respiratory insufficiency or sepsis: 33 versus 13%, P<0.01; medical admission: 49 versus 32%, P<0.05; higher SAPS II score: 27 (21-35) versus 23 (18-29) points, P<0.01; Charlson index: 2 (1-2) versus 1 (0-2) points, P<0.01; first ICU stay longer than 3 days: 35 versus 23%, P<0.01. After logistic regression, higher age, Charlson index and admission for respiratory and sepsis were independently associated to readmissions in intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Age, comorbidities and respiratory- and/or sepsis-related admission are associated with increased readmission risk in the studied sample.