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1.
Viruses ; 14(1)2021 12 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35062276

RESUMO

Mammal-associated coronaviruses have a long evolutionary history across global bat populations, which makes them prone to be the most likely ancestral origins of coronavirus-associated epidemics and pandemics globally. Limited coronavirus research has occurred at the junction of Europe and Asia, thereby investigations in Georgia are critical to complete the coronavirus diversity map in the region. We conducted a cross-sectional coronavirus survey in bat populations at eight locations of Georgia, from July to October of 2014. We tested 188 anal swab samples, remains of previous pathogen discovery studies, for the presence of coronaviruses using end-point pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assays. Samples positive for a 440 bp amplicon were Sanger sequenced to infer coronavirus subgenus or species through phylogenetic reconstructions. Overall, we found a 24.5% positive rate, with 10.1% for Alphacoronavirus and 14.4% for Betacoronavirus. Albeit R. euryale, R. ferrumequinum, M. blythii and M. emarginatus were found infected with both CoV genera, we could not rule out CoV co-infection due to limitation of the sequencing method used and sample availability. Based on phylogenetic inferences and genetic distances at nucleotide and amino acid levels, we found one putative new subgenus and three new species of Alphacoronavirus, and two new species of Betacoronavirus.


Assuntos
Quirópteros/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Coronavirus/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Coronavirus/classificação , Coronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Variação Genética , Geografia , República da Geórgia , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética
2.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 32(3): 230-233, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27802403

RESUMO

Mosquito surveillance was carried out in Batumi, Georgia, in August 2014. Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time, which brought the number of reported mosquito species in Georgia to 32. An updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Georgia is provided.


Assuntos
Aedes/fisiologia , Distribuição Animal , Culicidae/classificação , Animais , Biota , Feminino , República da Geórgia , Masculino
3.
Virus Res ; 151(2): 246-51, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20493912

RESUMO

Five oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains carrying an intertypic PV3/PV2 recombination in VP1 capsid protein were isolated during poliovirus surveillance. These five PV3 strains had altogether four diverse recombination crossover points near the 3' end of the VP1 coding region. The complete antigenic site IIIa was replaced by PV2-specific amino acids in four of the studied PV3 strains. Low overall number of nucleotide substitutions in VP1 indicated that the predicted replication time, "age", of the PV3 strains was short, 6 months or less. The nucleotide 472-T in the 5' non-coding region, associated to the attenuated phenotype of PV3/Sabin, was reverted to wild-type C in all studied PV3/PV2 recombinant strains. Three of the PV3 strains had at least a tripartite genome deduced from the partial 3D polymerase-coding region sequences. Our results suggest that there exists a PV3/PV2 recombination hot-spot site in the 3' partial region of the VP1 capsid protein and that the recombination may occur within weeks or a few months after the administration of OPV.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Vacinas contra Poliovirus/administração & dosagem , Poliovirus/genética , Poliovirus/isolamento & purificação , Polimorfismo Genético , Recombinação Genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Poliovirus/classificação , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Virulência
4.
Int J Infect Dis ; 12(6): 635-44, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18514008

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a serious public health problem in the country of Georgia. However, little or no data exist on rates and risk factors for drug-resistant TB, including multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB, in Georgia. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for drug-resistant TB. METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective survey of patients with suspected pulmonary TB was carried out at four sentinel sites (Tbilisi, Zugdidi, Kutaisi, and Batumi) in Georgia between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2004. RESULTS: Among 1422 patients with suspected pulmonary TB, 996 (70.0%) were culture positive; 931/996 (93.5%) had drug susceptibility testing performed. Overall, 64.0% of patients (48.3% of new and 85.3% of retreatment cases) had positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to >or=1 first-line antituberculosis drugs. The overall prevalence of MDR-TB was 28.1% (10.5% of newly diagnosed patients and 53.1% of retreatment cases). In multivariate analysis, risk factors for MDR-TB included: being a retreatment case (prevalence ratio (PR)=5.28, 95% CI 3.95-7.07), history of injection drug use (PR=1.59, 95% CI 1.21-2.09), and female gender (PR=1.36, 95% CI 1.12-1.65). CONCLUSIONS: MDR-TB has emerged as a serious public health problem in Georgia and will greatly impact TB control strategies.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , República da Geórgia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem
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