[Analysis of phosphatidylcholines alterations in human glioblastoma multiform tissues ex vivo]. / Analiz izmenenii sostava fosfatidilkholinov v glioblastomakh cheloveka ex vivo.

Significant metabolism alteration is accompanying the cell malignization process. Energy metabolism disturbance leads to the activation of de novo synthesis and beta-oxidation processes of lipids and fatty acids in a cancer cell, which becomes an indicator of pathological processes inside the cell. The majority of studies dealing with lipid metabolism alterations in glial tumors are performed using the cell lines in vitro or animal models. However, such conditions do not entirely represent the physiological conditions of cell growth or possible cells natural variability. This work presents the results of the data obtained by applying ambient mass spectrometry to human glioblastoma multiform tissues. By analyzing a relatively large cohort of primary and secondary glioblastoma samples, we identify the alterations in cells lipid composition, which accompanied the development of grade IV brain tumors. We demonstrate that primary glioblastomas, as well as ones developed from astrocytomas, are enriched with mono- and diunsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC 26:1, 30:2, 32:1, 32:2, 34:1, 34:2). Simultaneously, the saturated and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines decrease. These alterations are obviously linked to the availability of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and activation of the de novo lipid synthesis and beta-oxidation pathways under the anaerobic conditions in the tumor core.

[Results of a study of parvovirus B19 (Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Erythroparvovirus, Primate erythroparvovirus 1) prevalence and circulation activity in socially significant categories of the population].

Currently, along with the increasing need of medical organizations for blood preparations, algorithms for laboratory testing of blood donors are not available for all infections with hemo-contact mechanism of transmission. A representative example is infection caused by parvovirus В19. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The article presents the results of the original study, the purpose of which was to study the prevalence of antibodies to parvovirus B19 and the activity of the circulation of this virus in socially important categories of the population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The materials of the study were blood samples from blood donors of Saint Petersburg, as well as parvovirus В19 sequences isolated from DNA-positive plasma samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the results of the laboratory examination, a high proportion of carriers of virus-specific IgG antibodies was found in studied group of donors, which confirms the previous infection of parvovirus B19 in them and illustrates the high prevalence of infection in this socially significant group. Based on the results of the blood preparations testing, the presence of parvovirus DNA В19 in a significant number of samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction method. This indicates an current parvovirus infection in the examined donors and points to a high epidemiological risk of the blood products obtained from them. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment of the VP1 gene demonstrated that the studied isolates belonged to А1 genotype and its subtype 1А2, which correlates with the genotypes of parvovirus В19 circulating in the European Union and Asia. In addition, two previously unknown В19 parvovirus isolates were isolated, the nucleotide sequences of which were deposited into the international GenBank database. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study, it is justified to include testing of blood samples for markers of В19 parvovirus infection in existing algorithms of laboratory examination of donors, which will ensure prevention of hemo-contact infection of blood recipients with parvovirus В19.

[Legal and regulatory framework prevention of infections, associated with delivering of medical care].

Legal and regulatory framework for prevention of infections, associated with delivering of medical care. Preventing infections associated with delivering of medical care suggests the organization of preventive and anti-epidemiological measures with the use of modern regulatory framework, which has undergone significant changes and continues to improve in recent years. The new data on clinical, epidemiological, social and economic effectiveness of the activities of this trend in organizations engaged in medical activities. The current and constantly updated system of normative, legal and methodological documents allows organizing an effective protection of patients and medical staff from nosocomial infections. The article provides an overview of existing regulations in the field of prevention of infections associated with health care, the possible ways of its improvement.

[The modern state and improvement prospects of community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis differential diagnostics].

The current article is dedicated to the modem state and improvement prospects of community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis differential diagnostics. According to the official domestic statistics pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a serious problem for the Russian Federation. One of the tuberculosis prevention most important factors is its early diagnostics. Unrecognized pulmonary tuberculosis is the leading factor of the in-hospital tuberculosis dissemination. On the basis of the current international and domestic guidelines it is shown that in order to improve the community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis differential diagnostics it is necessary to introduce mandatory sputum specimens light-emitting diode microscopy and Xpert-testing of all patients admitted with pulmonary tuberculosis suspecion with airspace opacity/consolidation on chest x-ray as well as their isolation until tuberculosis exclusion.

[Primary causative agents of infectious complications in injured with severe trauma].

AIM: Study etiologic structure of infectious complications in injured with severe-trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of results of therapy outcomes in 5966 wounded and injured (1999 - 2009) and prospective observation of 142 injured (2008 - 2009) by using epidemiologic, statistical and microbiological methods was carried out. RESULTS: Frequency of isolation and specific weight of causative agents depending on localization of infectious complication was established. Among 11486 isolated microorganism strains 4 causative agents dominated: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of these causative agents differed in various years. Interconnections of microorganisms composing associations were determined. CONCLUSION: Conduction of microbiological monitoring is determined by the necessity of constant control for leading causative agents of infectious complications in injured with severe trauma in the dynamic of their therapy.

Single nanohole and photonic crystal: wavelength selective enhanced transmission of light.

For the first time we have demonstrated an approach to control transmission of light through a single nanohole with the use of photon crystal microcavity. By use of the approach 28-fold enhanced transmission of light through a single nanohole in Au film has been experimentally demonstrated. The approach has the following advantages: (1) it enables to considerably increase transmission of light through a single nanohole, (2) the increase in transmission is unaffected by the hole diameter, (3) the transmission of nanohole is selective in frequency, the width of the resonance ~λ/90, (4) no auxiliary structures are necessary on the surface of the Au film (extra nanoholes, grooves, etc.).

[Substantiation for sanitary and hygienic measures to prevent nosocomial pyoseptic infections].

Nosocomial pyoseptic infections are one of the topical problems of the practical activity of surgical hospitals. Their occurrence is due to the influence of risk factors associated with patients' condition, a therapeutic and diagnostic process, and the hospital environment. A package of measures for the prevention of infectious complications comprises the sanitary-and-antiepidemic measures, its one component being sanitary-and-hygienic ones. The diagnosis of the epidemiological features of nosocomial infections allows the basic and additional sanitary-and- hygienic measures to be identified, differentiated, and rationalized depending on the categories of patients and the types of units with varying morbidity rates.

[Sanitary-bacteriological control of artificial ventilation apparatuses in the prevention of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in a surgical hospital].

Airway damage in intensive care unit patients at surgical hospitals is a common manifestation of nosocomial pyoseptic infections. Artificial ventilation (AV) apparatuses used in a therapeutic and diagnostic process are vital to the transmission of their pathogens. The paper shows that various units and surfaces of the apparatuses are differently contaminated with nosocomial microorganisms. In this connection, their microbial contamination should be evaluated without fail when the higher rate of nosocomial respiratory tract infections is recorded in patients. Decontamination of the most important parts and surfaces of AV apparatuses and control over medical staff's hand scrubbing can upgrade the quality of measures to prevent respiratory tract infections in patients.

[Infectious complications of polytraumas: microbiological and epidemiological aspects].

The authors discuss problems of terminology and definition of terms associated with surgery of injuries, polytrauma and a conception of wound dystrophy. Great statistical material (about 5000 casualties with polytrauma) was used to show the structure and frequency of infectious complications of severe associated injuries systematized according to the original classification of this pathology. The classification is based on a universal pathophysiological process developing in response to any extraordinary influence--a systemic inflammatory response. The mechanisms of the appearance of infectious complications of severe injuries are described. The authors propose new organizational and epidemiological accesses to prophylactics of infectious complications of polytraumas.