[Fermented milk and probiotic foods are an important part of population diet during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

The problem of increasing the population antiviral immunity is of particular importance during the third year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Concomitant intestinal dysbiosis is known to play an significant role in immune cell dysfunction. Therefore, it is very important to take measures to maintain the gut microbiota using the most affordable nutritional remedies, which include fermented milk and probiotic products designed for mass population consumption and capable of enhancing their immune defence when added to the daily diet. The aim of the study was to analyze scientific evidence highlighting the role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining the macro-organism immunological balance, and to evaluate modern fermented milk and probiotic products in terms of their effect on normalising the gut microbiota and their importance in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods. The presented scientific and analytical review analyzed the data of electronic resources of the Global Health platform, scientific libraries eLIBRARY.RU, Cochrane Library and CyberLeninka, the search system Google Academy¼, specialized sites for scientific publications ScienceDirect and Elsevier, bibliographic databases of articles on medical sciences MEDLINE, CDC infection diseases, Embase and PubMed- NCBI. The structural-logical, analytical and axiomatic methods were used. Results. It has been shown that normal intestinal microbiota takes part in maintaining metabolism in the digestive tract, increases the body's immune reactivity and regulates the functioning of all organs and systems. The severity of dysbiotic disorders can determine susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, the severity of this infection course, as well as the level of post-infection and post-vaccination anti-COVID-19 immunity. The high prevalence of gut dysbacteriosis indicates the need to strengthen measures of correcting dysbiotic disorders, including the inclusion of fermented and probiotic products in the daily population diet. Conclusion. Fermented milk and probiotic products, as sources of easily digestible macronutrients, essential micronutrients, biologically active substances and beneficial live microorganisms, should be included in the daily diet during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to increase the adaptive capacity and immunity of the population.

[Zinc status improving as a pathogenetically grounded platform for maintaining immunity during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].

The problem of increasing immunity has become especially relevant in the conditions of the rapid spread of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays it has been proven that a deficiency of certain micronutrients in the diet can disrupt chemical, structural and regulatory processes in the organism, which negatively affects, first of all, the state of immune system. Zinc is one of the most significant essential trace elements affecting immunological resistance. The aim of the study was to substantiate the need of including zinc-containing products and diet supplements in the diet of the population during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the basis of the study of pathogenetic mechanisms of various disorders of the immunological status under zinc deficit. Material and methods. This review analyzes the data from scientific electronic libraries CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY.RU, the Google Scholar databases and bibliographic medical databases MEDLINE and PubMed-NCBI. Results and discussion. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, adequate zinc supply is especially important, due to its antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic effects. This element also regulates the severity of the cytokine response, exhibits antibacterial properties and helps to compensate for chronic comorbid diseases, which plays a particularly significant role in preventing severe SARS-CoV-2 and recurrent respiratory diseases. Prevention and correction of zinc deficiency is considered as one of the important measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, aimed at increasing antiviral and general immunity, reducing the systemic inflammatory response and correcting hormonal and metabolic status. Conclusion. The pathogenetically substantiated inclusion of zinc-containing foods and supplements in the diet will enhance the immunity of the population during the SARSCoV- 2 pandemic.

[Pathogenetic aspects of magnesium deficiency in connective tissue dysplasia syndrome].

The problem of connective tissue dysplasia is currently becoming particularly relevant because of significant increase of individuals with characteristic abnormalities in the structure of connective tissue. The lack of some micronutrients, arising during ontogenesis in the organism, can determine a high risk of worsening connective tissue homeostasis. Recently, the decisive role of magnesium deficiency in the progression of this disease has been demonstrated. The aim of the study was to substantiate the need for magnesium diet therapy in individuals with connective tissue dysplasia basing on the study of the pathogenetic significance of magnesium deficiency in this pathology. Material and methods. The electronic resources of the portals PubMed-NCBI, MEDLINE, the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka and the Google Academy were used. Results and discussion. The analysis of the obtained data made it possible to identify fundamentally new provisions on the main mechanisms of the magnesium influence on the metabolic state of all components of connective tissue. It was proved that magnesium deficiency is a predictor of worsening connective tissue homeostasis, increasing in the number of dysplastic symptoms and their severity. This pathogenetically justifies prescribing a balanced diet to patients with connective tissue dysplasia, including products rich in magnesium, taking into account its recommended daily intake, depending on age of patients. Conclusion. Adequate daily intake of magnesium will increase the mechanical properties and functionality of the connective tissue, and should be recommended for patients with connective tissue dysplasia to prevent the development of complications, maintain the quality of life and improve the prognosis for this disease.

Method of determining the location of the sexual neurovascular bundle (internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal vein and pudendal nerve) / Método para determinar la ubicación del haz neurovascular sexual (vena y arteria pudenda interna y nervio pudendo)

Disorders in the course of the neurovascular bed of the sexual neurovascular bundle (NVB) entail problems of gynecological, andrological and urological nature, for example, the state of impotence in men. The aim of the study was to establish a method to determine a projection. The Arteria pudenda interna, Vena pudenda interna and Nervus pudendus (sexual neurovascular bundle or NVB) from the infrapiriform foramen to the Alcock's canal (pudendal canal) in which the pudendal neurovascular bundle runs. Topographic and anatomical study was performed on 15 corpses without organ complex (remote shore): 9-from men and 6-women, aged 36 to 74 years. Each object of study (corpse) included 2 pairs of sexual NVB, a total of 30 investigated. The information obtained on the projection branches of the pudendal nerve, and pudendal internal artery and pudendal internal vein from infrapiriform foramen to the entrance of the pudendal canal. A method for determining the projection of sexual NVB in the gluteal region was developed. The projection of Arteria pudenda interna, Vena pudenda interna and Nervus pudendus from the infrapiriform foramen in the gluteal region and to the entrance of the pudendal canal is determined. The morphometric data necessary for the mathematical equation developed by us for the calculation of the boundaries of the projection of the desired plane in the course of the sexual NVB are obtained . Using these data in the method of mathematical calculation developed by us using the formula C'c' = 0,2679 x (A'G-AD+3), we determined the projection of the figure, in the form of a trapezoid, in the center of which the projection of the sexual NVB is determined.A method for determining the projection of the sexual neurovascular bundle in the gluteal region for diagnosis and therapeutic effects on sexual NPS was developed.

Los trastornos en el curso de las estructuras del haz neurovascular sexual conllevan problemas de naturaleza ginecológica, andrológica y urológica, por ejemplo, el estado de impotencia en los hombres. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un método para determinar una proyección de los vasos pudendos internos y el nervio pudendo (haz neurovascular sexual o HNV) desde el foramen infrapiriforme hasta el canal de Alcock (canal pudendo). Se realizó un estudio topográfico y anatómico en 15 cadáveres: 9 hombres y 6 mujeres, entre 36 y 74 años. Se analizaron 30 muestras, cada cadáver incluyó 2 pares de HNV sexuales. Se obtuvo información sobre las ramas de proyección de la arteria, y vena pudenda interna y del nervio pudendo, desde el foramen infrapiriforme hasta la entrada al canal pudendo. Se desarrolló un método para determinar la proyección de NVB sexual en la región glútea. La proyección de la vena pudenda interna y del nervio pudendo se determinó desde el foramen infrapiriformis en la región glútea, hasta la entrada del canal pudendo. Se obtuvieron datos morfométricos necesarios para la ecuación matemática y obtener el cálculo de los límites de la proyección del plano deseado en el curso de la HNV sexual. Usando estos datos se utilizó la fórmula C'c '= 0,2679 x (A'G-AD + 3), y se realizó la proyección de la figura, en forma de trapecio, en el centro del cual se determinó la proyección de la HNV sexual. Se desarrolló un método para la proyección del haz neurovascular sexual en la región glútea, en el diagnóstico y los efectos terapéuticos sobre el NPS sexual.

The morphofunctional features of platelets against the background of metabolic syndrome in patients with generalized marginal periodontitis.

According to modern ideas, disorders in the system of hemostasis in cardiovascular diseases are mainly due to an increase in the functional activity of platelets, namely their increased ability to adhere and aggregate. Aim of the research was to evaluate morphofunctional platelets of patients with marginal periodontitis. Material and methods of the study involved 129 men aged 28-50 years (mean age 42.97 ±â€¯1.31 years) suffering from a MS with generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate degree. We also formed a control group of 90 practically healthy men (mean age 42.17 ±â€¯1.34 years). Exclusion criteria are symptomatic AH, unstable angina, myocardial infarction or stroke in history, severe chronic heart failure, severe liver and kidney disease, diabetes, complete secondary adentia. Patients were performed the dental examination with determination of community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), X-ray examination, physical examination with determination of anthropometric data, as well as clinical, the definition of MS laboratory criteria, insulin resistance indices, 24-h blood pressure monitoring. Platelet morphology was studied using scanning electron [17 clauser] microscopy (PhilipsPSEM 550 h) on samples prepared by a special method. The results of the study of platelet morphology in patients with MS and control group revealed a non-uniform pattern. The number of platelets in both groups being almost equal (249,6 ±â€¯8,3х109/l and 256,8 ±â€¯8,7х109/l respectively). Conclusion: The presented data provide strong evidence for changes in the morphofunctional state of peripheral blood platelets in patients with generalized marginal periodontitis of mild and moderate degree against the background of metabolic syndrome.