Conjunctival collagen crosslinking for the management of bleb leak.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of collagen crosslinking of filtering blebs with 0.1% riboflavin stimulated with ultraviolet A radiation in a case of a thin-walled filtering bleb with leakage following an episode of late blebitis. The time to cessation of the bleb leakage was studied, as well as the intraocular pressure, the visual acuity, and the presence of adverse effects during 4 years of follow-up after treatment. A single session of crosslinking was effective in resolving the leakage of the filtering bleb. There were no adverse effects. The intraocular pressure and the visual acuity remained stable after 4 years of follow-up. Collagen crosslinking with 0.1% riboflavin stimulated with ultraviolet A radiation may prove to be a simple, painless, non-invasive, and repeatable treatment of the leaking bleb with the aim of strengthening the collagen fibers of the conjunctiva and avoiding more invasive surgical treatments.

Anatomical and functional outcomes of Boston type I keratoprosthesis as primary penetrating corneal procedure in high-risk and non-high-risk cases.

PURPOSE: To analyze the anatomical and functional results of Boston type I keratoprosthesis (B1-KPro) as a primary corneal procedure in high-risk (HR) cases and non-high-risk (NHR) cases. METHODS: In this retrospective interventional case series, all patients who underwent B1-KPro at a single center between January 2006 and March 2021 were reviewed and identified. Cases were classified according to the primary diagnosis. Anatomical failure was considered in the case of prosthesis extrusion or phthisis bulbi. Functional failure was a postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) ≥ 1.3 LogMAR (≤ 0.05 decimal) at the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Twenty-three eyes were included for analysis. Thirteen eyes were classified as HR and 10 as NHR. The mean age was 46.5 ± 26.5 years (5-84 years) in the HR group and 49.5 ± 26.9 years (2-78 years) in the NHR group. The mean follow-up was 42.0 ± 35.9 months (1.5-118 months) in HR and 44.8 ± 38.8 months (1-107 months) in NHR. Three eyes in the HR and none in the NHR group showed anatomical failure. Functional failure was reported in 5/13 eyes in the HR and 8/10 in the NHR group. Functional cumulative survival probability was 92% and 82% for the HR group at 1 and 2 years, respectively. In the NHR group, it was 27% at both times. No significant differences were found between groups, except for functional survival in the HR group due to better visual potential of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: B1-KPro as a primary corneal procedure is a valid option for visual rehabilitation in high-risk cases.

A case report of isolated primary herpes-simplex virus neuroretinitis in an immunocompetent adult.

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (specifically HSV-1 and HSV-2) are greatly prevalent viruses that can cause conjunctivitis, keratitis and other rarer ocular disorders such as acute retinal necrosis syndrome or neuroretinitis. We report a case of an isolated unilateral neuroretinitis with primary HSV infection in an immunocompetent adult without other related clinical features. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with sudden painless central vision loss in her left eye (best corrected visual acuity was 20/200) showing optic disc edema, submacular fluid and a delayed development of a macular star. The macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a serous retinal detachment. Arterial hypertension or exposure to ionizing radiation were ruled out and the microbiological blood test battery was only positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM) for HSV-1 which allowed etiological treatment with oral valacyclovir. Complete resolution and good visual results were found within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present case of isolated neuroretinitis as a primary HSV infection in an immunocompetent patient was resolved with good functional results after valacyclovir treatment. Presence of HSV IgM in absence of other laboratory results could be enough evidence to start HSV treatment in immunocompetent patients with a macular star, as an isolated lesion, after ruling out other non-infectious causes, such as arterial hypertension or exposure to ionizing radiation. Rare infectious agents in immunocompetent patients must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neuroretinitis, even if there are no other typical symptoms or signs that could suggest the disease.

Surgical mobilization of an arterial embolus in cilioretinal artery occlusion.

We describe an effective surgical approach for the management of cilioretinal artery occlusion. A 23-G pars plana vitrectomy assisted with two soft tip cannulas was performed. One cannula pressed the cilioretinal artery branch directed toward the macula, distal to the location of the embolus, whereas the other cannula was used to gently swipe over the cilioretinal artery proximal to the occlusion. Anatomical and functional outcomes were evaluated by fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, Goldmann visual field, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). It was possible to mobilize the embolus by mechanical displacement with 23-G soft-tip cannulas and disintegrate it, preventing the passage toward the branch directed to the macula. Restoration of retinal circulation was confirmed by fluorescein angiogram. The patient recovered his previous documented BCVA and visual field. The described technique can be considered as a new possibility for achieving a solution to cilioretinal artery occlusion or any other retinal artery occlusion.

The use of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% as treatment for primary alacrimia in Allgrove syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose is to report a case on the use of cyclosporine A 0.05% for primary alacrimia in Allgrove syndrome or triple A syndrome (alacrimia, achalasia, and adrenal insufficiency). CASE DESCRIPTION: A 37-year-old man with achalasia treated surgically 11 years ago presented with sensation of a foreign body, irritation, and intermittent ocular redness for several years. Ophthalmological examination revealed bulbar hyperemia, Oxford grade 4 corneal staining, anisocoria, and optic atrophy. The patient was initially treated with washing with serum and lubricants. Due to the persistence of symptoms, treatment with cyclosporine A 0.05% was started observing a clinical improvement with a decrease in the symptoms caused by tear deficiency. CONCLUSION: It is important to emphasize the relevance of establishing an early diagnosis through a complete multidisciplinary clinical examination and a study of adrenal function. The treatment of dry eye in these patients is difficult to manage, with topical immunomodulators such as cyclosporine A as a good alternative when lubricants are insufficient. To our knowledge this is the first case of subjective and objective improvement of dry eye using cyclosporine A 0.05% in a case of alacrimia in triple A syndrome. Allgrove syndrome presentation does not always manifest with the classic triad and some symptoms may be not present at the time of diagnosis. Ophthalmologist and pediatrician should consider this syndrome in patients with symptoms as complex as lack of growth, crying without tears, and convulsions.