[Microdeletion 12p12 involving SOX5 gene: a new syndrome with developmental delay]. / Microdeleción 12p12 que incluye el gen SOX5: un nuevo síndrome con alteracion del neurodesarrollo.

INTRODUCTION: The SOX5 gene encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of chondrogenesis and the development of the nervous system. CASE REPORT: We report a 10 years-old girl with developmental delay, behavior problems and dysmorphic features of this new syndrome with developmental delay. She had a 12p12 deletion involving SOX5. CONCLUSIONS: We review the reported cases, intragenic SOX5 deletions and larger 12p12 deletions encompassing SOX5. We analyze the genotype-phenotype associations and the genes involved in our patient.

TITLE: Microdelecion 12p12 que incluye el gen SOX5: un nuevo sindrome con alteracion del neurodesarrollo.Introduccion. El gen SOX5 codifica un factor de transcripcion implicado en la regulacion de la condrogenia y el desarrollo del sistema nervioso. Caso clinico. Niña de 10 anos con discapacidad intelectual, alteracion conductual y malformaciones menores de este nuevo sindrome con alteracion en el neurodesarrollo, con una delecion 12p12 que incluye el gen SOX5. Conclusiones. Se revisan los casos publicados tanto de deleciones intragenicas de SOX5 como de deleciones mas grandes que incluyen este gen, y se analizan las correlaciones genotipo-fenotipo y los genes implicados en esta paciente.

Deletion 1q43-44 in a patient with clinical diagnosis of Warburg-Micro syndrome.

Warburg-Micro syndrome (WARBM) is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by microcephaly, microphthalmia, microcornea, congenital cataracts, optic atrophy and central nervous system malformations. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the RAB3GAP1/2 and RAB18 genes, part of the Rab family, and in the TBC1D20 gene, which contributes to lipid droplet formation/metabolism. Here we present a patient with clinical diagnosis of WARBM syndrome, who did not have mutations in either the RAB3GAP1/2 genes, in the main exons of RAB18, nor in the TBC1D20 gene. However, the analysis with CGH-array detected a 9.6 Mb deletion at 1q43-qter. We performed a genotype-phenotype correlation using 20 previously published patients in whom the coordinates of the deleted regions were defined. The comparative analysis revealed that the current patient and three of the other 20 patients share the loss of six genes, four of which are related with the family of G proteins, and are strongly expressed in the brain, retina, heart and kidney. Consequently, their haploinsufficiency may result in different combinations of clinical alterations, including some of those of WARBM syndrome. In addition, the haploinsufficiency of other genes may contribute to other defects and clinical variability. Additionally, for the genotype-phenotype correlation, one must also consider molecular pathways that can result in the observed alterations. To early confirm a genetic diagnosis is essential for the patient and family. The current patient was considered as having a recessive syndrome, but since he had a "de novo" deletion, there was not an increased recurrence risk.

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: follow-up on a Spanish series.

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL; NCL1, Haltia-Santavuori disease) is caused by mutations in the CLN1/PPT gene which are associated with an early onset INCL phenotype. The most detailed descriptions of INCL have come from Finland and a few series have been reported from southern European countries. Clinical course and follow-up of six Spanish patients with INCL are reported with the aim of assessing the chronological evolution and severity of this disease. The age at disease onset ranged from 8 to 15 months. Delayed motor skills were the initial symptom when the disease began before 12 months of age, and ataxia was the first sign when the disease began later. Cognitive decline, which is described between 12 and 18 months of age, occurred from 16 to 20 months of age. In our series early stage is characterized by motor impairment, cognitive decline and autistic features. Visual failure may appear simultaneously with the neurological symptoms, leading quickly to blindness. As reported, psychomotor regression appeared between 2 and 3 years of age. Myoclonic jerks occurred after 24 months of age and epilepsy was the last symptom of the disease. We report two novel mutations in a patient without epilepsy to date and describe the features of two siblings homozygous for the V181M (c.541G>A) mutation, associated with the most severe INCL phenotype. The clinical evolution might be helpful to identify patients affected by this rare disease. Early diagnosis is essential in order to provide genetic counselling to affected families. Our series may contribute to the study of the genotype-phenotype INCL correlation in the Mediterranean countries.

Probable transmission of brucellosis by breast milk.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis transmittable to humans. The transmission is mainly by consumption of unpasteurized milk or its products. Cases in the first year are very uncommon and other modes of transmission are responsible at this age. We report two children with brucellosis diagnosed at 7 and 2 months old where the probable way of transmission is the breast milk.