Validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry: REALD-29 PT.

BACKGROUND: Health literacy is a main factor in health for its improvement, allowing the individuals to have a greater capacity to engage and participate in collective health promotion actions. The evaluation of functional health literacy is essential to determine the ability that each individual has to understand basic health information. The present study aimed to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 to the Portuguese language and test the reliability and validity of this version. METHODS: After translation and cultural adaptation, the instrument was applied to a group of individuals that participate in the program Atividade Senior, developed by the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. The final sample was composed by 206 participants that accepted responding to the translated version of the instrument. Statistical validation was accomplished to complete the process and obtain the final instrument. One question was removed for the creation of the final instrument with 29 questions, therefore being named Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-29 PT. RESULTS: The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-29 PT presented good internal reliability. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.89 to 0.90 when words were deleted individually. The analysis of test-retest reliability revealed excellent reproducibility. We can verify that the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-29 PT scale for assessment of oral health literacy among older adults presents an acceptable internal consistency, with a global Cronbach´s alpha of 0.894. CONCLUSIONS: The new scale can be applied to assess oral health literacy among older Portuguese adults, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and is validated to assess oral health literacy and is crucial in epidemiological studies.

Blood and Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers Profile in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Periodontitis is the most prevalent inflammatory disease worldwide. Its inflammatory levels spread systemically, which can be associated with chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers have the potential to diagnose and correlate periodontitis and chronic kidney disease, helping to monitor systemic inflammation. Thereby, this study aimed to analyze the association between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis by conducting a biomarker analysis on blood and saliva. Material and methods: An electronic search through PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify clinical studies published in the last ten years, with no language restrictions. Twelve articles met all the inclusion criteria, two randomized controlled trials, one cohort study, and nine observational studies. Results: The studies included a total of 117 patients for saliva biomarkers, with a mean age of approximately 57 years old, and 56.68% of the subjects were female. After analyzing all the included studies, it was possible to verify the following biomarkers assessed: CRP, WBC, fibrinogen, IL-4 and -6, cardiac troponin T, NOx, ADMA, albumin, osteocalcin, cystatin C, PGLYRP1, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and hemoglobin. Conclusion: A direct cause-effect association between periodontitis and CKD could not be established. However, it was possible to conclude that there was a correlating effect present, through the analyzed biomarkers.

Anestésicos locales en odontología: valoración mediante pulsioximetría / Local anesthetics in dentistry: valuation by means of pulseoxymetry

Objetivos: Conocer la respuesta en el campo de la odontología de dos anestésicos locales que se utilizan habitualmente, como son la articaína y la lidocaína, así como los efectos adversos que se pudieran generar sobre el SNC, sobre los controles cardiocirculatorios y estructuras de la zona de infiltración. Pacientes: Se incluyeron en el estudio 264 pacientes distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos de 198 y 66 pacientes, que recibieron articaína y lidocaína respectivamente, cuyas edades estaban comprendidas entre los 19 y 56 años. Métodos: Los pacientes fueron controlados mediante un pulsioxímetro BPM 200 antes de iniciar el procedimiento, después de la anestesia, al comenzar la extracción y finalizada esta. La presión arterial se controló mediante tensiómetro digital OMRON M4-I. Los anestésicos utilizados fueron la lidocaína al 2 % con epinefrina y articaína al 4 % con epinefrina, ambos a una concentración de 1: 100.000. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el análisis de la varianza. Se analizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11 implementado para PC. El nivel de confianza fue del 80 % en la detección del riesgo relativo, con un rango de 1,84 o mayor, y de 0,54 o menor, para un nivel de significación de 0,05. Conclusión: La lidocaína como la articaína asociadas a epinefrina, pueden considerarse como anestésicos locales, adecuados y seguros en la práctica odontoestomatológica. Hay que tener singular cuidado en la utilización de estos anestésicos locales en pacientes hipertensos o con problemas cardiocirculatorios, por lo que sería conveniente el control con pulsioxímetro.

Objetives To know the answer in the field the odontolgy the two anesthetic premises that are used habitually, like are articaine and lidocaine, as well as the adverse effects that could be generated on the SNC, the cardiovascular controls and structures of the infiltration area. Patients: They were included in the study 264 distributed patients in a random way in two groups of 198 and 66 patients that received articaína and lidocaína respectively whose ages were between the 19 and 56 years. Methods: The patients were controlled by means of oximeter BPM 200 before beginning the procedure, after the anesthesia, when beginning the extraction and concluded this. The blood pressure was controlled by means of digital sphygmomanometer OMRON M4-I. The anesthetic ones used went lidocaine to the 2 % with epinephrine and articaine to 4 % with epinephrine, both to a concentration of 1: 100.000. The statistical analysis was made by means of the analysis of the variance. It was analyzed by means of the statistical package SPSS version 11 implemented for PC. The level of trust was of 80 % in the detection of the relative risk, with a range of the 1.84 or greater, one and of 0.54 or minor, for a level of significance of 0,05. Conclusión: Lidocaine like articaine associated to epinephrine, they can be considered as the local, adecuated and safe anesthetics in the dental practice. It is necessary to have singular taken care of in the use of these local anesthetics in hypertense patients or with cardiovascular problems, reason why the control with pulsioxymetry would be adecuated.

Resumo Objetivos: Para saber a resposta no campo o odontologia as duas premisoes anestésicas que são usadas habitualmente, como estão o articaine e o lidocaine, os efeitos adversos que poderiam ser gerados no SNC, os controles e as estruturas cardiovascular da área da infiltração. Pacientes: Foram incluídos nos pacientes distribuídos do estudo 264 em uma maneira aleatória em dois grupos de 198 e 66 pacientes que receberam o articaína e o lidocaína respectivamente cujas idades se realizavam entre os 19 e 56 anos. Métodos: Os pacientes eram controlados por meio do oxímetro BPM 200 antes de começar o procedimento, após o anestesia, ao começar a extração e concluído isto. A pressão de sangue era controlada por meio do sphygmomanometer digital OMRON M4-I. Anestésicos usados foram lidocaine aos 2 % com epinephrine e articaine a 4 % com epinephrine, ambos a uma concentração de 1: 100.000. A análise estatística foi feita por meio da análise da variação. Foi analisado por meio da versão estatística 11 do pacote SPSS executada para o PC. O nível da confiança era de 80 % na deteção do risco relativo, com uma escala do 1.84 ou mais grande, um e de 0.54 ou menor, para um nível de um significado de 0.05. conclusão conclusão: O lidocaine gosta do articaine associado ao epinephrine, podem ser considerados como anestésicos locais adequados e seguros na prática dental. É necessário ter cuidado tomado singular no uso destes anestésicos locais em pacientes da hipertensão ou com problemas cardiovasculares, raciocine porque o controle com pulsioximetria seria adequada.

Tratamiento de las lesiones dentales traumáticas: revisión bibliográfica actualizada / Treatment of traumatic dental injuries: an updated review of the literature

Los traumatismos dentarios son considerados como una urgencia dentro de la asistencia de la consulta dental, que deben ser tratados de inmediato. Las pautas recomendadas por la Asociación Americana de Endodoncistas, para el tratamiento de las lesiones dentales traumáticas, están pensadas para ayudar al odontoestomatólogo en el manejo y el tratamiento de lesiones dentales. La terapéutica traumatológica es una de las partes de la odontología que está en continua revisión y actualización. El objetivo al realizar este trabajo, fue dar a conocer las últimas recomendaciones publicadas por la Asociación Americana de Endodoncia respecto a las pautas de tratamiento de los traumatismos dentales

The dental traumatisms are considered as an urgency inside the attendance of the dental consultation that it should be treated immediately. The recommended guidelines of the American Association of Endodontists for the treatment of traumatic dental injuries are intended to aid the practitioner in the management and treatment of dental injuries. The traumatologic therapeutic is one of the parts of the dentistry that is in revision and upgrade continually. The objective carrying out this work, is to give to know the last recommendations came out by the American Association of Endodontists regarding the rules of treatment of the dental traumatisms.

Periodontal aspects in menopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy.

AIMS: Currently, an important number of women use HRT to control their hormonal problems during menopause. A large percentage of these have problems at periodontal level. The present study aims at examining the effects that menopause, due to a decline in the synthesis of hormones, mainly of estrogens, can cause on the oral dental health of such women; in particular on the characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium, checking whether characteristics such as gingival recession, pain, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket formation might permit physicians to evaluate the degree of bone loss in menopausal woman. PATIENTS: Menopausal women aged 40 to 58 years of age undergoing hormone replacement therapy that had gingival periodontal disturbances. The total population of the study comprised 210 patients, divided into two groups. One group received HRT administered in patches and the other group did not receive this therapy. METHOD: Gynecologic and odonto-stomatologic protocols were established for data collection. In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment a descriptive statistical study for sociodemographic variables, analysis of variance, McNemar's test and the Stuart-Maxwell test were performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 49.6 years. HRT acts as a protective factor in dental pain and improves tooth mobility and depth of the probing of periodontal pockets. With respect to the variable gingival recession, no significant results were found either for the group not receiving HRT or for the group being treated with patches. CONCLUSIONS: The response to the HR therapy in periodontal disease is probably due to the existence of estrogen receptors localized in the gingiva and in the periodontal ligament.

Consensus statement on antimicrobial treatment of odontogenic bacterial infections.

The infection of the oral cavity is a common public health problem and constant cause for antibiotic prescription, with 10% of antibiotics used to treat this problem. However, few studies have so far aimed to determine its incidence. Added to this, its relationship with certain sytemic diseases (cardiac, endocrine, etc) confers this pathology vital importance. In spite of the frequency and importance of odontogenic infection, the current dispersion in criteria regarding key aspects in classification, terminology and therapeutic recommendations is noticeable. The main objective of this document, compiled as a consensus statement by specialists in microbiology and odontology, is to establish useful recommendations for all of those involved in the clinical management of this pathology. Special attention has been placed on the rise in bacterial resistance observed over the last years, specifically the proliferation of betalactamase producing strains. Another important factor causing the resistance to appear is lack of therapeutic compliance, specially what regards dosage and treatment duration. Therefore, this pathology constitutes a complex problem which requires the instauration of broad spectrum antimicrobials, well tolerated and a convenient posology so that patients receive the adequate dose over the necessary period. High doses of amoxicillin/clavulanate (2000 mg/125 mg) have showed good results and power to overcome resistance. Other agents such as metronidazole and clindamycin, followed by de claritromycin and azithromycin have also proved to be active against most of microorganisms responsible for odontogenic infection.