[Investigation and analysis of acute poisoning of organic fluorine mixed gas in a fluorine polymerization plant].

In January 2021, an acute chemical poisoning incident occurred at a fluorine polymerization plant. Through the analysis of the occupational health situation of the enterprise, combined with the clinical manifestations of the poisoned patients and the laboratory examination results, it was determined that the incident was an acute poisoning incident caused by the inhalation of organic fluorine mixed gas in the fluorine polymerization plant. Subsequently, it was clarified that the accident was caused by the illegal operation of the employees of the fluorine polymerization plant, which caused the discharge of the organic fluorine mixed gas containing high concentration of octafluoroisobutene, resulting in the poisoning of the on-site construction personnel. In order to avoid the occurrence of similar incidents, enterprises should implement the main responsibility of safety production, regularly organize supervision and inspection, eliminate illegal operations, conduct safety education and training for the staff of the unit and outsourced staff, and improve the emergency rescue ability of sudden poisoning incidents.

Effectiveness of The Wikipedia Collaboration of Dental Schools' Training Programme: a new Paradigm for Teaching and Learning of Evidence-Based Dentistry.

BACKGROUND: The Wikipedia Collaboration of Dental Schools (WCODS) is a student-led initiative that aims to publish high quality scientific, evidence-based dental content on the Wikipedia online encyclopaedia by equipping its members to use research, critical appraisal and writing skills to create accurate content. In 2019, the Collaboration launched a standardised training programme developed by Wikimedia-trained committee members, academic dental school staff and the Cochrane Oral Health global community. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of this training programme in ensuring WCODS editors follow the processes underpinning Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD). METHOD: A cohort of dental students and staff (n=136) from six dental schools in the UK and Malaysia took part in a standardised and structured training programme at the annual WCODS training meeting. Participants' abilities and their perceived levels of confidence in carrying out critical analysis of the literature were measured using pre- and post-training surveys, and competency assessments. RESULTS: Participants' skills in conducting literature searches, critical appraisal of the findings and creating and editing a Wikipedia page improved after training. CONCLUSION: The training programme provided participants with the skill set and confidence to apply best practice to create and edit Wikipedia entries. This Collaboration intends to recruit more contributors to improve global oral health literacy using the free online Wikipedia encyclopaedia.

Hepatitis B virus infection among children of hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers in a Malaysian hospital.

INTRODUCTION: There have been no published data on the transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers in Malaysia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of all the children of HBsAg-positive mothers who delivered at the University of Malaya Medical Centre between 1993 and 2000. RESULTS: A total of 60 HBsAg-positive mothers and their 154 children participated in the study. HBsAg was detected in four children (2.6%) while IgG antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgG) was detected in seventeen children (11.0%). The mother's age at childbirth was significantly lower in the children with detectable HBsAg (22.5±6.1 years vs. 29.7±4.5 years, p=0.043) and anti-HBc IgG (26.6±6.1 years vs. 30.0±4.3 years, p=0.004). Children born in the 1980s were significantly more likely to have detectable HBsAg (18.8% vs. 0.7%, p=0.004) and anti-HBc IgG (37.5% vs. 8.0%, p=0.000) compared with those born later. All children with detectable HBsAg were born via spontaneous vaginal delivery, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin was either not given or the administration status was unknown. The majority of mothers with chronic HBV infection (70.4%) were not under any regular follow-up for their chronic HBV infection and the main reason was the lack of awareness of the need to do so (47.4%). CONCLUSION: Transmission of HBV infection among children of HBsAg-positive mothers in Malaysia is low. However, attention needs to be given to the high rate of HBsAgpositive mothers who are not on any regular follow-up.

Outbreak of Occupational Brucellosis at a Pharmaceutical Factory in Southeast China.

Brucellosis is an occupational disease affecting workers in butcher shops, the milking and dairy product industry, causing more than 500 000 new cases around the world. As a national statutory B infectious disease in China, morbidity of brucellosis is rapidly increasing in recent years. We report an occupational outbreak of brucellosis infection in a pharmaceutical factory. Exposure was a result of manual operation in the process line, close contact with sheep placentas, insufficient disinfection and repeated using of protective suits and infected by aerosol dissemination. Improved preventive methods, appropriate public health measures and spread of health education would be helpful to prevent the occupational outbreak of brucellosis in future.

Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM) among Study Population with Cardiovascular Risk; use and Substitution for Conventional Medicine in Pahang, Malaysia.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. There is evidence of high traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) use among population with cardiovascular risk and there have been anecdotal reports about substitution of conventional medicines with TCM. We investigated the prevalence of TCM use, treatment preference and substitution of conventional medicines in study population with cardiovascular risk factors in Pahang, Malaysia. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire in five districts of Pahang. A total of 1250 households were chosen through proportionate and systematic sampling. Respondents aged 18 years and above were selected. RESULTS: The study population with cardiovascular risk factors who used TCM was higher than the general population (31.7% versus 25.9%). There were no clear preferences in using TCM by gender, age groups, educational level and income even though other bumiputeras showed a slight inclination towards TCM use. Among the study population with cardiovascular risk factors who consumed TCM, 20-30% of them were using TCM as a substitute for their conventional medications. Respondents from the younger age group (18-40 years) (57.1%), highest educational level (43.2%), other bumiputeras (38.4%) and highest income group (31.4%) preferred the combination of both conventional and traditional medicine. CONCLUSION: TCM use among population with cardiovascular risk factors is high. The high preference for combination therapy of TCM and conventional medications among young adults and the use of TCM to substitute conventional medications show that much research is needed to provide proven TCM therapies to avoid self-mismanagement of cardiovascular risk in Malaysia.

Students' satisfaction with a dental summer programme and importance of influencing factors for choosing dentistry as their career.

AIM: To study the students' satisfaction with the week-long summer programme and the importance of common influencing factors (IFs) for choosing dentistry as their career. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaire was given to all 214 participants in July of 2011 and 2012. Demographic information including gender, age and education level was collected. The students were asked about their satisfaction with the programme with separate ratings for learning experiences, including hands-on workshops (HOW); clinic observations (CO); problem-based learning tutorials (PBL); and lectures (L). They also rated the relative importance of the ten common IFs. The Friedman test was used to study the order of their preferences of the programme's activities. The Chi-square test was used to study the influence of their demographic factors on the importance of the IFs. RESULTS: A total of 208 students returned their questionnaires. The majority were below the age of 18 (81%), and 44% were studying in an international school. Most of the students (96%) were satisfied with the programme overall. They liked the HOWs and COs more than the PBL tutorials and Ls. 'Altruism' and 'medical/health care career' were the two most important IFs overall. 'Altruism' and 'past experience with dentist' were considered more important by those aged 18 or above. 'Past experience with dentist' and 'working with hands' were considered more important by the international school students. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants were satisfied with the summer programme. They preferred practical, skill-based activities to knowledge-based activities. The importance of some IFs was associated with age and education system.

Radiographs in periodontal disease diagnosis and management.

Radiographs are an integral component of a periodontal assessment for those with clinical evidence of periodontal destruction. A close consideration of the current approach to periodontal diagnosis compatible with the current classification of periodontal diseases reveals that radiographs only inform with respect to diagnosis for a small proportion of conditions. The area in periodontal assessment in which radiographs play a pivotal role is in treatment planning. A variety of radiographic exposure types assist in the development of periodontal treatment plans. This "therapeutic yield" can be achieved by panoramic oral radiographs supplemented by selective intra-oral views. Digital panoramic oral radiographs viewed on screen appear to offer advantages over printouts or films. Newer imaging approaches, such as cone-beam computed (digital volume) tomography, may come to show some usefulness but experience has shown that digital subtraction radiography will probably remain a research tool without much clinical application.

Clinical and radiographic investigation of the adjunctive effects of a low-power He-Ne laser in the treatment of moderate to advanced periodontal disease: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adjunctive effect of a low-power He-Ne laser in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. BACKGROUND DATA: Laser applications in dental treatment are now more common in the literature. However, limited data are available on the potential effects of the low-power laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy for managing patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with probing pocket depth (PPD) > or =5 mm and comparable bone defects on both sides of the mouth were recruited. Supragingival plaque (PL), bleeding on probing (BOP), PPD, and probing attachment level (PAL) were recorded at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo, while gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples and standardized intra-oral radiographs for digital subtraction radiography were taken at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo. After non-surgical mechanical periodontal treatment, the test sites were selected randomly and irradiated with a low-power He-Ne laser (output power 0.2 mW) for 10 min for a total of eight times in the first 3-mo period, while the control sites received no additional treatment. RESULTS: PL percentage (83-16%) and BOP percentage (95-34%) decreased significantly after 12 mo. Statistically significant changes in reductions of PPD and GCF volume, gain in PAL, and increase in recession were seen in both test and control sites when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in any clinical parameters or radiographic findings were found between the test and control sites. Changes in GCF volume were significant only at 3 mo in the test sites. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this pilot study, the use of the low-power He-Ne laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis did not seem to provide additional clinical benefit.

Increasing incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: analysis of data from a national cohort.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Epidemiological evidence shows an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to assess the yearly incidence for this country during 1992-1996. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data obtained by telephone interviews of 93,484 diagnosed diabetic patients enrolled in Taiwan's National Health Insurance programme formed the basis of this study. A total of 36,153 incident cases of type 2 diabetes (17,097 men and 19,056 women) were identified and incidence rates calculated. The trends of obesity and parental diabetes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The overall 5-year incidences for men and women were 187.1 and 218.4 per 100,000 population, respectively. The trends from 1992-1996 were increased for all age groups in men and for most age groups in women. A 2.8-fold increase in incidence was observed for the youngest age group (<35 years), in which the increase in incidence was higher than in the older age groups. Men showed a higher fold increase in incidence than did women (3.5 vs 2.1). Obesity at interview increased from 39.2% in 1992 to 47.6% in 1996 (p<0.001) and was significant for all ages. Parental diabetes showed no yearly change when all patients were analysed together, but there was a trend towards a decrease in the youngest age group (<35 years) and a trend towards an increase in the oldest age groups (>/=55 years). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: An increasing incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes was observed for each sex in most age groups in Taiwan, but was most marked in the youngest age group. A parallel increase in obesity was observed with the increasing incidence of diabetes.

Hyperglycaemia and mortality of diabetic patients with candidaemia.

AIMS: To determine whether the degree of hyperglycaemia has an impact on in-hospital mortality in diabetic patients with candidaemia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 87 diabetic patients with candidaemia admitted between June 1995 and June 2003 was carried out at two medical centres. Patients were stratified into two groups: those with moderate hyperglycaemia (7 days post-candidaemia mean blood glucose < 13.9 mmol/l) and those with severe hyperglycaemia (7 days post-candidaemia mean blood glucose > or = 13.9 mmol/l). A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether the degree of hyperglycaemia was a significant predictor of mortality. RESULTS: During the follow-up period from admission till discharge, 34 (39.1%) patients had died. Nine (69.2%) of 13 patients with severe hyperglycaemia have died while 25 (33.8%) of 74 patients with moderate hyperglycaemia have died. Multivariate analysis identified three independent determinants of death; Apache II score > or = 23 [OR 8.1, 95% CI (2.6, 25.3), P = 0.0003], mean blood glucose levels 7 days post-candidaemia > or = 13.9 mmol/l [OR 6.8, 95% CI (1.2, 38.2), P = 0.03], and mechanical ventilation [OR 6.5, 95% CI (2.21), P = 0.03]. CONCLUSION: Severe hyperglycaemia is an important marker of increased mortality among hospitalized diabetic patients with candidaemia.

When the stork arrives unannounced - seven years of emergency deliveries in a non-obstetric general hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Emergency department deliveries are uncommon in the Singapore setting, but when they do occur, the emergency physician has to be able to deliver the child safely, perform neonatal resuscitation if needed, and try to prevent any birth trauma to the child or complications of delivery in the mother. We present our experience of emergency room deliveries spanning 7 years in a community hospital without obstetric or neonatal backup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case series. A search was made through our electronic medical records system for patients presenting in labour or with deliveries from March 1997 to October 2004. They were studied for demographic and social factors, gravidity and parity, as well as any complications (during birth and in the immediate post-delivery period) in both parent and child. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients presented to our emergency department with labour contractions, and 14 progressed to vaginal deliveries. Twelve were single mothers who had hidden their pregnancies, while another 2 married patients had unsuspected pregnancies. No neonate needed resuscitation or airway support, but there were 4 patients without episiotomy who sustained perineal tears, and another 2 patients in whom the placenta could not be delivered. A child (born to a single mother without antenatal care) had a low Apgar score, but improved with oxygen and suctioning. CONCLUSIONS: An emergency department in a non-obstetric hospital should have in place adequate preparations to cater for the occasional unexpected emergency delivery and the associated need for neonatal resuscitation. In our series, there was a high proportion of concealed (hidden) and "unaware" pregnancies presenting in labour. Prompt referral to a maternity hospital with neonatal care should be made for any complications.

Stroke Impact Scale-16: A brief assessment of physical function.

OBJECTIVES: To 1) develop a short instrument (Stroke Impact Scale-16 [SIS-16]) to assess physical function in patients with stroke at approximately 1 to 3 months poststroke using items from the composite physical domain of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) version 3.0, and 2) compare the SIS-16 and a commonly used disability measure, the Barthel Index (BI), in terms of their ability to discriminate disability. METHODS: A total of 621 subjects enrolled in the GAIN Americas randomized stroke trial were included in this study. Rasch analysis, which models the probability of a subject's response to an item using both subject ability and item difficulty, was used to construct the SIS-16, describe its properties, and compare its ordering and range of item difficulties to those of the BI. Box plots and analysis of variance were used to examine differences in BI and SIS-16 scores across modified Rankin categories. RESULTS: The study sample had an average age of 68 +/- 12.4 years and 56% were men. Stroke diagnoses were classified as minor in 91 patients (NIH Stroke Scale score [NIHSS] 0 to 5), moderate in 304 (NIHSS 6 to 13), and major in 226 (NIHSS >/= 14). Twelve of the original 28 items in the SIS version 3.0 composite physical domain were eliminated to produce the SIS-16, with a minimal loss of reliability. As compared to the BI, the SIS-16 contains more difficult items that can differentiate patients with less severe limitations, and therefore has less pronounced ceiling effects. SIS-16 scores were significantly different across Rankin levels 0 to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, whereas BI was significantly different only across Rankin levels 0 to 2, 3, 4, and 5. CONCLUSION: Compared to the BI, the SIS-16 is an excellent collection of items suitable for assessing a wide range of physical function limitations of patients with stroke at 1 to 3 months poststroke. Because of a less pronounced ceiling effect, the SIS-16 can differentiate lower levels of disability as compared to the BI.

Point mutation in the beta sheet of the HLA-C alpha2 domain generates a novel HLA-C allele, HLA-Cw*08012, in a Puyuma Aboriginal individual in Taiwan.

We report herein the identification of a new HLA-C allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-Cw*08012, was found in an Aboriginal individual from the Puyuma tribe in the southern part of Taiwan. This individual was typed by the SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*2402/2402, HLA-B*1502/4801, HLA-Cw*08011/08012, HLA-DRB1*15011/08032, HLA-DRB5*01011, and DPB1*0501/1401. This new allele differs from HLA-Cw*08011 in one of the nucleotides of the polymorphic exon 3 at codon 99 [TAT-->TAC; both code for tyrosine]. This residue is located in the beta sheet of the HLA-C alpha2 domain. This new allele was detected in a few individuals of the Puyuma tribe in Taiwan, but has not yet been observed in other populations in Taiwan.

Point mutation in the alpha helix of the HLA-C alpha2 domain generates a novel HLA-C allele,HLA-Cw*0106, in a Han Chinese individual in Taiwan.

We report herein the identification of a new HLA-C allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-Cw*0106, was found in a Han Chinese individual from Taiwan. This individual was typed using SBT as having a class I HLA genotype of HLA-A*0206/0207, HLA-B*4601/5601, and HLA-Cw*0102/0106. This new allele differs from HLA-Cw*0102 in one of the nucleotides of the polymorphic exon 3 at codon 152 (GAG-->GTG; E152V). This residue is located in the alpha helix of the HLA-C alpha2 domain and may have the potential to affect the binding of HLA-C molecules with antigenic peptides and/or the interactions with the T cell receptor. This new allele was detected in a few individuals of Han Chinese in Taiwan, but has not yet been observed in the aboriginal populations in Taiwan.

Three-dimensional cytomorphology in fine needle aspiration biopsy of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate three-dimensional (3-D) cytomorphology in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). STUDY DESIGN: ENAB was performed on tumors from five patients with MTC. The aspirate was stained and observed under a light microscope (LM). The aspirate was also fixed, dehydrated, critical point dried, spattered with gold ions and observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the specimen was fixed, dehydrated, embedded in an Epon mixture, cut with an ultramicrotome, mounted on copper grids, electron doubly stained with uranium acetate and lead citrate, and observed with TEM. Findings under SEM were correlated with those under LM and TEM. RESULTS: Under SEM, 3-D cytomorphology of MTC displayed a disorganized cellular arrangement with indistinct cell borders in three cases. The cell surface was uneven and had granular protrusions that corresponded to secretory granules observed under TEM. In one case with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIB, there were abundant granules on the cell surface. In one case of sporadic MTC with multinucleated tumor giant cells and small cells, granular protrusions also were noted on the cell surface. CONCLUSION: Granular protrusion was a characteristic finding in FNAB of MTC tinder SEM and might be helpful in the differential diagnosis.

New DR5 sequences: a novel DRB1*11122 allele identified in Paiwan tribe members of Taiwan and a corrected sequence for the DRB1*1201 allele.

We report herein the identification of a new DRB1 allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-DRB1*11122, was found in an aboriginal individual (SWP71) from the Paiwan tribe in the southern part of Taiwan. This individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*24021/24021, HLA-B*4001/4002, HLA-DRB1*11122/15011, HLA-DRB3*0202, and HLA-DRB5*01011. This new allele differs from DRB1*1112 in the polymorphic exon 2 only at codon 34 (CAA-->CAG; both specify glutamine) and from DRB1*1110 in the exon 2 sequence only at codon 32 (CAT-->TAT; H32T). The most likely candidate allele which is found in the aboriginal populations of Taiwan and which may mutate into this new allele is DRB1*11011. DRB1*11122 allele differs from DRB1*11011 allele in the polymorphic exon 2 at both codon 34 (CAA-->CAG) and codon 37 (TAC-->TTC; T37F). This novel HLA-DRB1*11122 allele was also found in another aboriginal individual (SWP90) from the same Paiwan tribe. This SWP90 individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*24021/24021, HLA-B*4002/5502, HLA-DRB1*11122/1201, and HLA-DRB3*01011/0202. However, the original DRB1*1201 sequence from HERLUFF was found to be erroneously reported and the corrected sequence from SWP90 is now presented herein.

Use of antihypertensive and antithrombotic medications after stroke in community-based care.

BACKGROUND: Secondary stroke prevention strategies include pharmacologic approaches to control hypertension and reduce thromboembolic risk. OBJECTIVE: To describe antithrombotic and antihypertensive medication use, and rates of blood pressure control in the Kansas City Stroke Study, a prospective stroke cohort receiving community-based care after primarily mild and moderate stroke. METHODS: Participants from 12 area hospitals provided information about medication use prior to stroke. Study personnel measured blood pressures at enrollment and at one, three, and six months, and collected medication data at six months during in-home assessment. RESULTS: Complete data at six months were available for 355 subjects with ischemic stroke, among whom 13% had atrial fibrillation and 67% had prior hypertension. Prior to stroke, only 45% of the patients were receiving any antithrombotic (anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet) therapy; this figure rose to 77% at six months. Antithrombotic treatment rates among those with atrial fibrillation were 59% before stroke and 83% at six months, including warfarin in 64%. Approximately 70% of subjects had controlled blood pressures one, three, and six months after stroke, defined as systolic blood pressure < or = 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure < or = 90 mm Hg. Use of multiple antihypertensive agents was common; calcium-channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were used most frequently. However, 19% of subjects with uncontrolled blood pressure were untreated at six months. CONCLUSIONS: Although room for improvement remains, these data suggest improved rates of antithrombotic and antihypertensive medication use after stroke in community-based care in a midwestern metropolitan community, compared with previous reports.

Polymorphism of human HLA-DRB1 antigens generated by genetic exchange between DR2 (DRB1*15011) and DR6 (DRB1*1405) alleles: a novel DRB1 allele (DRB1*1437) identified in a Paiwan tribe member of Taiwan.

We report herein the identification of a new DRB1 allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-DRB1*1437, was found in an aboriginal individual from the Paiwan tribe in the southern part of Taiwan. This individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*02011/0203, HLA-B*15011/3901, HLA-DRB1*11011/1437, HLA-DRB3*0202/0202, and HLA-DPB1*0501/1301. This new allele differs from DRB1*1309 in the 5'-end nucleotide sequence of polymorphic exon 2 at codon 16 (CAT-->CAA; H16Q), codon 37 (AAC-->TTC; R37F), codon 47 (TTC-->TAC; F47Y), and codon 58 (GCC-->GCT; both specify alanine). By sequence comparison, it was found that this new allele has a 5'-end sequence (from amino acid residues 7 to 66) identical to that found in the DRB1*1405 allele and a 3'-end sequence (from amino acid residues 58 to 94) identical to that found in the DRB1*15011 allele. Both DRB1*1405 and DRB1*15011 alleles have been identified among the Paiwan members (Note).

Predicting stroke recovery: three- and six-month rates of patient-centered functional outcomes based on the orpington prognostic scale.

OBJECTIVE: To provide recovery rates after stroke for specific functions using the Orpington Prognostic Scale (OPS). DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Hospital and community. PARTICIPANTS: 413 stroke survivors entered the study 3 to 14 days after suffering a stroke. MEASUREMENTS: A cohort of hospitalized stroke survivors were recruited 3 to 14 days after stroke and assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months poststroke for neurological, functional, and health status. Baseline OPS score was used to predict five functional outcomes at 3 and 6 months using development and validation datasets and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: In 413 stroke survivors, functional recovery rates at 3 and 6 months were similar. Baseline OPS predicted significant differences in recovery rates for all five outcomes (P < .0001 for all five outcomes at 3 and 6 months). Personal care dependence was present at 3 months in only 3% of persons with baseline OPS scores of 3.2 or less compared with over 50% with OPS of 4.8 or higher. Independent personal care, meal preparation, and self-administration of medication were achieved by 80% who had baseline OPS scores of 2.4 or lower compared with less than 20% when OPS scores were 4.4 or higher. Independent community mobility was achieved in 50% of those who had OPS scores of 2.4 or lower but only 3% of those with OPS scores of 4.4 or higher. The area under ROC curves assessing OPS scores against each of the five outcomes ranged from 0.805 to 0.863 at 3 months and 0.74 to 0.806 at 6 months. CONCLUSION: OPS scores can predict widely differing rates of functional recovery in five important functional abilities. These estimates can be useful to survivors, families, providers, and healthcare systems who need to plan for the future.