RESUMO
Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are at higher risk of developing silent cerebral infarcts and overt stroke, which may reflect cognitive impairment, functional limitations, and worse quality of life. The cognitive function of Brazilian adult SCD patients (n = 124; 19-70 years; 56 men; 79 SS, 28 SC, 10 S/ß0, 7 S/ß+) was screened through Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and correlated the results with possible predictive factors for test performance, including sociocultural, clinical, laboratory data and brain imaging. The Median MoCA score was 23 (8-30); 70% had a 25-or-less score, suggesting some level of cognitive impairment. There were no significant associations between MoCA results and any clinical or laboratory data in SS and SC patients; however, a significant correlation (P = 0.03) with stroke was found in HbS/ß-thalassemic patients. Correlations were further detected according to sociodemographic conditions, such as age (r = -0.316; P < 0.001), age at first job (r = 0.221; P = 0.018), personal (r = 0.23; P = 0.012) and per capita familiar incomes (r = 0.303; P = 0.001), personal (r = 0.61; P = 0), maternal (r = 0.536; P = 0), and paternal educational status (r = 0.441; P = 0). We further sought independent predictors of performance using multivariable regressions and increased education was an independent predictor of better scores in MoCA (0.8099, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.509-1.111). Brain imaging analysis showed significant and progressive atrophy in important cerebral areas related to memory, learning, and executive function. These data point to the high prevalence and impact of cognitive decline in adult SCD patients, mirrored in brain atrophic areas. It is also possible to observe the influence of sociodemographic conditions on patients' cognitive performances and the need for creating focused therapeutic plans that address these deficiencies. Moreover, the absence of a significant correlation of MoCA values with stroke in the SS and SC groups may be related to the worst sociocultural and economic conditions of the Brazilian African descent population, in which the impact of low educational stimulation on cognitive function can outweigh even the anatomical damage caused by the disease.
RESUMO
Arterial compression syndromes can be identified in asymptomatic individuals using specific diagnostic maneuvers involving palpation of peripheral pulses. OBJECTIVE: To identify diagnostic maneuvers positive for extrinsic compression in the upper and lower limbs of people who exercise regularly. METHODS: The sample consisted of people over 18 years old who had been attending a gym for a minimum of 1 hour per week and for at least 1 month. A data collection instrument comprising 20 questions was administered to the study participants, covering personal characteristics, the types of exercises engaged in and possible symptoms. The Adson, Hyperabduction and Costoclavicular maneuvers and also tests to reveal popliteal artery entrapment were performed. Data from the questionnaires and the maneuver results were analyzed using SPSS v.20.0. RESULTS: The study enrolled 202 volunteers who attended the gyms investigated, comprising 98 women and 104 men aged 18 to 63 (mean of 27 years). One hundred and seventy (84.2%) subjects were asymptomatic and 32 (15.8%) people reported some type of discomfort such as pain, paresthesia or a cool sensation. Ninety of the 202 individuals analyzed (44.6%) exhibited at least one positive maneuver. Total numbers of compressions per subject were as follows: two people (1%) had four positive maneuvers; 19 (9.4%) had three positive maneuvers; 31 (15.3%) had two positive maneuvers, 38 (18.8%) exhibited one positive maneuver and 112 (55 4%) people were positive for none of the maneuvers. The hyperabduction maneuver was the most prevalent maneuver. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic maneuvers positive for extrinsic arterial compression were identified in 44.6% of the asymptomatic individuals analyzed...
As síndromes compressivas arteriais podem ser identificadas em indivíduos assintomáticos por manobras semiológicas específicas, com a palpação dos pulsos periféricos. OBJETIVO: Identificar manobras semiológicas positivas para compressão extrínseca em membros superiores e inferiores em indivíduos que realizam regularmente musculação. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de pessoas maiores de 18 anos que frequentaram, por pelo menos um mês, no mínimo uma hora por semana, a academia. Os participantes da pesquisa preencheram um questionário de 20 questões que abordava características pessoais, exercícios praticados e eventuais sintomas. Foram realizadas as manobras de Adson, Hiperabdução, Costoclavicular e para aprisionamento da artéria poplítea. Os resultados dos questionários e das manobras realizadas foram avaliados com o programa computacional SPSS v.20.0. RESULTADOS: foram incluídos no estudo 202 voluntários que frequentaram as academias escolhidas, sendo 98 mulheres e 104 homens, com idade entre 18 e 63 anos (média de 27 anos). Cento e setenta (84,2%) indivíduos eram assintomáticos e 32 (15,8%) referiram algum tipo de desconforto, como dor, sensação de esfriamento ou parestesia. Dos 202 indivíduos avaliados, 90 (44,6%) apresentaram alguma das manobras positivas. Com relação ao número de compressões, dois indivíduos (1%) apresentaram quatro manobras positivas; 19 (9,4%), três manobras; 31(15,3%), duas manobras; 38 (18,8%), uma manobra, e 112 (55,4%), nenhuma. A manobra de hiperabdução foi a mais prevalente dentre as manobras realizadas. CONCLUSÃO: foram identificadas manobras semiológicas positivas para compressão extrínseca arterial em 44,6% dos indivíduos assintomáticos avaliados...