Total cerebellar agenesis: A case report of a very rare condition.

Complete cerebellar agenesis is an extremely rare condition characterized by the complete absence of cerebellar tissue. Only a small number of cases have been reported, with varying motor and cognitive deficits. We describe a case of an 11-month-old baby with developmental delay, whose CT scan evaluation showed the complete absence of the cerebellum with no other associated cerebral malformation.

Erratum to "Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report." [Radiol Case Rep 2021;16(3):480-2].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.12.013.].

Annular pancreas: Radiological features of a rare case of infantile vomiting.

Our purpose is to illustrate the radiological aspects of the annular pancreas as an etiology of duodenal obstruction in infants. We report the case of a 4-month-old girl, who was admitted to our department with postprandial vomiting evolving since birth. The initial examination found a severely dehydrated patient. Abdominal ultrasound showed gross dilatation of the stomach and duodenum, it also showed pancreatic tissue surrounding the duodenum, suggesting a diagnosis of annular pancreas as the cause of the duodenal obstruction. Post-contrast abdominal CT showed the gastric and duodenal dilatation, and a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounding uncompletly the second portion of the duodenum. The patient underwent a bypass surgery which consisted in a duodeno-duodenostomy with simple post-operative follow-up and no recurrence of digestive symptoms. Annular pancreas is a rare pathology to be sought in neonatal obstruction. A good knowledge of radiological semiology is essential for a good diagnostic approach. However, surgery is the only effective way to diagnose and treat this pathology.

Posterior mediastinal teratoma presenting as an abdominal mass in a child: A case report.

We report the case of a 2.5-year-old child admitted for abdominal distension, whose imaging revealed a large posterior mediastinal cystic mass, with a tissue component, a calcification, and a minimal fat component. The ultrasound- guided biopsy led to the diagnosis of a benign extragonadal germ cell tumor, also called mature teratoma or dermoid cyst, whose mediastinal localization is rare, often localized in the anterior mediastinum, and rarely in the posterior mediastinum. The mainstay of treatment is complete surgical excision.

[Unusual localisation of rare primary skin carcinoma: a case report]. / Une localisation inhabituelle d'un carcinome primitif cutané rare: à propos d'un cas.

Adnexal carcinomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of skin carcinomas. Sclerosus carcinoma of the sweat glands was first described by Goldstein et al. in 1982. We here report the case of a 33-year-old female patient with a retracted perianal skin lesion. Histological examination of perilesional skin biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and negative results of laboratory tests, radiological and endoscopic investigations allowed for the diagnosis of eccrine sclerosus carcinoma. This is a rare tumor, usually characterized by facial localization and slow but aggressive progression. It poses problems in differential diagnosis with benign and malignant tumors; hence the challenge encountered by pathologist of suspecting this carcinoma in patients with any sclerotic and infiltrating skin lesion characterized by slow progression, in a context of preservation of the general state and in the absence of neoplastic history as well as of feeling free to ask for new deep biopsies when in doubt.

Primary hydatid cyst of adrenal gland: Case report.

The hydatid disease is an anthropozoonose caused in humans by a larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. Adrenal gland is a rare and unsymptomatic site. We illustrate the case of a 46-year-old patient, admitted for left hypochondrial pain with back radiation. The CT reveals a multiloculated, cystic mass on the left adrenal gland, which contains septae and a calcified wall.

Hemangioma of the maxillary sinus: A benign and rare cause of epistaxis.

Hemangioma of the facial sinuses is a rare pathology, and given the lack of clinical specificity, the differential diagnosis with a malignant lesion often arises. We report the case of a 32-year-old patient who consulted for recurrent epistaxis of moderate severity. The preoperative diagnosis of a hemangioma of the left maxillary sinus was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data, confirmed by the anatomopathological study of the surgical specimen, preceded by an embolization that facilitated the endoscopic surgical excision.

Intracranial bifocal germinoma.

Primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare, often affecting children and young patients. Germinomas are the most common type of germ cell tumors. We present the case of a 10-year-old child, who was admitted with decreased visual acuity, asthenia, polyuro-polydipsic syndrome, and gait disorder. His biological assessment showed an hypocortisolemia and diabetes insipidus. Imaging found a bifocal process in the suprasellar and pineal region, suggestive of a bifocal germinoma. Imaging data and the positivity of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the cerebrospinal fluid were in favor of the diagnosis of bifocal germinal tumor confirmed by biopsy. Currently the patient is hospitalized in pediatric oncology department. The diagnosis of germ cell tumors is based on imaging, tumor marker assays, and biopsy. They are treated by radiation therapy alone or in combination with reduction chemotherapy, and surgery for tumor residues. The location of the tumor usually makes surgery difficult.

Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as a brown tumor in the mandible: A case report.

A brown tumor is a non-neoplastic lesion resulting from an abnormality of bone metabolism in the context of hyperparathyroidism. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who initially consulted for edentulism and a growing mandibular mass. She benefited from a radiological and biological assessment which made the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism combined with a parathyroid adenoma. We remind through this observation the difficulty to establish a correct diagnosis in patients with an osteolytic process of the maxilla and the necessity to look for hyperparathyroidism in front of a giant cell lesion given the insidious character of this endocrinopathy.

Pleural thymoma: A rare cause of pleural mass. About one case.

Thymoma is a rare tumor arising from the epithelium of the thymus gland and is usually located in the anterior mediastinum. Ectopic thymoma is very rare and can be located in the neck, trachea, lung, and pleura. Through this manuscript, we report a rare case of a 50-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea and recurrent pleural effusion. Her computed tomography of the thorax showed a unilateral left pleural mass. Biopsy of the pleural mass confirmed the diagnosis of pleural thymoma and she was started on chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported pleural thymoma in our region.

Atypical esophageal granular cell tumor: Case report.

Esophageal granular cell tumors (GCTs), or also called Abrikossoff's tumor are rare benign tumors originating from Schwann cells most commonly found in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and tongue. Approximately 5% -8% arise in the gastrointestinal tract, and one-third of these tumors arise in the esophagus [1]. This neoplasm has a benign behavior usually, but there have been described a malignant transformation in 2% -3% of the cases. Herein, we discuss a case of a 70-year-old male patient with no pathological background, admitted for dysphagia evolving in 3 months that was explored with endoscopy and CT, the diagnosis at this level was challenging but the histopathology and Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of granular cells thus confirm the diagnosis. The purpose of our work is to report the uncommon evolution of an Abrikossoff 's tumor located in the esophagus, as a warning of the possible malignant transformation of this tumor mostly benign; also we made a review of the literature.

Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm presenting as an incidental mediastinal mass: A rare finding.

Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm is very rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. The clinical presentations are varied, ranging from an incidental radiological finding to a cataclysmic rupture leading to hemorrhagic shock. Thus, a quick treatment is indicated upon diagnosis. Therapeutic options are various including surgical resection, stent grafting with percutaneous embolization of feeding vessel or transtarterial embolization. Herein we describe a case of an incidental mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm in a 63-year-old man, managed by transtarterial embolization.

Pilomatrixoma mimicking a breast neoplasm: imaging finding in an uncommon case report.

Pilomatrixoma is a rare benign skin tumor originating from piliferous follicles, corresponding to a firm subcutaneous nodule requiring histology for diagnosis. Breast localization is considered to be very rare . Only few breast pilomatricomas have been reported, with imaging showing well defined nodules with microcalcifications, presenting as ACR BI-RADS 4 and 5, suspicious for a breast neoplasm . We report a case of pilomatrixoma of the left breast of a 33 year old woman, appearing as a firm, deep nodule in the lower outer quadrant.The lesion had mammographic and sonographic finding mimiking a breast cancer. Percutaneous biopsy was performed to confirm the histological diagnosis.

Proliferative myositis: case report and review of the literature.

Proliferative myositis is a rre benign pseudosarcomatous inflammatory process that rapidly grows in muscles. Its clinical and radiological features may, however, simulate a malignant tumor. We report ultrasound and MRI appearances of a 63 years-old woman with no significant anterior pathological history presented to our radiology department with two weeks history of a painful mass in the left musculus latissimus dorsi, increasing progressively in size, without history of recent trauma. This study describes the imaging features of these pseudo inflammatory process, which may help to suggest the diagnosis, but the imaging finding are variable and nonspecific. However, histopathological examination is usually recommended to confirm the diagnosis. In our case, the final diagnosis was proved by ultrasound-guided biopsy. We also review the imaging features of this entity in the current literature.

Perineal and pelvic aggressive angiomyxoma: Imaging finding in an uncommon case report.

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare benign and locally invasive mesenchymal tumor that is found most frequently in women at reproductive age. We report typical CT and MRI appearances of a 36-year old young woman with an aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis and perineum that was proved by ultrasound guided biopsy.This study describe the imaging features of theses tumors,wich may help to approch the diagnosis by their distinctive imaging with high signal intensity on T2-weighted image related to the myxomatous stroma and their characteristic of swirling or layering internal pattern after intravenous gadolinium contrast administration.We also review the CT and MRI features of this disease in the current literature.

Repeated intravenous thrombolysis in early recurrent stroke secondary to carotid web: Case report.

Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the first effective approved treatment for reducing ischemic stroke disability, and having a stroke within 3 months is usually a contraindication to thrombolysis. In this paper, we describe the case of a 58-year-old patient who received repeated intravenous thrombolysis at 10 days interval for a recurrent ischemic stroke, with dramatic improvement. The carotid diaphragm was behind this recurrent stroke and it was treated by stenting.

Optic nerve tuberculoma in an immunocompetent patient: Case report.

Optic nerve tuberculoma is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation of mycobacterial infection. It is usually associated with HIV infected patients. Due to its clinical polymorphism, the diagnosis and management of the disease either in immunocompetent patients and immunocompromised ones remains challenging. Herein, we discuss a case of a 32-year-old patient with no history of immunodeficiency admitted for multifocal tuberculosis with a reduced visual acuity as an extra-pulmonary manifestation, and radiologically revealed the presence of tuberculoma in the optic nerve in the cerebral MRI.

Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerged pandemic disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). Initially the mortality of this infection are related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but several publications also showed that this infection caused an inflammatory response with severe systemic complications [1]. Venous thromboembolism has been shown to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, both in the general inpatient and in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and even in patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation [2]. We report the case of an adult patient who presented a cavernous sinus thrombosis during his hospitalization for COVID-19.

[Horse tail syndrome revealing spinal-medullary hydatid disease]. / Syndrome de la queue de cheval révélant une hydatidose vertébro-médullaire.

Hydatid disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by the larval stages of the genus Echinoccus granulosus in humans. It mainly occurs in subjects living in the rural and livestock areas in the Mediterranean basin, South America, Near and Middle East. Spinal hydatid disease is rare but it is the most severe form of bone hydatid disease. It mostly affects the dorsal spine, increasing the risk of spinal injury; hence its severity. We here report the case of a 60-year-old female patient admitted with progressive bilateral, poorly systematized, paralyzing lumbar radiculopathy associated with urinary urgency. MRI showed lumbar spinal hydatid disease infiltrating the intra and extra-ductal structures and compressing the roots of the horse tail. The patient underwent surgery through a posterior approach with favorable outcome.

[Small bowel volvulus complicating common incomplete mesentery in an adult: a case report]. / Imagerie du volvulus du grêle sur mésentère commun incomplet chez un adulte: rapport de cas.

Emergency diagnosis of small bowel volvulus can be established in patients with acute intestinal obstruction, or even shock, or repeated abdominal pain often associated with motility disorders. This is a life-threatening complication of common incomplete mesentery, which is defined as an intestinal malrotation occurring very rarely in adults. Clinical symptoms are non-specific, hence the importance of knowing the radiological features, in particular scannographic features of this rare entity, thus enabling early therapeutic management. We here report the case of a 65-year-old patient admitted with total small bowel volvulus complicating common incomplete mesentery, diagnosed based on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and confirmed at surgery, who had favorable outcome.