Fetal biometry and amniotic fluid volume assessment end-to-end automation using Deep Learning.

Fetal biometry and amniotic fluid volume assessments are two essential yet repetitive tasks in fetal ultrasound screening scans, aiding in the detection of potentially life-threatening conditions. However, these assessment methods can occasionally yield unreliable results. Advances in deep learning have opened up new avenues for automated measurements in fetal ultrasound, demonstrating human-level performance in various fetal ultrasound tasks. Nevertheless, the majority of these studies are retrospective in silico studies, with a limited number including African patients in their datasets. In this study we developed and prospectively assessed the performance of deep learning models for end-to-end automation of fetal biometry and amniotic fluid volume measurements. These models were trained using a newly constructed database of 172,293 de-identified Moroccan fetal ultrasound images, supplemented with publicly available datasets. the models were then tested on prospectively acquired video clips from 172 pregnant people forming a consecutive series gathered at four healthcare centers in Morocco. Our results demonstrate that the 95% limits of agreement between the models and practitioners for the studied measurements were narrower than the reported intra- and inter-observer variability among expert human sonographers for all the parameters under study. This means that these models could be deployed in clinical conditions, to alleviate time-consuming, repetitive tasks, and make fetal ultrasound more accessible in limited-resource environments.

Bilobed testicle diagnosed by ultrasound in a 9-year-old boy.

Bilobed testis is an extremely rare congenital malformation, and even rarer on the right side. Only 7 cases have been reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 9-year-old boy with a right bilobed testicle confirmed on ultrasound and discovered incidentally as a mass on physical examination. The aim of our work is to consider the bilobed testicle as a differential diagnosis of a testicular mass despite its rarity and to show the importance of ultrasound and MRI for its definitive diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery.

[Septo optic dysplasia plus: about a case]. / Dysplasie septo optique plus: à propos d'un cas.

Septo optic dysplasia plus is a rare disease seen in children. Its diagnosis is radiological, based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report the case of a child aged 2 years and 4 months, with no particular pathological history; who consulted for psychomotor retardation, strabismus and low vision behavior. An endocrine biological assessment exploring the hypothalomo-pituitary function was carried out, revealing no abnormality. The diagnosis of septo-optic dysplasia plus was retained on the brain MRI data, in front of the agenesis of the septum pellucidum and of the splenium of the corpus callosum, the hypoplasia of the optic pathways and of the pituitary stalk as well as in front of the agenesis of the posterior pituitary. It was associated with a closed schizencephaly. Septo-optic dysplasia is a rare congenital malformation. Our objective is to recall its semiology in imaging and to underline the importance of MRI to establish the diagnosis. Septo-optic dysplasia is a rare clinical entity typically involving midline brain abnormalities, optic nerve hypoplasia, and pituitary insufficiency. The association with cortical malformations such as schizencephaly and polymicrogyria denotes the term septo-optic dysplasia plus. Advances in imaging currently allow early diagnosis, which is essential for adequate management. Antenatal ultrasound may suspect dysplasia, and brain MRI confirms the diagnosis.

[False aneurysm of the palmar arch in a child: a case report]. / Faux anévrysme de l´arcade palmaire chez un enfant: à propos d´un cas.

Superficial pseudoaneurysms of the palmar arch is a rare disorder and only a few cases have been described in the literature. In the majority of cases it develops after artery lesion following penetrating injury, previous surgery or arterial puncture. Diagnosis is based on strong clinical suspicion, especially in patients with pulsatile mass. We here report a case of false aneurysm of the superficial palmar arch following broken glass injury in a 3-year old child.

[A rare cause of mechanical occlusion in children: a case report]. / Cause rare d'occlusion mécanique chez l'enfant: à propos d'un cas.

Gastrointestinal (GI) bezoars are aggregates of undigested material found in the GI tract. Trichobezoar is the most common type of bezoars and consists of ingested hair, carpet fibers or fitted carpet fibers. They are mainly located in the gastric region, rare forms extend to the duodenum or small intestine and are described as Rapunzel syndrome. Typical CT imaging features play a diagnostic and prognostic role. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl hospitalized for occlusive syndrome due to trichobezoar.

Morel-Lavallee Syndrome: A Rare Tumefactive Lesion.

First described by the French surgeon Maurice Morel-Lavallee in 1853, Morel-Lavallee syndrome (MLS) is a serolymphatic effusion resulting from tangential injury to richly vascularized tissues. The imaging characteristics may be variable over time due to lesion progression and the eventual organization of a fibrous capsule. We report a case of extensive MLS in the lower leg of a 12-year-old child. We discuss the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings and describe the differential diagnoses. LEARNING POINTS: The diagnosis of Morel-Lavallee syndrome is based on clinical examination and imaging techniques.The post-traumatic context is important for diagnosis.Morphological aspects depend on lesion progression and the eventual organization of a fibrous capsule.

[Sturge-Weber syndrome: about a case]. / Le syndrome Sturge-Weber: à propos d'un cas.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalofacial angiomatosis is a rare neurocutaneous and congenital ocular syndrome. It can cause two malformations: congenital facial capillary planar angioma and leptomeningal venous-capillary angioma (most often parieto-occipital homolateral angioma). Neuroimaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plays an important role in the diagnosis, ideally before the occurrence of neuro-ocular complications. We report the case of a child in whom SWS was suspected based on facial angioma and pharmaco-resistant epilepsy.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a rare entity in children.

Solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) constitute 0.2 to 2.7% of non-endocrine primary tumors of the pancreas and comprise the majority (70%) of pediatric pancreatic neoplasms. These tumors are of unclear pathogenesis, low malignancy and favorable prognosis. Surgical resection offers an excellent chance for longterm survival, even in the presence of distant metastasis. The objective of this study is to review our experience in the management of SPT in a 12 years old girl at the pediatric hospital of the University hospital of Casablanca, in Morocco and provide an update on current management in pediatric population.