Birdlife, a tourist attraction for the southern portion of Bacalar Lagoon, Quintana Roo, Mexico.

The Bacalar Lagoon (BL) in Quintana Roo, Mexico; is an area of high interest due to its tourist potential. However, the changes in landuse patterns, urbanization, extensive cattle ranching and rapidly expanding agriculture, have generated negative impacts on areas of adjacent plan communities and wildlife habitats. The objective of this study has to evaluate the level of vegetation conservation in the southern portion of the BL through the avifauna present in sites with contrasting degrees of conservation. Additionally, change "and their habitat preference(s) in the different communities" to and their habitat use preferences in the different communities. To evaluate the level of conservation of the BL, field visits and botanical collections were carried out to identify species. For the counting and identification of birds, monthly surveys were made through coastal tours along the cenote Xul-ha in 2.5 km transects. Four transects were established: two for sites characterized as semi-conserved and two with disturbed sites. A total richness of 40 taxa was observed, which corresponds to 8.1% of the Quintana Roo avifauna and 32% to wetland birds (125 species). The species accumulation curves indicated that semi-conserved and disturbed sites tend to reach asymptotes and with a coverage percentage greater than 90%. In terms of diversity and community structure, no significant differences were observed. However, the semi-conserved and disturbed sites each have 11 unique species and share 18 species. The LB has an intermediate diversity of bird species compared to studies at the Mexican level, the habitat is important for the conservation of birdlife; as it functions as a reservoir of diversity. Strategies has been suggested that promote sustainable tourism, support the restoration of natural vegetation; and facilitate the economic development of the region.

Behavioral Responses and Pupa Development Patterns After Hypoxia or Anoxia in a Desiccation-Resistant Anastrepha ludens Strain.

The aim of this study was to experimentally test for adult cross-resistance to hypoxia or anoxia in a desiccation-resistant population of Anastrepha ludens Loew. We compared desiccation resistant flies with unselected (control) flies by measuring the effect of pre-emergence hypoxia on some fitness parameters (emergence, flight ability, copulation success, latency to copulation, copulation duration, ovary size). Anoxia effects were determined using eye color changes during pupa development and fly emergence after re-oxygenation. Both strains were negatively affected in all measured parameters when exposed to hypoxia for more than 48 h. However, after hypoxia, control flies showed, in general, shorter latency to mate and longer copula duration than desiccation-resistant flies. Anoxia-induced arrest of pupa development, whereas returning to normoxia conditions induced resumption of development. Anoxia period length (longer than 72 h) increased mortality to 100% in the control line, whereas the desiccation-resistant line survived even at 120 h of anoxia. Thus, pre-release hypoxia must not exceed 24 h in order to maintain insect quality independently of fly type.