SEIS: Insight's Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars.

By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars' surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking's Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼ 2500 at 1 Hz and ∼ 200 000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars' surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of M w ∼ 3 at 40 ∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Iterative algorithm to improve the separating power on coded-aperture images.

A hard x-ray/medium energy gamma-ray telescope is being developed using coded-aperture imaging. The image recorded on the detector has to be cross correlated to deconvolve the sky map. This map suffers from blurring due to the spatial resolution of the position sensitive detector and to the simple point spread function of the cross-correlation method. We have developed and tested an iterative method which improves the separating power of the reconstructed maps. The results and limits of the method are discussed.

Resolution of strong sources for a gamma-ray telescope using coded aperture imaging.

A hard x-ray/medium energy gamma-ray telescope is being developed using coded aperture imaging. The image recorded on the detector has to be cross correlated to deconvolve the sky map. We have developed a deconvolution method using the 2-D discrete Fourier transform, whose goal is to improve the separating power of these reconstructed maps. The results and limits of the method are discussed.

[A comparative study of standard electroencephalographic techniques and telemetry (author's transl)]. / Apport de la télémétrie en e.e.g. comparée a celle de l'e.e.g. standard.

The authors have used radio-telemetry to perform long duration studies and to study the variations in cerebral electrical activity. They presented a quantitative study of the distribution of paroxysmal activity in the epileptic, based on an experimental observation and confirmed as a result of the methods used. They were able to show a relationship between the severity and temporal distribution of paroxysmal activity which was confirmed statistically. Further observations were made on the distribution and onset of epileptic discharges but more detailed analysis is required before general electrophysiological conclusions can be made.