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1.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 77(3): 144-154, 2024 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38296537

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of gram-negative pathogens isolated from 4,789 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Of the collected specimens, 1,325 (27.7%) tested positive for gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii (38.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.7%), Escherichia coli (5.6%), and Klebsiella aerogenes (3.5%) were the most prevalent isolates. AMR analysis revealed high resistance rates (79.9%-100%) of A. baumannii isolates to multiple classes of antibiotics except amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and colistin. P. aeruginosa displayed low resistance to colistin (< 10%) but high resistance to other antibiotics. K. pneumoniae displayed high resistance rates of 90.0%-100.0% to most penicillins, whereas resistance rates were notably lower for colistin (7.1%) and amikacin (16.7%). K. aerogenes exhibited high resistance to various antibiotics and sensitivity to amikacin (95.1%), ampicillin (100.0%), and colistin (100.0%). E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (96.9%) and maximum sensitivity to several antibiotics. Our study identified significant AMR trends and highlighted the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains (93.6% for K. aerogenes and 69.1%-92.4% for other isolates). These findings emphasize the urgent need for appropriate antibiotic management practices to combat AMR in gram-negative pathogens associated with LRTIs.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Hospitais de Ensino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Respiratórias , Humanos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vietnã/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Criança , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pré-Escolar , Lactente
2.
Kidney Int ; 102(1): 45-57, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35483529

RESUMO

Paired box 2 (Pax2) is a transcription factor essential for kidney development and is reactivated in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) during recovery from kidney injury. However, the role of Pax2 in this process is still unknown. Here the role of Pax2 reactivation during injury was examined in the proliferation of PTECs using an ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model. Kidney proximal tubule-specific Pax2 conditional knockout mice were generated by mating kidney androgen-regulated protein-Cre and Pax2 flox mice. The degree of cell proliferation and fibrosis was assessed and a Pax2 inhibitor (EG1) was used to evaluate the role of Pax2 in the hypoxic condition of cultured PTECs (O2 5%, 24 hours). The number of Pax2-positive cells and Pax2 mRNA increased after IRI. Sirius red staining indicated that the area of interstitial fibrosis was significantly larger in knockout mice 14 days after IRI. The number of Ki-67-positive cells (an index of proliferation) was significantly lower in knockout than in wild-type mice after IRI, whereas the number of TUNEL-positive cells (an index of apoptotic cells) was significantly higher in knockout mice four days after IRI. Expression analyses of cell cycle-related genes showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was significantly less expressed in the Pax2 knockout mice. In vitro data showed that the increase in CDK4 mRNA and protein expression induced by hypoxia was attenuated by EG1. Thus, Pax2 reactivation may be involved in PTEC proliferation by activating CDK4, thereby limiting kidney fibrosis.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Fibrose , Rim/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia
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