RESUMO
Snakebite in children can often be severe or potentially fatal, owing to the lower volume of distribution relative to the amount of venom injected, and there is potential for long-term sequelae. In the second of a two paper series, we describe the pathophysiology of snakebite envenoming including the local and systemic effects. We also describe the diagnosis and management of snakebite envenoming including prehospital first aid and definitive medical and surgical care.
Assuntos
Mordeduras de Serpentes/diagnóstico , Animais , Antivenenos , Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Primeiros Socorros , Humanos , Mordeduras de Serpentes/terapia , SerpentesRESUMO
Snakebite disproportionally affects children living in impoverished rural communities. The WHO has recently reinstated snakebites on its list of Neglected Tropical Diseases and launched a comprehensive Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming. In the first of a two paper series, we describe the epidemiology, socioeconomic impact and key prevention strategies. We also explore current challenges and priorities including the production and distribution of safe and effective antivenom.
Assuntos
Elapidae , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologia , Mordeduras de Serpentes/prevenção & controle , Viperidae , Adolescente , África/epidemiologia , América/epidemiologia , Animais , Ásia/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Doenças Negligenciadas , Oceania/epidemiologia , Pobreza , Mordeduras de Serpentes/economia , Mordeduras de Serpentes/terapiaRESUMO
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of under-five mortality globally. In Kenya, the reported prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in single-centre studies has varied widely. Our study sought to determine the prevalence of RSV infection in children admitted with ARI fulfilling the WHO criteria for bronchiolitis. This was a prospective cross-sectional prevalence study in five hospitals across central and highland Kenya from April to June 2015. Two hundred and thirty-four participants were enrolled. The overall RSV positive rate was 8.1%, which is lower than in previous Kenyan studies. RSV-positive cases were on average 5 months younger than RSV-negative cases.
