Retropubic tape surgery for stress urinary incontinence: can women be cured without voiding dysfunction?

PURPOSE: Retropubic tension free vaginal tape (RP-TVT) has become the gold standard for surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence but is associated with voiding dysfunction (VD). We developed for more than 10 years a reproductible and totally tension free tape procedure. Our goal is to determine efficiency of this technique compared to the incidence of VD. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent RP-TVT in our center between 2011 and 2019. Subjective cure, VD (determined as maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) < 15 mL/s or post void residual (PVR) volume > 150 mL, or tape's section or resection requirement for underactive bladder (UB) with significant PVR) was assessed at 1 year. The main objective was the evaluation of subjective cure and VD at 1 year. RESULTS: On the 319 patients reviewed, 93% of the patients were dry and 10.9% presented VD at one year. UB (OR = 5.01 [1.55-16.44], p = 0.008), preoperative Qmax < 15 mL/s (OR = 0.89 [0.84-0.95], p = 0.001) and previous incontinence surgery (OR = 4.20 [1.54-11.46], p = 0.005) were associated with VD. Acute urinary retention concerned 4.7% of the population and all were resolved after 6 weeks postoperatively. We reported 0.3% of de novo urgency and patients without VD showed a significant decrease of their voiding time at 1 year. CONCLUSION: The placement of RP-TVT without intraoperative tightening seems to be a safe technique ensuring a high cure rate and low occurrences of bladder outlet obstruction.

Photodynamic cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis and for NMIBC follow-up: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, bladder cancer detection is based on cytology and cystoscopy. White light cystoscopy (WLC) is an invasive procedure and may under-detect flat lesions. Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) and narrow band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy are new modalities that could improve the detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and its recurrence or progression to muscle invasive bladder cancer. We present a systematic review on BLC and NBI cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis and NMIBC follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All available systematic reviews and meta-analyses on cystoscopy published in PubMed® between May 2010 and March 2021 were identified and reviewed. The main endpoints were clinical performance for bladder cancer diagnosis and for recurrence or progression detection during NMIBC follow-up, and additional value compared with cytology and/or WLC. RESULTS: Most of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews published suggest a better sensitivity of BLC and NBI cystoscopy compared to WLC, particularly for the detection of flat lesions (CIS). NBI- and BLC-guided TURBT could decrease the recurrence rates. However, their clinical utility to reduce progression rate and increase survival is still unclear. CONCLUSIONS: BLC and NBI cystoscopy are efficient techniques for bladder cancer diagnosis and NMIBC follow-up. However, their clinical benefit remains to be confirmed.

[De novo or secondary metastatic prostate cancer management in France: Observational study from "sentinel multidisciplinary meeting" of the French Association of Urology]. / Prise en charge des cancers de la prostate métastatiques synchrones et métachrones en France : étude observationnelle à partir des « RCP sentinelles ¼ de l'AFU.

INTRODUCTION: Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is an heterogeneous disease. Metachronous mPCa (MM) seems to have a better prognosis than synchronous mPCa (SM). However, it is difficult to analyze their specificities from national registries. Data from the so-called "sentinel multidisciplinary meeting" (SMDM) would represent a "real life" data collection. The objective of this national pilot study was to evaluate the concept of SMDM through the description and comparison of the diagnosis, management and follow-up of patients with synchronous or metachronous mPCa in 2018. METHODS: A survey covering clinical, biological, radiological data as well as treatment initiated and follow-up at 3 and 6 months was sent to the SMDM. All patients diagnosed with metastatic disease (SM or MM) between 01/01/2018 and 11/30/2018 were included. RESULTS: In total, 780 patients from 39 centers were included, 408 SM and 372 MM. SM were more symptomatic and had a higher metastatic burden than MM. PET were mostly performed in MM without a prior standard staging. SM patients received more chemotherapy than MM patients whereas new generation androgen deprivation therapy was mostly given to MM patients. At 6 months, there were no more significant difference in clinical presentation between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Specificities of SM and MM patients in terms of clinical presentation, metastatic burden and management were described, validating the concept of SMDM as a source of reliable informations.

Impact of carcinoma in situ on survival of patients treated by adjuvant chemotherapy after cystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Factors predicting response to adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) are required to identify patients who will most benefit from it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of carcinoma in situ (CIS) at radical cystectomy (RC) on recurrence free survival (RFS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of patients treated by AC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was performed on patients who received AC after RC without pre-RC chemotherapy or trimodal therapy. RESULTS: Among the 150 patients analyzed, 52,7% had CIS on the RC specimens. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the CIS negative and positive groups. Most patients received a cisplatin-based AC (74%). The median follow-up of the cohort was 36,4 months. The presence of CIS was not significantly associated to disease-recurrence (OR=0.67; 95%CI=0.35-1.29; P=0.23), cancer related death (OR=0.70; 95%CI=0.36-1.33; P=0.27) or death by any cause (OR=0.80; 95%CI=0.42-1.52; P=0.50). The presence of CIS had no significant impact on RFS (HR=0.86; 95%CI=0.56-1.33; P=0.49), CSS (HR=0.85; 95%CI=0.53-1.36; P=0.50) or OS (HR=0.93; 95%CI=0.60-1.45; P=0.74). CONCLUSION: The presence of CIS on RC specimens did not have an impact on survival of patients treated by AC. CIS could be evaluated as a prognostic factor of response to novel adjuvant regimens such as immunotherapy.

The impact of carcinoma in situ in ureteral margins during radical cystectomy: A case-controlled study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The presence of carcinoma in situ (Cis) in association with bladder cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the prognosis associated with the presence of Cis in ureteral margins (CUM) during radical cystectomy has been poorly defined. To assess the prognosis associated with the presence of Cis in ureteral margins in patients with pM0 bladder cancer who have not undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted between 2001 and 2016 using data from one academic center in France. From 1,450 radical cystectomies, 122 patients (case) who had CUM were matched according to age, sex, pTNM stage and urinary diversion method with a population sample of 122 patients (controls) who did not have Cis in ureteral margins during radical cystectomy. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier using a (95%) CI. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to test the effect of CUM on cancer-specific survival. Recurrence-free survival was defined as a recurrence of urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The mean follow-up period was 55.43 ± 39.6 months. The rate of Cis in the bladder in the CUM cases group was evaluated at 11.47%. The median overall and specific survival was inferior in the CUM cases group estimated at 43.3 [35.33-56.93] months, 52.43 [42.16-68.93] months respectively compared to the control group with a significant difference (P= 0.001, P= 0.0039). The cumulative probability of urothelial recurrence-free survival was decreased in the case group compared with the control group (63.9% vs. 92.6%, P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis shown that urothelial recurrence was associated with CUM [(P <0.001), (HR adjusted =11.31), (95% CI): (3.38-37.77)] and the macroscopic appearance of the ureter (thickened, dilated) [(P= 0.003), (HR adjusted =4.62), (95% CI): (3.31-8.84)]. CONCLUSION: CUM is a poor prognostic factor that impacts cancer-specific survival and Recurrence-free survival. The presence of CUM has been independently associated with a significant increase in the risk of urothelial recurrence, and a decrease in both overall and specific survival. This supports the use of frozen section analysis to complete radical cystectomy without CUM.

[French ccAFU guidelines - update 2020-2022: prostate cancer]. / Recommandations françaises du Comité de cancérologie de l'AFU ­ actualisation 2020­2022 : cancer de la prostate.

OBJECTIVE: - The purpose of the guidelines national committee ccAFU was to propose updated french guidelines for prostate cancer. METHODS: - A Medline search was achieved between 2018 and 2020, as regards diagnosis, options of treatment and follow-up of prostate cancer (PCA), and to evaluate the different references specifying their levels of evidence. RESULTS: - The guidelines outline the genetics, epidemiology and diagnosis of prostate cancer, as well as the concepts of screening and early detection. MRI, the gold standard imaging test for localized cancer, is indicated before prostate biopsies are performed. The therapeutic methods are detailed and indicated according to the clinical situation. Active surveillance is a reference therapeutic option for low-risk tumours with a low evolutionary risk. Early salvage radiotherapy is indicated in case of biological recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the backbone therapy in the metastatic stage. Docetaxel in combination with ADT improves overall first-line survival in synchronous metastatic prostate cancer. In this situation, the combination of ADT with abiraterone is also a standard of care regardless of tumor volume. Recent data indicate that ADT should be indicated with a new generation of hormone therapy (Apalutamide or Enzalutamide) in metastatic synchronous or metachronous patients, regardless of tumour volume. Local treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy improves survival in synchronous oligometastatic patients. Targeted treatment of metastases is being evaluated. In patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), new therapies that have emerged in recent years help to better control tumor progression and improve survival. CONCLUSION: - These updated french guidelines will contribute to increase the level of urological care for the diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer.

Reasons for intravesical instillation postponement during adjuvant treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Intravesical instillations for adjuvant treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may be postponed of necessity. However, the frequency and reasons for postponement are unclear. MATERIALS: We carried out a prospective, epidemiological study in an Urology department of the Île-de-France, between August 2016 and March 2017, to determine the frequency and reasons for postponement of intravesical instillations during adjuvant treatment of NMIBC. One-hundred consecutive patients treated by intravesical instillations of mitomycin C (MMC) or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were included. At each session and in case of instillation postponement, the medical team completed a specially designed questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 541 instillations were performed in the 100 patients. Twenty-four instillations (4.4%) were postponed in 19 patients. The major cause of postponement was an untreated positive urine analysis and culture (UAC) in 13/24 (54%) cases. The causes of cancellation did not differ significantly between MMC and BCG. The most frequently cancelled instillations were the first in the therapeutic protocol in 26% of cases. The number of instillations preceding those cancelled did not differ significantly between MMC and BCG (2.1±2.0 instillations for MMC vs. 1.5±1.6 for BCG; P=0.64). CONCLUSIONS: There was a low rate of postponed instillations (4.4%). The main reasons, namely an untreated UAC and a positive dipstick test, based on the jurisprudence, are not included in the latest CC-AFU guidelines. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[Usefulness of frozen section exams during radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma]. / Utilité des examens extemporanés lors de la cystectomie totale pour carcinome urothélial.

AIM: To determine the usefulness of the frozen section exams of lymph nodes dissection, ureteral and urethral section during radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma and define the impact on the surgical procedure. METHOD: A retrospective, single-center study of data collected from 182 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for an cT=3bN0M0 urothelial bladder cancer between 2016 and 2018. Bladder cancer extension was determined by thoracoabdominal CT with contrast enhancement and urography and an 18-FDG PET scanner. No patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The diagnostic performance of the frozen section exams was related to final examinations. The impact of the result on the initial intervention was determined. RESULTS: The frozen section were positive in 29 lymph nodes dissections (15.9 %), 59 (16.6 %) ureteral and 20 (10.9 %) ureteral recessions. With lymph nodes exams, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 93.5 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 98.7 %, respectively. With ureteral sections exams the same values were 91.5 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 98.4 % respectively. With urethral section exams, all the values were of 100 %. Finally, all the procedure has been modified for all patients with positive frozen section exam except one positive urethral section that did not give rise to radical urethrectomy. CONCLUSION: Frozen section exams were useful to the urologist during radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma. The performances of the frozen section exams carried out were excellent. The information of the urologist of the positive frozen section leeds to modify its management during the intervention in all the studied cases with the exception of one case.

[12-year history of radical surgery indications for the treatment of prostate cancer]. / Évolution sur 12 ans des indications de prostatectomie totale pour cancer.

AIM: To analyze the indications of radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection retained during the last 12 years in an academic surgical center in the Paris region in order to ensure their adequacy in relation to the current clinical guidelines. METHOD: Monocentric retrospective study of prospectively collected data, between 2007 and 2019. Analysis of the clinical and pathological characteristics which were taken into account during multidisciplinary meeting discussion for the treatment decision, and comparison of their evolution over the four 3-year period corresponding to the clinical guideline updates. RESULTS: Two thousand eighty-eight consecutive patients treated by radical prostatectomy between 16/03/2007 and 17/03/2019 were included. The proportion of patients classified as low, intermediate or high risk according to D'Amico system was 13.2%, 80.8% and 6.0% respectively. An increase in the frequency of surgical treatment of high-risk cancers has been observed. At the same time, there has been a decrease in the frequency of prostatectomies to treat low-risk cancers. CONCLUSION: The indications for radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection have evolved in line with the current clinical guidelines which were taken into consideration in a onco-urological multidisciplinary meeting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

RETRACTED: Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l'AFU ­ Actualisation 2018­2020 : cancer de la prostate French ccAFU guidelines ­ Update 2018­2020: Prostate cancer / Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l'AFU ­ Actualisation 2018­2020 : cancer de la prostate.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). Cet article est retiré de la publication à la demande des auteurs car ils ont apporté des modifications significatives sur des points scientifiques après la publication de la première version des recommandations. Le nouvel article est disponible à cette adresse: DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007. C'est cette nouvelle version qui doit être utilisée pour citer l'article. This article has been retracted at the request of the authors, as it is not based on the definitive version of the text because some scientific data has been corrected since the first issue was published. The replacement has been published at the DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.007. That newer version of the text should be used when citing the article.

[Does the delay from prostate biopsy to radical prostatectomy influence the risk of biochemical recurrence?] / Le delai entre biopsies de prostate et prostatectomie radicale influence-t-il le risque de recidive ?

INTRODUCTION: The influence of the delay between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy for patients with localized prostate cancer is controversial. The objective of this study was to establish a time limit between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy beyond which the risks of upgradging and biochemical recurrence (BCR) are increased. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2013 and January 2017, a retrospective analysis of the clinical, biological and histological data of 513 patients treated with radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer was performed in a single center. The primary endpoint was the assessment of the risk of BCR by the difference between post-biopsy USCF-CAPRA and post-surgical CAPRA-S scores. The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of the upgrading by the difference between the Gleason score on biopsy and on surgical specimen. The risks of BCR and upgrading were compared by Student test according to different delays between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy. The shortest delays for which a significant difference was found were reported. RESULTS: In this study, 513 patients were included. The median age at the time of the biopsy was 65 years (IQR: 60-69). The median preoperative PSA was 7.30ng/mL (IQR: 5.60-9.94). The median time between biopsy and surgery was 108 days (IQR: 86-141). For the entire cohort, the risk of BCR was significantly higher above a threshold of 90 days (P=0.039). No threshold was found for Gleason 6(3+3) patients. A 90-day threshold was found for Gleason 7(3+4) patients (P=0.038). Gleason patients≥8 had more upgrading beyond a 60-day threshold (P=0.040). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that after a 3 months delay, the risk of BCR was significantly higher for localized prostate cancer. It seemed possible to extend this period for low-risk patients, whereas it seemed necessary to keep it for intermediate-risks and to reduce it to 2 months for high-risks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

[French ccAFU guidelines - Update 2018-2020: Prostate cancer]. / Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l'AFU ­ Actualisation 2018­2020 : cancer de la prostate.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the guidelines national committee ccAFU was to propose updated French guidelines for prostate cancer. METHODS: A Medline search was achieved between 2016 and 2018, as regards diagnosis, options of treatment and follow-up of prostate cancer, and to evaluate the different references specifying their levels of evidence. RESULTS: Epidemiology, classification, staging systems, diagnostic evaluation of prostate cancer are reported. Disease management options are detailed. Recommandations are reported according to the different clinical situations. Active surveillance is a major option in low risk PCa. Radical prostatectomy remains a standard of care of localized PCa. The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is the technical standard. A dose of≥76Gy is recommended. Moderate hypofractionation provides short-term biochemical control comparable to conventional fractionation. In case of intermediate risk PCa, radiotherapy can be combined with short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In case of high-risk disease, long-term ADT remains the standard of care. ADT is the backbone therapy of metastatic disease. In men with metastases at first presentation, upfront chemotherapy combined with ADT should be considered as a standard. In this situation, the combination of ADT and abiraterone acetate also becomes a new standard. In case of metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC), new hormonal treatments and chemotherapy provide a better control of tumor progression and increase survival. CONCLUSION: These updated French guidelines will contribute to increase the level of urological care for the diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer.

[PET/CT and biochemical recurrence of prostate adenocarcinoma: Added value of 68Ga-PSMA-11 when 18F-fluorocholine is non-contributive]. / TEP/TDM et récidive biologique d'adénocarcinome prostatique : apport du 68Ga-PSMA-11 lorsque la 18F-fluorocholine n'est pas contributive.

INTRODUCTION: Since April 201, we have introduced PET/CT using a ligand of prostate-specific membrane antigen labeled with gallium-68 (PSMA-11). We aimed to evaluate its positivity rate and impact in patients presenting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer whose 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT was non-contributive. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Patients were prospectively included between April and December 2016. PET/CT was performed 60min after injection of 2MBq/kg of body mass of 68Ga-PSMA-11. Three anatomical areas were considered: prostatic lodge, pelvic lymph nodes and distant locations. The impact of PSMA-11 PET/CT was assessed by comparing changes in therapeutic strategy decided during multidisciplinary meeting. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included. The mean PSA serum level measured on the month of the PSMA-11 PET/CT was 2,8ng/mL. Twenty-five (76%) PSMA-11 PET/CT were positive, 7 (21%) negative and 1 (3%) equivocal. Of 11 patients whose FCH PET/CT showed equivocal foci, PSMA-11 PET/CT confirmed those foci in 5 cases. Follow-up was available for 18 patients (55%). PSMA-11 PET/CT results led to a change in management in 12 patients (67%). CONCLUSION: 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT is useful in detecting recurrence of prostate cancer, by identifying residual disease which was not detected on other imaging modalities and by changing management of 2 patients out of 3. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

The use of bisphosphonates in the management of bone involvement from solid tumours and haematological malignancies - a European survey.

Bone metastases in patients with solid tumours (ST) and bone lesions in patients with haematological malignancies (HM) are common. Associated skeletal-related events (SREs) cause severe pain, reduced quality of life and place a burden on health care resources. Bone-targeted agents can reduce the risk of SREs. We evaluated the management of bone metastasis/lesions in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) by an observational chart audit. In total, 881 physicians completed brief questionnaires on 17 193 patients during the observation period, and detailed questionnaires for a further 9303 individuals. Patient cases were weighted according to the probability of inclusion. Although a large proportion of patients with bone metastases/lesions were receiving bisphosphonates, many had their treatment stopped (ST, 19%; HM, 36%) or will never be treated (ST, 18%; HM, 13%). The results were generally similar across the countries, although German patients were more likely to have asymptomatic bone lesions detected during routine imaging. In conclusion, many patients who could benefit from bone-targeted agents do not receive bisphosphonates and many have their treatment stopped when they could benefit from continued treatment. Developing treatment guidelines, educating physicians and increasing the availability of new agents could benefit patients and reduce costs.

[CCAFU french national guidelines 2016-2018 on prostate cancer]. / Recommandations en onco-urologie 2016-2018 du CCAFU : Cancer de la prostate.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the guidelines national committee CCAFU was to propose updated french guidelines for localized and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: A Medline search was achieved between 2013 and 2016, as regards diagnosis, options of treatment and follow-up of PCa, to evaluate different references with levels of evidence. RESULTS: Epidemiology, classification, staging systems, diagnostic evaluation are reported. Disease management options are detailed. Recommandations are reported according to the different clinical situations. Active surveillance is a major option in low risk PCa. Radical prostatectomy remains a standard of care of localized PCa. The three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is the technical standard. A dose of > 74Gy is recommended. Moderate hypofractionation provides short-term biochemical control comparable to conventional fractionation. In case of intermediate risk PCa, radiotherapy can be combined with short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In case of high risk disease, long-term ADT remains the standard of care. ADT is the backbone therapy of metastatic disease. In men with metastases at first presentation, upfront chemotherapy combined with ADT should be considered as a new standard. In case of metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC), new hormonal treatments and chemotherapy provide a better control of tumor progression and increase survival. CONCLUSIONS: These updated french guidelines will contribute to increase the level of urological care for the diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[Predictive factors and prognostic consequences of perioperative complications of radical cystectomies for urothelial carcinoma in patients of 80 years or more]. / Facteurs prédictifs et conséquences pronostiques des complications périopératoires lors des cystectomies totales pour carcinome urothélial chez des patients de 80ans ou plus.

OBJECTIVE: To define the predictive factors and the prognostic consequences of perioperative complications occurrence while radical cystectomies for urothelial carcinoma treatment in patients older than 80 years. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective analysis of clinical and biological preoperative data and outcome of eighty patients of 80 years or more, treated with radical cystectomy between 1990 and 2010 in one centre. Perioperative complications were graded according to the classification from Clavien-Dindo. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (35%) had a single perioperative complication and nineteen (24%) had multiple (≥2) perioperative complications. Overall survival of patients with multiple perioperative complications was significantly lower than that of patients who had no complications (Log-rank P=0.0004). The occurrence of multiple perioperative complications was associated with Charlson and ASA scores, with pelvic irradiation and induction chemotherapy histories. However, in multivariate analysis, only the existence of respiratory comorbidity was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of multiple perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of multiple perioperative complications was associated with reduced overall survival in elderly patients after radical cystectomy. The existence of respiratory comorbidity was the only independent risk factor for the occurrence of multiple perioperative complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

[Assessment of the optimization of the conditions of mitomycin C intravesical instillation completion in the setting of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment]. / Évaluation de l'optimisation des conditions de réalisation des instillations endo-vésicales de mitomycine C dans le traitement des tumeurs de vessie non infiltrant le muscle.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of intravesical instillation of mitomycin C (MMC) requires alkalinisation and concentration of urine before each instillation. The objective of the study was to assess compliance and effectiveness of urine alkalinazation and fluid restriction protocols in patients treated with intravesical instillations of MMC for TVNIM. MATERIAL ET METHOD: Descriptive prospective epidemiological study in all patients consecutively treated with intravesical instillations of MMC for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients should be advised to drink 2 liters of water from Vichy and to perform fluid restriction the day before the instillations. Before each instillation, a questionnaire on the implementation of these measures was filled, density and pH were determined by urinalysis strips. RESULTS: On 126 questionnaires fulfilled, 117 patients (93%) and 106 patients (84%) reported having made alkalinization and fluid restriction, respectively. Ninety-one of patients (78%) reported having performed alkalinization had a pH greater than or equal to 6.5 and the mean urinary pH was 6.94 vs. 5.94 in patients stating not to have made alkalizing (P=0.0001). No significant differences in urine density according to fluid restriction was found. CONCLUSION: The observance of the instructions regarding urine alkalinization before MMC instillations was satisfactory and has achieved a sufficiently high urinary pH to prevent degradation of the product in 91% of cases. Conversely, the fluid restriction was not followed closely and has not shown its effectiveness on the concentration of urine.