Proximal balloon-guided catheter with flow inversion vs. distal filter protection during the carotid stent placement, a seven years experience in a Colombian reference center.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The carotid stent placement as a therapeutic option for carotid stenosis has been increasing among years; therefore, studies are required to evaluate the security and efficacy of its materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distal filter and the proximal balloon-guided catheter with flow inversion as protection devices during carotid angioplasty and stenting. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational study of patients diagnosed with carotid stenosis treated with angioplasty between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2020; we analyzed a radiology service database to compare the distal filter and the proximal balloon-guided catheter as protection devices during angioplasty. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-five angioplasties were performed, the distal filter was the most prevalent embolic protection device used (66%), patients baseline characteristics did not differ between groups with different embolic protection devices, except for history of dyslipidemia (p < 0.000). As well, we did not find any significant differences between the groups in the device related complications, intervention time (p = 0.140), unrelated complications (p = 0.693) and functional independence at 90 days (p = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS: In our study the proximal balloon-guided catheter and the distal filter protection device as protection devices during the carotid stenting didn't show significant differences regarding complications related to the system.

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Santiago del Estero, Argentina: identification of parasites by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymes

Estudos de diagnostico, caracterizacao parasitaria e identificacao foram conduzidos em pacientes humanos com lesoes cutaneas de leishmaniose na Provincia de Santiago del Estero, no norte da Argentina. Os procedimentos de diagnostico foram: biopsias de lesoes para utilizacao em esfregacos e inoculacao em hamster; aspiracao (com agulha) de ulceras, para cultura "in vitro". As tecnicas a IFAT-IgG e o teste intradermico de Montenegro. Oito cepas de parasitas foram isoladas, sendo estas obtidas de pacientes com lesoes ativas...

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Santiago del Estero, Argentina: identification of parasites by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymes.

Diagnostic and parasite characterization and identification studies were carried out in human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in Santiago del Estero, Northern Province of Argentina. Diagnostic procedures were biopsies of lesions for smears and inoculations in hamster, needle aspirations of material from ulcers for "in vitro" cultures. Immunodiagnostic techniques applied were IFAT-IgG and Montenegro skin test. Primary isolation of eight stocks of leishmanial parasites was achieved from patients with active lesions. All stocks were biologically characterized by their behaviour in hamster, measurements of amastigote and promastigotes and growth "in vitro". Eight stocks were characterized and identified at species level by their reactivity to a cross-panel of sub-genus and species-specific Monoclonal Antibodies through an Indirect Immunofluorescence technique and a Dot-ELISA. We conclude from the serodeme analysis of Argentina stocks that: stocks MHOM/AR/92/SE-1; SE-2; SE-4; SE-8; SE-8-I; SE-30; SE-34 and SE-36 are Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Three Leishmania stocks (SE-1; SE-2 and SE-30) did not react with one highly species-specific Monoclonal Antibody (Clone: B-18, Leishmania-(Viannia) braziliensis marker) disclosing two serodeme group patterns. Five out of eight soluble extracts of leishmanial promastigotes were electrophoresed on thin-layer starch gels and examined for the enzyme MPI, Mannose Phosphate Isomerase; MDH, Malate Dehydrogenase; 6PGD, 6 Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; NH, Nucleoside Hydrolase, 2-deoxyinosine as substrate; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; GPI, Glucose Phosphate Isomerase and ES, Esterase. From the isoenzyme studies we concluded that stocks: MHOM/AR/92/SE-1; SE-2; SE-4; SE-8 and SE-8-I are isoenzymatically Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. We need to analyze more enzymes before assigning them to a braziliensis zymodeme.

Lack of sensitivity of sister-chromatid exchange for lymphocyte chromosomal damage detection caused by antichagasic treatment.

No studies exist on sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) formation in chagasic patients therapeutically exposed to nifurtimox (NFX) or benznidazol (BZ). In the present study SCE was analyzed in cultures of peripheral lymphocytes of patients aged 11 months to 11 years treated with NFX 12-15 mg/kg/d for 60 days or with BZ 5 mg/kg/d for 30 days. Chagasic patients before treatment constituted a control group. A mean of 30 metaphases were examined for each individual. All treated patients compared with untreated controls did not show a significant increase in SCE frequency. Compared with the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in these patients and others belonging to the same epidemic protocol, SCE seems to be less sensitive in the detection of lymphocyte chromosomal damage caused by NFX or BZ.

Thirteenfold increase of chromosomal aberrations non-randomly distributed in chagasic children treated with nifurtimox.

Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed from cultures of peripheral lymphocytes in 2 groups of chagasic children, before and after treatment with nifurtimox. The mean incidence of chromosomal aberrations increased from control values of 1.75 +/- 1.39 (8 patients) to 23.55 +/- 9.55 (6 patients) at a significance of P less than 0.0001. G-banding analysis of chromosomal aberration sites revealed that treated patients present coincidence in the chromosome regions affected: 1p11, 1q11-12, 9q11-13, 17q11-21, 2p21, 2q23, 2q31, 2q33, 6p21, 6p21, 7q32, 13q14, 13q22, 15q22. These data indicate a non-random distribution of chromosomal aberrations induced by nifurtimox therapeutic treatment.

Dynamics of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of Argentina. IV. Serologic, parasitologic and electrocardiographic study of the human population.

A serologic and electrocardiographic study was carried out in people living in 18 households in La Invernada (LI), Departamento Figueroa, and in 20 houses in Amamá (A), Departamento Moreno, both in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Serological tests performed were indirect hemagglutination (IHAT) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT). Complement fixation, direct agglutination and ELISA tests were also done for those sera, showing discordant results for either IHAT or IFAT. All people in LI and children up to 12 years old in A were studied by xenodiagnosis. Approximately 50% of the whole population was infected (50% in LI and 50.9% in A) and a similar prevalence rate was already recorded in children below 10 years. A moderate increase of infection rates was observed in successively older age groups, indicating that most of the people became infected in the first decade of life. Comparison of serological profiles of both populations suggests a protective effect of insecticidal control campaigns in those individuals born between 1961 and 1971. New surveys carried out in both populations 2 years later rendered a 4 times greater annual incidence rate in A as compared with LI (7.9% vs 1.8% respectively). No differences were found in the percentages of abnormal electrocardiograms among seropositive and seronegative individuals from both settlements. The prevalence of complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) was higher in seropositive than in seronegative people (4.8% vs 2.3%) but lower than those figures recorded for other parts of the country and the continent. This suggests that in spite of its high prevalence, Chagas' disease has low morbidity in both localities.

Dynamics of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of Argentina: IV. Serologic, parasitologic and electrocardiographic study of the human population

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico y electrocardiográfico de los habitantes de La Invernada (LI), Depto. Figueroa, y de Amamá, Depto. Moreno, Pcia. Figueroa, y de Amamá, Depto. Moreno, Pcia. de Santiado del Estero. LI fue tratada con insecticidas en varias oportunidades durante las décadas del 60 y 70 mientras que Amamá no entró en la programación de las campañas de control. Todos los individuos de la vivienda fueron estudiados serológicamente por hemoaglutinación indirecta, e inmunofluorescencia indirecta, utilizándose fijación del complemento o aglutinación directa y Elisa para confirmar resultados discordantes. Se realizaron xenodiagnósticos a todas las personas en LI y a los menores de 13 años en Amamá. Los resultados indican que la mitad de la población estudiada estaba infectada con T. cruzi (50% en LI y en Amamá) y dichas prevalencias aparecieron ya en los niños menores de 10 años, notándose apenas un ligero incremento en la proporción de infectados en los siguientes grupos etarios. Se compararon los perfiles serológicos de ambas poblaciones destacándose el efecto protector de las campañas de control realizadas en LI sobre la población nacida entre 1961 y 1971. Una nueva encuesta serológica realizada dos años después en ambas poblaciones reveló que la tasa de incidencia anual fue 4 veces mayor en Amamá que en LI (7,9% vs. 1,8%). Los estudios electrocardiográficos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre individuos seropositivos y seronegativos en ambos caseríos en cuanto...

Assessment of cytogenetic damage in chagasic children treated with benznidazole.

Chromosomal aberrations and induction of micronuclei were analyzed from cultures of peripheral lymphocytes in 2 groups of chagasic children, before and after treatment with benznidazole. The median incidence of micronucleated interphase lymphocytes (20 patients) and chromosomal aberrations (10 patients) increased from control values of 5/1000 and 3% to 11.5/1000 and 6%, respectively, at a significance of P = 0.05.

Ecologia domestica de la Tripanosomiasis americana: perfil alimentario del Triatoma infestans en un area rural de la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina / Domestic ecology of South American trypanosomiasis: feeding profiles of Triatoma infestans in a rural area of Santiago del Estero province Argentina

Se describen los resultados entomológicos de un estudio sobre transmisión del Tripanosoma cruzi realizado en un caserío rural de Argentina. Se determinó la prevalencia de infección y el perfil alimentario de los Triatoma infestans domiciliados, relacionándose su densidad con el tipo de vivienda. Seis de las 18 viviendas estudiadas eran nuevas o mejoradas y en 16 los habitantes aplicaban hexaclorociclohexano. La menor densidad de vinchucas correspondió a las casas higiénicas o mejoradas con tratamiento químico. Los ranchos tratados presentaron un número de insectos 10 veces menor que un rancho no tratado, indicando la efectividad del control autogestado. Se hallaron T. infestans en el 100% de los dormitorios pero en sólo el 53% de los locales peridomiciliarios. Un 39% de las vinchucas intradomiciliarias estaban infectadas. El 96% de los insectos de dormitórios se alimentaron hombre, perro, pollo y gato, siendo elíndice afinidad para el perro 13 veces superior al correspondiente al hombre. Se discute la importancia epidemiológica de la concentración de vectores dentro de los dormitorios y su asociación trófica con los perros convivientes, así como la necesidad de combinar la mejora de vivienda con educación sanitaria

Complejos inmunes circulantes en los distintos estados evolutivos de la enfermedad de chagas / Circulating immune complexes in different developmental stages of Chagas' disease

En este trabajo se demuestra un aumento de los CIC en las fases agudas y crónica de la enfermedad de Chagas. Los complejos inmunes circulantes (CIC) fueron cuantificados por test del Clq marcado con 125I unido a los sistemas antígeno-anticuerpo y precipitados con polietilenglicol al 3% en los diferentes estados evolutivos de la patología. Las muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas de 31 pacientes con infección aguda y 10 individuos normales habitantes de la misma zona y edad similar; el grupo de pacientes con infección crónica estuvo integrado por 23 enfermos con cardiopatía demostrada por 23 enfermos con cardiopatía demostrada y 25 pacientes que no presentaron ningún síntoma y sus exámenes periódicos fueron siempre normales. La población control de este grupo fue constituida por 10 individuos normales con características etarias y de residencia similar. Todos los pacientes estudiados pertenecían a las provincias de Santa Fé y Santiago del Estero, República Argentina. Se demostró un incremento significativo de los CIC en la población de agudos (p<0,001) y en los infectados crónicos considerados en conjunto (p<0,05). Sin embargo, cuando los infectados crónicos cardiópatas fueron comparados con la población normal, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en los niveles de CIC (p<0,35); mientras que lo contrario sucedió cuando se comparó el grupo de infectados crónicos sin cardiopatía con los controles (p<0,01). Parecería importante la obtención de estos resultados diferenciado la población crónica en función de sus signos y síntomas clínicos, tal como lo efectuado en este trabajo. Distintos autores le han aribuido a los CIC un posible rol en la regulación de la respuesta inmune. Su demonstración en las distintas fases evolutivas de enfermedad de Chagas constituye un hecho a considerar. La demostración de sus aumentos en la poblacicón crónica sin alteraciones patológicas podría incentivar el estudio de los CIC como signo inmunológico a tener en cuenta en el curso de la evolución de infección a enfermedad. Mientras que en infectados agudos los altos niveles de los CIC inducen, además, a estudiarlos como causa inmunológica de algunos signos presentados por estos pacientes en el examen clínico