Epstein-Barr virus noncoding RNA EBER1 promotes the expression of a ribosomal protein paralog to boost oxidative phosphorylation.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly successful pathogen that infects ~95% of the adult population and is associated with diverse cancers and autoimmune diseases. The most abundant viral factor in latently infected cells is not a protein but a noncoding RNA called EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1). Even though EBER1 is highly abundant and was discovered over forty years ago, the function of EBER1 has remained elusive. EBER1 interacts with the ribosomal protein L22, which normally suppresses the expression of its paralog L22-like 1 (L22L1). Here we show that when L22 binds EBER1, it cannot suppress L22L1, resulting in L22L1 being expressed and incorporated into ribosomes. We further show that L22L1-containing ribosomes preferentially translate mRNAs involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, upregulation of L22L1 is indispensable for growth transformation and immortalization of resting B cells upon EBV infection. Taken together, our results suggest that the function of EBER1 is to modulate host gene expression at the translational level, thus bypassing the need for dysregulating host gene transcription.

Robotic Single-Site Plus One-Port Myomectomy versus Robotic Single-Site Plus Two-Port Myomectomy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

PURPOSE: Robotic single-site plus one-port myomectomy (RSOM) was designed to reduce the number of incision sites for greater cosmetic satisfaction of patients while retaining the benefits of conventional robotic multi-site myomectomy (CRM). Robotic single-site plus two-port myomectomy (RSTM) eliminated one port relative to conventional CRM, and RSOM achieved the same advantage with respect to RSTM. This study aimed to compare RSOM with RSTM in terms of their respective methodologies and surgical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 230 patients who had undergone RSOM and 146 patients who had undergone RSTM were reviewed. The groups' surgical outcomes were compared using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. RESULTS: In the total data, RSOM had a shorter operative time (135.1±57.4 min vs. 149.9±46.2 min, p=0.009) and a shorter hospital stay (5.2±0.5 days vs. 5.4±0.7 days, p=0.033) relative to RSTM. The PSM analysis showed that there were no statistically significant intergroup differences in the patients' baseline characteristics. Regarding the surgical outcomes, the RSOM group showed shorter operative time (129.2±49.3 min vs. 148.7±46.3 min, p=0.001) compared to the RSTM group. CONCLUSION: Compared with RSTM, RSOM was associated with shorter operative time. Additionally, more detailed comparative and prospective studies are needed to evaluate RSOM relative to RSTM.

Epstein-Barr virus noncoding RNA EBER1 promotes the expression of a ribosomal protein paralog to boost oxidative phosphorylation.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly successful pathogen that infects ~95% of the adult population and is associated with diverse cancers and autoimmune diseases. The most abundant viral factor in latently infected cells is not a protein but a noncoding RNA called EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1). Even though EBER1 is highly abundant and was discovered over forty years ago, the function of EBER1 has remained elusive. EBER1 interacts with the ribosomal protein L22, which normally suppresses the expression of its paralog L22-like 1 (L22L1). Here we show that when L22 binds EBER1, it cannot suppress L22L1, resulting in L22L1 being expressed and incorporated into ribosomes. We further show that L22L1-containing ribosomes preferentially translate mRNAs involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, upregulation of L22L1 is indispensable for growth transformation and immortalization of resting B cells upon EBV infection. Taken together, our results suggest that the function of EBER1 is to modulate host gene expression at the translational level, thus bypassing the need for dysregulating host gene transcription.

The Analysis of in vitro Fertilization Outcomes after Fertility-Preserving Therapy for Endometrial Hyperplasia or Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of fertility-preserving therapy through in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures in women who were pathologically diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study on fertility-preserving therapy was conducted. Participants/Materials, Setting: A total of 82 women were enrolled who had simple endometrial hyperplasia (SH), complex hyperplasia (CH), complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH), and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma stage IA (EC IA) and underwent IVF at Gangnam CHA fertility center between January 2008 and December 2020. METHODS: The primary endpoints were oncologic outcomes and subsequent reproductive outcomes of patients who underwent fertility-preserving treatments analyzed by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 82 patients, 33 had a cumulative clinical pregnancy (40.2%), and 25 had a cumulative live birth (30.5%) through IVF procedures following pathologic confirmation of complete remission or non-progressive status. The cumulative clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates for SH were 50.0% and 30.0%, for CH were 37.8% and 28.9%, for CAH were 25.0% and 25.0%, and for EC were 38.5% and 38.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences in cumulative clinical pregnancy rates or live birth rates when comparing the four groups. There was a difference in endometrial thickness between medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment group and intrauterine device (IUD) group (p = 0.036); however, there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates among MPA, IUD, and MPA+IUD groups. LIMITATIONS: Because of the retrospective nature of the study, many factors relevant to the treatment decision were not strictly controlled. CONCLUSIONS: All endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma groups had competent cumulative live birth rates by IVF procedures. There may be differences in endometrial thickness depending on the treatment methods, but this does not affect clinical pregnancy rates. Therefore, the fertility-preserving treatment for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma is a safe and feasible method that results in good IVF outcomes.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Two New Techniques Complementing Robotic Single-Site Myomectomy: Coaxial Robotic Single-Site Myomectomy vs. Hybrid Robotic Single-Site Myomectomy.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes between two new robotic single-site myomectomy (RSSM)-complementary techniques: coaxial robotic single-site myomectomy (Coaxial-RSSM) and hybrid robotic single-site myomectomy (Hybrid-RSSM). METHODS: Medical records for 132 women undergoing Coaxial-RSSM and 150 undergoing Hybrid-RSSM, consecutively, were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were assessed and compared after propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS: In the outcomes of PSM, the Coaxial-RSSM group showed significantly reduced blood loss (79.71 vs. 163.75 mL, p < 0.001) and reduced hospital duration (4.18 ± 0.62 vs. 4.63 ± 0.90) relative to the Hybrid-RSSM group. Conversely, Hybrid-RSSM allowed for a shorter operative time compared with Coaxial-RSSM (119.19 vs. 156.01 min, p = 0.007). No conversions to conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy or any need for the multi-site robotic approach occurred in either group. Postoperative complications, including ileus, fever, and wound dehiscence, showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Blood loss was lower with Coaxial-RSSM, and operative time was shorter for Hybrid-RSSM. A follow-up prospective study is warranted for more comprehensive comparison of surgical outcomes between the two techniques.

Coherent charge hopping suppresses photoexcited small polarons in ErFeO3 by antiadiabatic formation mechanism.

Polarons are prevalent in condensed matter systems with strong electron-phonon coupling. The adiabaticity of the polaron relates to its transport properties and spatial extent. To date, only adiabatic small polaron formation has been measured following photoexcitation. The lattice reorganization energy is large enough that the first electron-optical phonon scattering event creates a small polaron without requiring substantial carrier thermalization. We measure that frustrating the iron-centered octahedra in the rare-earth orthoferrite ErFeO3 leads to antiadiabatic polaron formation. Coherent charge hopping between neighboring Fe3+─Fe2+ sites is measured with transient extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy and lasts several picoseconds before the polaron forms. The resulting small polaron formation time is an order of magnitude longer than previous measurements and indicates a shallow potential well, even in the excited state. The results emphasize the importance of considering dynamic electron-electron correlations, not just electron-phonon-induced lattice changes, for small polarons for transport, catalysis, and photoexcited applications.