Retinitis pigmentosa with iris coloboma due to miR-204 gene variant in a Chinese family.

PURPOSE: To characterize the phenotype and genotype of a Chinese family with autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) accompanied by iris coloboma. METHODS: The proband, a 34-year-old male, was examined with his family by using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence, and full-field electroretinography (ffERG). Genetic analyses were conducted through whole-exome sequencing (WES) to screen for variations. RESULTS: Three members of this Chinese family were shown to be bilateral iris coloboma. The male proband and his mother exhibited typical RP feature. The proband's late grandfather had been documented manifestation of iris coloboma. The mode of inheritance was confirmed to be autosomal dominance. Through linkage analysis and WES, a heterozygous variation in the miR-204 gene (n.37C>T), a noncoding RNA gene, was identified in these three members. CONCLUSIONS: In this third independent and the first Asian family, the existence of a miR-204 variant associated with RP accompanied by iris coloboma was confirmed. Our findings reinforce the significance of miR-204 as an important factor influencing visual function in the retina. When phenotypes like RP accompanied by iris coloboma in an autosomal-dominant pattern, including in Chinese patients, miR-204 aberrations should be considered.

Altered functional brain activity in first-episode major depressive disorder treated with electro-acupuncture: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Previous studies have found electroacupuncture could improve the clinical symptoms of first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), but the exact neural mechanism of action needs to be further elucidated. Methods: Twenty-eight first-episode MDD patients were randomly divided into 14 electro-acupuncture stimulation (EAS) groups and 14 sham-acupuncture stimulation (SAS) groups, and clinical symptoms were assessed and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were done in both groups. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was used to observe the changes between the pre-treatment and post-treatment in the two groups, and the altered brain areas were selected as region of interest (ROI) to observe the FC changes. Meanwhile, the correlation between the altered clinical symptoms and the altered ALFF and FC of brain regions in the two groups was analyzed. Results: The EAS significantly decreased the HAMD-24 and HAMA-14 scores of MDD than SAS group. The imaging results revealed that both groups were able to increase the ALFF of the left middle temporal gyrus and the left cerebellar posterior lobe. When using the left middle temporal gyrus and the left posterior cerebellar lobe as ROIs, EAS group increased the FC between the left middle temporal gyrus with the left superior frontal gyrus, the left middle frontal gyrus, and the left hippocampus, and decreased the FC between the left posterior cerebellar lobe and the left calcarine gyrus, while SAS group only increased the FC between the left middle temporal gyrus with the left superior frontal gyrus. The alternations in clinical symptoms after EAS treatment were positively correlated with the altered ALFF values in the left middle temporal gyrus and the altered FC values in the left middle temporal gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion: EA demonstrates modulation of functional activity in the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), cognitive control network (CCN), limbic system, and visual network (VN) for the treatment of the first-episode MDD. Our findings contribute to the neuroimaging evidence for the efficacy of EAS.

New Model for Predicting Production Capacity of Horizontal Well Volume Fracturing in Tight Reservoirs.

Production prediction is the most important and comprehensive index to measure the effect of oilfield development, and it is also one of the most fundamental problems in oilfield dynamic analysis. However, the recovery prediction is often affected by many factors. Usually, the recovery is predicted by core experiments, numerical simulations, and mathematical models. The main problem is accurately predicting reservoir recovery based on existing data. This paper proposes a comprehensive prediction model for the problem of recovery. First, the correlation coefficients between 14 factors and recovery were calculated based on Pearson, Spearman, gray correlation, variance selection, univariate selection method, and tree model. Second, the weights of the factors were determined using entropy weighting, CRITIC, and hierarchical analysis to clarify the degree of contribution of different factors to the recovery. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model was established based on the results of the weighting analysis. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient and weight of porosity, permeability, oil saturation, well spacing, cluster spacing, total fluid volume, and horizontal section length are the most relevant to the recovery. The error between the comprehensive evaluation model and the actual results is less than 3%. Therefore, the method can predict the production capacity of the tight reservoirs. The research results of this paper are of guiding significance for improving the recovery of tight reservoirs.

Lithium carbonate revitalizes tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells by shunting lactic acid into mitochondria.

The steady flow of lactic acid (LA) from tumor cells to the extracellular space via the monocarboxylate transporter symport system suppresses antitumor T cell immunity. However, LA is a natural energy metabolite that can be oxidized in the mitochondria and could potentially stimulate T cells. Here we show that the lactate-lowering mood stabilizer lithium carbonate (LC) can inhibit LA-mediated CD8+ T cell immunosuppression. Cytoplasmic LA increased the pumping of protons into lysosomes. LC interfered with vacuolar ATPase to block lysosomal acidification and rescue lysosomal diacylglycerol-PKCθ signaling to facilitate monocarboxylate transporter 1 localization to mitochondrial membranes, thus transporting LA into the mitochondria as an energy source for CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that targeting LA metabolism using LC could support cancer immunotherapy.

Zinc deficiency or genetic mutations?-A case report of hair heterochromia in the context of MC1R genetic mutations.

Hair heterochromia may be caused by different mechanisms. At clinical work, we found a Chinese boy whose hair colour gradually turned to red. We record the diagnosis and treatment process and follow-up situation, finally find that altered hair colour phenotype is due to MC1R genetic mutations, rather than zinc deficiency. This rarely red hair colour phenotype improve our understanding of hair heterochromia caused by genetic mutations.

Decline in measured glomerular filtration rate is associated with simple renal cyst in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Simple renal cysts (SRC) are associated with age, hypertension and hyperuricemia, which are risk factors of renal impairment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SRC and its association with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. METHODS: A total of 3,552 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were investigated. All participants were diagnosed as SRC by color Doppler, and all participants were measured for GFR by using dynamic renal scintigraphy with technetium-99m-diethylene triamine peta-acetic acid. RESULTS: The prevalence of SRC was 17.4% (619 cases). Participants with SRC had significantly lower mGFR values than those without SRC (86.16 ± 26.20 vs 94.88 ± 23.98 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P < 0.001). In 478 participants with unilateral renal cyst, the mGFR of the kidney affected by SRC was significantly lower than that of the unaffected kidney (43.32 ± 13.74 vs 44.18 ± 13.34 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P = 0.014). The participants were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of mGFR level (≥109.50, 93.80-109.49, 76.90-93.79 and <76.90 mL/min/1.73 m2 ). The prevalence of SRC gradually increased with decreasing mGFR level (12.9, 13.9, 16.6 and 27.8%, respectively; P trend <0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, hypertension and other potential confounders, the logistic regression showed that SRC was an independent risk factor for impaired GFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; odds ratio 1.656; 95% confidence interval 1.451-1.890, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: SRC is an independent risk factor for the decrease of mGFR in Chinese diabetes patients, and could affect the renal GFR measured by dynamic renal scintigraphy on the SRC side.

PDMS-filled micro-spring Fabry-Perot cavity for temperature sensing.

A highly sensitive fiber-tipped temperature sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-filled spring Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The spring FP cavity is first fabricated on the fiber endface by the two-photon polymerization lithography. After that, PDMS is filled into the cavity to drive the elongation of the flexible spring and thus to functionalize high-performance temperature sensing. Benefiting from the large thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS, the proposed sensor exhibits a maximal temperature sensitivity of 704.3 pm/°C with excellent operating repeatability and stability. Besides, by selecting a proper spring constant k, the FP sensitivity can be precisely adjusted in the range of 100-700 pm/°C. Thanks to the advantages of high fabrication accuracy and designable property, the proposed sensor could promote numerous usages for customizable temperature sensing.

The impact of community care services on older people's psychological health: an empirical study in Liaoning Province, China.

Background: Rapid population aging in China means it is imperative to establish a comprehensive care service system for older people. Currently, China is vigorously promoting the development of community care services for older people which should, ideally, focus on psychological health in addition to physical health. This study examined the impact of community care services on older people's psychological health. Methods: Survey data (n = 741) were collected from people aged 60 years and older in Liaoning Province, China, in which various community care services for older people were provided. Information was collected regarding the types of services provided (e.g., meal services, medical and social care), participants' demographic details (age, gender, economic circumstances, etc.), and their psychological health (e.g., loneliness, life satisfaction). The impact of the various care services on older people's psychological health was subsequently examined through the construction of a structural equation model. Results: Community care services for older people had a significant positive impact on their psychological health, with the most significant positive impact on cultural and sports activities, visiting and chat services, and emotional counseling. The impact of community care services on sub-groups of older people (e.g., those who were disabled, socially isolated and/or poor) was different. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide comprehensive and high-quality community care services, organize diverse cultural, sports, and recreational activities, provide differentiated and specific services for older people, and formulate corresponding service guidelines.

Early intervention improves clinical responses to seasonal allergic rhinitis by stimulation in sphenopalatine ganglion (Xinwu acupoint).

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of early intervention (4 weeks before pollen dispersal) with sphenopalatine ganglion (Xinwu acupoint) stimulation in patients with allergies after the onset of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized and unblinded half-open study. Forty-one SAR volunteers were randomly assigned to either the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) acupuncture plus supplementary acupuncture (SPG group) or the sham-SPG acupuncture plus supplementary acupuncture (SA group) stimulation 4 weeks before the onset of allergy season. The changes of the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores were measured on the first week in the onset of allergy season. RESULTS: Four patients dropped out due to local hematoma and pain in the SPG and SA groups. The remaining 37 patients continued through to the end of the trial. After early intervention 4 weeks before the onset of allergy season, the sneezing, nasal congestion and itchiness scores in the first week of onset time were significantly lower in the SPG group than in the SA group patients ( 0.001). The RQLQ score obtained at the onset of symptoms indicated that symptoms were more significantly ameliorated in the SPG group than in the SA group (0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirmed that early intervention by sphenopalatine ganglion (Xinwu acupoint) stimulation can effectively improve the symptoms and the quality of SAR patients' daily lives.

A novel HCP (heparin-binding protein-C reactive protein-procalcitonin) inflammatory composite model can predict severe acute pancreatitis.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) presents with an aggressive clinical presentation and high lethality rate. Early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis will help physicians to further precise treatment and improve intervention. This study aims to construct a composite model that can predict SAP using inflammatory markers. 212 patients with acute pancreatitis enrolled from January 2018 to June 2020 were included in this study, basic parameters at admission and 24 h after hospitalization, and laboratory results such as inflammatory markers were collected. Pearson's test was used to analyze the correlation between heparin-binding protein (HBP), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Risk factors affecting SAP were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, inflammatory marker models were constructed, and subject operating curves were used to verify the discrimination of individual as well as inflammatory marker models and to find the optimal cut-off value based on the maximum Youden index. In the SAP group, the plasma levels of HBP, CRP, and PCT were 139.1 ± 74.8 ng/mL, 190.7 ± 106.3 mg/L and 46.3 ± 22.3 ng/mL, and 25.3 ± 16.0 ng/mL, 145.4 ± 67.9 mg/L and 27.9 ± 22.4 ng/mL in non-SAP patients, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001), The Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the three values of HBP, CRP, and PCT. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HBP (OR = 1.070 [1.044-1.098], P < 0.001), CRP (OR = 1.010 [1.004-1.016], P = 0.001), and PCT (OR = 1.030[1.007-1.053], P < 0.001) were risk factors for SAP, and the area under the curve of the HBP-CRP-PCT model was 0.963 (0.936-0.990). The HCP model, consisting of HBP, CRP, and PCT; is well differentiated and easy to use and can predict the risk of SAP in advance.

Downregulation of Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation Ameliorates Autophagic Flux by Resuming Lysosomal Functions in Ischemic Neurons.

Autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction was a critical pathogenesis of neuronal death after an ischemic stroke, but what drove the impairment of autophagic flux remained elusive. Studies indicated that histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac) drastically modulated the autophagic/lysosomal signaling pathway. Herein, we investigated whether the autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction in neurons could be restored by altering H4K16ac levels after cerebral ischemia. The rat model of ischemic stroke and the cell ischemia model in HT22 neurons were prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. The result showed that H4K16ac could be effectively reduced by intracerebroventricular administration with MG149 (a H4K16ac inhibitor) after an ischemic stroke. Moreover, attenuated H4K16ac greatly alleviated the autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction in penumbral neurons, as indicated by decreased autophagic substrates of LC3-II, insoluble SQSTM1, and ubiquitinated proteins, accompanied by increased lysosomal cathepsin D. Conversely, treatment with trichostatin A (TSA, a H4K16ac facilitator) aggravated the impairment of autophagic flux. This regulative machinery of H4K16ac on the autophagic/lysosomal signaling pathway was also manifested in the OGD model of HT22 neurons. Furthermore, H4K16ac attenuation-ameliorated autophagic flux significantly alleviated stroke brain injury, as reflected by decreased infarct size, neuron loss, and neurological deficits. Similarly, the H4K16ac inhibition-mitigated autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction markedly promoted neuron survival and cell viability in OGD HT22 neurons. However, H4K16ac downregulation-ameliorated autophagic flux in neurons and thereby induced neuroprotection could be greatly counteracted by the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). Our data indicate that cerebral ischemia-elevated H4K16ac creates the autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction due to lysosomal inefficiency, suggesting that H4K16ac attenuation benefits poststroke neuroprotection by resuming lysosomal functions in neurons.

Therapy of replenishing and regulating for manic episode in bipolar disorder: study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent disorder characterized by biphasic mood episodes of mania or hypomania and depression. It affects more than 1% of the global population and is a leading cause of disability in young people. Currently available treatments for BD are still fairly limited in terms of efficacy, with high rates of non-adherence, non-response, and undesirable side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and rich experience in stabilizing mania and improving quality of life. Aiming at rebalancing and in BD, therapy of replenishing and regulating (RYRY therapy) has been in clinical use for years in China. The present prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial is designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RYRY therapy for bipolar mania and its possible mechanism from the point of regulating gut microbiota and anti-inflammation. A total of 60 eligible participants will be recruited from Beijing Anding Hospital. They will be randomized to either the study group or the control group in a ratio of 1∶1. Participants allocated to the study group will receive RYRY granule, while placebo granule will be applied in the control group. Participants in both groups will be prescribed conventional therapy for manic episode in BD. Four scheduled visits will be conducted over 4 weeks. Outcome measurements include Young Mania Rating Scale, TCM Symptom Pattern Rating Scale, Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale, levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α and the gut microbial community profile of stool samples. Safety outcomes and adverse events will also be recorded. In this study, we set a number of scientific and objective assessments to evaluate the efficacy of RYRY therapy and study into its possible mechanism, hopefully offering clinicians an alternative approach to BD.

Self-inflicted intravesical insertion of 83 magnetic balls in a 10-year-old boy: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: A magnetic ball is a toy for children that can cause physical injury when used improperly. The injury of urethra and bladder caused by magnetic ball is rarely reported. CASE: Here we present a case of self-inflicted intravesical insertion of 83 magnetic balls by a 10-year-old boy. Preliminary diagnosis was made by a plain radiograph of the pelvis and ultrasonic examination of bladder and all the magnetic balls were removed under cystoscopy successfully. CONCLUSIONS: For children with recurrent bladder irritation, the possibility of bladder foreign body should be considered. Surgery is an effective method. For patients without serious complications, cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment.

Pediatric unicystic cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma: The first case report.

Cases of patients with cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) have been reported to date, which presented as polycystic renal tumor in all of them. It is a special pathological type of nephroblastoma. Here, we report the first case of a unicystic CPDN in a child. The patient was diagnosed with a simple renal cyst and underwent laparoscopic decortication. The naive nephron was found in the pathological section, and the diagnosis of CPDN was confirmed. The patient then underwent a radical nephrectomy and six cycles of postoperative chemotherapy. There was no recurrence or metastasis after 2 years of follow-up. Pediatric CPDN presenting as a unicystic renal tumor poses a new challenge to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of unicystic renal tumor.

Duodenal Dieulafoy lesion: a rare pathogeny of gastrointestinal bleeding in children.

BACKGROUND: Dieulafoy lesion is a calibre persistent submucosal artery associated with a minuter mucosal defect. Dieulafoy lesion has been reported to account for 1-5.8% of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults, but it is rarely reported in children. CASE: Here we report a case of duodenal Dieulafoy lesion in a 13-year-old boy. After endoscopy and laparotomy, he still had no definite diagnosis and effective treatment. The duodenal Dieulafoy lesion was finally identified by selective angiography and was effectively treated by intravascular embolization. CONCLUSIONS: For unexplained upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the possibility of duodenal Dieulafoy lesion should be considered. A combination of multiple diagnosis and treatment methods can improve the success rate of diagnosis and treatment when a single test or treatment method cannot provide definitive diagnosis or effective treatment.

The Effect of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy via miR-34a/ATG4B Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Increasing evidence suggests that disorders of inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study attempted to clarify the effect of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1), miR-34a, and ATG4B on inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy in DKD both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vivo, it was found that the levels of AIF-1, miR-34a, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors were significantly increased in blood and urine samples of DKD patients and mouse models and correlated with the level of urinary protein. In vitro, it was also found that the expressions of AIF-1, miR-34a, ROS, and inflammatory factors were increased, while ATG4B and other autophagy related proteins were decreased in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) cultured with high concentration glucose medium (30 mmol/L). When AIF-1 gene was overexpressed, the levels of miR-34a, ROS, and inflammatory factors were significantly upregulated, and autophagy-related proteins such as ATG4B were downregulated, while downregulation of AIF-1 gene had the opposite effect. In addition, miR-34a inhibited the expression of ATG4B and autophagy-related proteins and increased the levels of ROS and inflammation. Furthermore, the result of luciferase reporter assay suggested that ATG4B was the target gene of miR-34a. When ATG4B gene was overexpressed, the level of autophagy was upregulated, and inflammatory factors were downregulated. Conversely, when ATG4B gene was inhibited, the level of autophagy was downregulated, and inflammatory factors were upregulated. Then, autophagy inducers inhibited the levels of inflammation and ROS, whereas autophagy inhibitors had the opposite function in HRGECs induced by glucose (30 mmol/L). In conclusion, the above data suggested that AIF-1 regulated the levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy in HRGECs via miR-34a/ATG4B pathway to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.

How can social needs impact on meaningful sports consumption?

The main goal of this study is to explore the drivers of meaningful sport consumption and its influence mechanism. In sports consumption, consumers not only seek hedonic value but also pursue to experience greater purpose and meaning in life, which is regarded as meaningful sports consumption. This study extends existing sports management literature by examining how social needs impact meaningful sports behavior with team affiliation, self-improvement, and self-esteem as mediators. Based on the questionnaire data collected from China, the empirical analysis results show that social needs have a significant positive impact on meaningful sports consumption behavior through the mediating effect of team affiliation and self-esteem motivation. However, self-improvement motivation does not have a mediating effect on the relationship between social needs and meaningful sports consumption. This study enriches the research content of sports consumption, adds research object of social needs, and expands the research scope of meaningful consumption by introducing meaningful sports consumption into the above domain.

Baseline blood pressure does not modify the effect of intravenous thrombolysis in successfully revascularized patients.

Background: Studies indicate a trajectory relationship between baseline blood pressure (BP) and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) eligible for both intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase and endovascular treatment (EVT). We determined whether baseline BP modified the effect of IVT in successfully revascularized AIS patients who participated in the Direct Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy to Revascularize AIS Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary Hospitals (DIECT-MT) trial. Methods: The association of baseline systolic BP, trichotomized as high (141-185 mmHg), middle (121-140 mmHg), and low (91-120 mmHg), and the outcomes of any intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH (sICH), and mortality and functional outcome on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days were explored. Logistic regression models determined the interaction between clinical outcomes and baseline systolic and diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), at 10 mmHg intervals. Data are reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Results: A post-hoc analysis of DIRECT-MT, in 510 of the 656 randomized participants with successful revascularization underwent MT. The overall adjusted common OR of IVT and baseline BP on any ICH, sICH, and 90-day mortality and functional outcome were 0.884 (95%CI 0.613-1.274), 0.643 (95%CI 0.283-1.458), 0.842 (95%CI 0.566-1.252), and 1.286 (95%CI 0.772-2.142), respectively. No significant interaction between baseline blood pressure and intravenous thrombolysis with clinical outcome was observed. Conclusions: In patients with baseline SBP under 185 mmHg, baseline blood pressure does not alter the risk of hemorrhagic transformation and clinicaloutcome in successfully revascularized patients, regardless of intravenous alteplase usage. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings. Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03469206.

Therapeutic effect of low frequency electric pulse therapy on cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: A prospective controlled study.

To explore the efficacy of low-frequency electric pulse therapy (LFEPT) combined with 2 antiemetics in the prevention and treatment of cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 82 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=41) and control group (n=41) by random numerical table method. The experimental group was treated with LFEPT combined with 2 antiemetic drugs (tropisetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone hydrochloride), while the control group was treated with the same 2 antiemetic drugs. Revised index of nausea and vomiting and retching (R-INVR) and Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) scale were used to quantitatively evaluate the symptoms of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy, and the effect of LFEPT in the prevention and treatment of CINV was observed. The baseline characteristics had no statistical difference between the 2 groups. The degree of nausea reaction, vomiting, and dry retching were similar in 2 groups on the first day after chemotherapy. However, the degree of nausea reaction, vomiting, and dry retching were significantly improved in the experimental group than that of the control group on 2 to 5 days with all P<.05. The score of FLIE had no difference between the 2 groups on the first day after chemotherapy (84.05 vs 82.69, P=.30), and the score was significantly higher in experiment group on day 6 compared with the control group (103.71 vs 89.38, P=.02). The side effects had no difference between the 2 groups. The LFEPT can significantly ameliorate CINV in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, which is worthy of clinical application.

Transcriptome and metabolome profiling in different stages of infestation of Eucalyptus urophylla clones by Ralstonia solanacearum.

Eucalyptus urophylla is an economically important tree species that widely planted in tropical and sub-tropical areas around the world, which suffers significant losses due to Ralstonia solanacearum. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of pathogen-response of Eucalyptus. We collected the vascular tissues of a E. urophylla clone infected by R. solanacearum in the laboratory, and combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate the defense responses of Eucalyptus. A total of 11 flavonoids that differentially accumulated at the first stage or a later stage after infection. The phenylpropanoid of p-coumaraldehyde, the two alkaloids trigonelline and DL-ephedrine, two types of traditional Chinese medicine with patchouli alcohol and 3-dihydrocadambine, and the amino acid phenylalanine were differentially accumulated after infection, which could be biomarkers indicating a response to R. solanacearum. Differentially expressed genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and amino acid metabolism were activated at the first stage of infection or a later stage, indicating that they may participate in the defense against infection. This study is expected to deliver several insights into the molecular mechanism in response to pathogens in E. urophylla, and the findings have far-reaching implications in the control of E. urophylla pathogens.