Development of an educational technology on clean intermittent bladder catheterization in children to instruct family members / Desarrollo de una tecnología educativa sobre cateterismo vesical intermitente limpio en niños para orientar a los familiares / Desenvolvimento de tecnologia educacional sobre cateterismo vesical intermitente limpo em crianças para orientação de familiares

ABSTRACT Objectives: to prepare and validate an illustrated guide to instruct family members on clean intermittent bladder catheterizarion in children. Method: a methodological research study carried out between January 2021 and February 2022 and developed in three stages: Bibliographical review and elaboration of the illustrated guide; Content validation by expert judges (Delphi technique); and Validation of the response process by representatives of the target audience. The study was conducted in the specialties outpatient service of a large-sized university hospital from the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of 18 expert judges and 9 mothers of children undergoing clean intermittent bladder catheterization and in outpatient care. Agreement levels equal to or greater than 80% were considered as consensus, and a 0.80 rate was the acceptable minimum for the Content Validity Index. Results: the illustrated guide consists in 18 sessions, from the step-by-step instructions for clean intermittent bladder catheterization to including children in the procedure. In the first and second validation rounds with the evaluators, Content Validity Index values of 0.8 and 1.0 were obtained, respectively. In the validation by the target audience, 100% agreement was reached in the understanding, Appeal, Self-efficacy, Cultural acceptability and Persuasion domains. Conclusion: the illustrated guide proved to be valid in terms of content by the judges and family members, with the potential to mediate the educational practice in care settings for children in need of clean intermittent bladder catheterization.

RESUMEN Objetivos: elaborar y validar una guía ilustrada para orientar a los familiares sobre el cateterismo vesical intermitente limpio en niños. Método: investigación metodológica realizada entre enero de 2021 y febrero de 2022 y desarrollada en tres etapas: Revisión bibliográfica y elaboración de la guía ilustrada; Validación del contenido a cargo de jueces especialistas (técnica Delphi); y Validación del proceso de respuesta por parte de representantes de la población objetivo. El estudio se condujo en el servicio ambulatorio de especialidades de un hospital universitario de gran porte del municipio de San Pablo, Brasil. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 18 jueces especialistas y 9 madres de niños sometidos a cateterismo vesical intermitente limpio y se encontraban en tratamiento ambulatorio. Un nivel de concordancia de al menos el 80% se consideró como consenso, al igual que el índice de 0,80 como concordancia mínima aceptable para el Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: la guía ilustrada consta de 18 sesiones, desde las instrucciones paso a paso para realizar el cateterismo vesical intermitente limpio hasta la inclusión de los niños en el procedimiento. En la primera ronda de validación con los jueces se obtuvo un Índice de Validez de Contenido superior a 0,8 y, en la segunda ronda, dicho índice fue 1,0. En la validación por parte de la población objetivo se obtuvo 100% de concordancia en los dominios de Comprensión, Aspecto atractivo, Autoeficacia, Aceptabilidad cultural y Persuasión. Conclusión: la guía ilustrada demostró ser válida en cuanto al contenido según la evaluación de los jueces y familiares, con potencial para mediar la práctica educativa en situaciones de atención a niños que precisan cateterismo vesical intermitente limpio.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e validar um guia ilustrado para orientações de familiares sobre o cateterismo vesical intermitente limpo em crianças. Método: pesquisa metodológica, realizada entre janeiro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022, desenvolvida em três etapas: revisão bibliográfica e elaboração do guia ilustrado; validação de conteúdo por juízes especialistas (técnica Delphi) e validação de processo de resposta por representantes do público-alvo. O estudo foi conduzido no ambulatório de especialidades de um hospital universitário de grande porte do município de São Paulo, Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 18 juízes especialistas e 9 mães de crianças que realizavam cateterismo vesical intermitente limpo e estavam em atendimento ambulatorial. Foi considerado consenso concordância igual ou superior a 80%, e taxa de 0,80 como concordância mínima aceitável para o índice de validade de conteúdo. Resultados: o guia ilustrado é composto por 18 sessões, desde o passo a passo do cateterismo vesical intermitente limpo até a inclusão da criança no procedimento. Na primeira rodada de validação com juízes, obteve-se índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,8 e, na segunda rodada, de 1,0. Na validação por parte do público-alvo obteve-se 100% de concordância nos domínios compreensão, atratividade, autoeficácia, aceitabilidade cultural e persuasão. Conclusão: o guia ilustrado mostrou-se válido quanto ao conteúdo pelos juízes e familiares com potencial para mediar a prática educativa em cenários de cuidado à criança com necessidade de cateterismo vesical intermitente limpo.

Transition of care in pediatric surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To identify among pediatric surgeons across Brazil how the transition of pediatric patients to adult clinics is carried out. METHODS: A questionnaire was emailed to pediatric surgeons registered with the Associação Brasileira de Cirurgia Pediátrica in 2018. The data assessed included training time, maximum age of care, subspecialty of practice, outpatient follow-up of adult patients, reason for continuing care of adult patients, referral to adult specialties, concern with transition of care, and what has been done to improve it. RESULTS: Most pediatric surgeons had more than 20 years of experience, and approximately 61% worked simultaneously at a public hospital, private hospital and private office. The maximum age of care at public, private hospitals and private offices proved to be quite varied. The follow-up of patients aged over 18 years at public hospitals, private hospitals and private clinics wase 32%, 23.58% and 20.75%, respectively. The main reason for patients aged over 18 years continued to be accompanied by pediatric surgeons was lack of knowledge about the disease by adult specialties. Most patients were referred to the adult specialty of the hospital, and roughly 37% of pediatric surgeons responded that they were in contact with the adult specialty. Most believed in autonomy of care of their patients and were concerned with transition of care. CONCLUSION: Transition of care is a relevant issue that needs to be studied and debated to ensure an appropriate long-term follow-up.

Vaginoplasty with Oxidized Cellulose in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is the major cause of vaginal agenesis. Vaginoplasty with oxidized cellulose has been used by gynecologists as a surgical option in vaginal agenesis; however, it is not very widespread among pediatric surgeons. A case of MRKHS who underwent vaginoplasty with oxidized cellulose is reported here.

Transition of care in pediatric surgery / Transição de cuidados na cirurgia pediátrica

ABSTRACT Objective To identify among pediatric surgeons across Brazil how the transition of pediatric patients to adult clinics is carried out. Methods A questionnaire was emailed to pediatric surgeons registered with the Associação Brasileira de Cirurgia Pediátrica in 2018. The data assessed included training time, maximum age of care, subspecialty of practice, outpatient follow-up of adult patients, reason for continuing care of adult patients, referral to adult specialties, concern with transition of care, and what has been done to improve it. Results Most pediatric surgeons had more than 20 years of experience, and approximately 61% worked simultaneously at a public hospital, private hospital and private office. The maximum age of care at public, private hospitals and private offices proved to be quite varied. The follow-up of patients aged over 18 years at public hospitals, private hospitals and private clinics wase 32%, 23.58% and 20.75%, respectively. The main reason for patients aged over 18 years continued to be accompanied by pediatric surgeons was lack of knowledge about the disease by adult specialties. Most patients were referred to the adult specialty of the hospital, and roughly 37% of pediatric surgeons responded that they were in contact with the adult specialty. Most believed in autonomy of care of their patients and were concerned with transition of care. Conclusion Transition of care is a relevant issue that needs to be studied and debated to ensure an appropriate long-term follow-up.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar entre os cirurgiões pediátricos de todo o Brasil como é realizada a transição de cuidados dos pacientes pediátricos para as clínicas adultas. Métodos Um questionário foi enviado por e-mail para cirurgiões pediátricos cadastrados na Associação Brasileira de Cirurgia Pediátrica no ano de 2018. Foram avaliados dados como tempo de formação, idade máxima de atendimento, subespecialidade de atuação, seguimento ambulatorial de pacientes adultos, motivo pelo qual continuava atendendo pacientes adultos, encaminhamento para especialidades adultas, preocupação com a transição de cuidados e o que tinha realizado para aprimorá-la. Resultados A maioria dos cirurgiões pediátricos tinha mais de 20 anos de experiência, e cerca de 61% atuavam simultaneamente em hospital público, hospital privado e clínica privada. A idade máxima de atendimento nos hospitais públicos e privados e nas clínicas privadas mostrou-se bastante variada. O acompanhamento de pacientes acima de 18 anos nos hospitais públicos, nos hospitais privados e nas clínicas privadas foi, respectivamente, 32%, 23,58% e 20,75%. O principal motivo pelo qual o paciente acima de 18 anos continuava sendo acompanhado por cirurgiões pediátricos foi falta de conhecimento da patologia pelas especialidades adulta. A maioria dos pacientes era encaminhada para a especialidade adulta do próprio hospital, e cerca de 37% dos cirurgiões pediátricos responderam que mantinham contato com a especialidade adulta. A maioria acreditava na autonomia de cuidados de seus pacientes e estava preocupada com a transição de cuidados. Conclusão A transição de cuidados é um assunto relevante e que precisa ser estudado e debatido para que se possa assegurar um adequado seguimento a longo prazo.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells in bladder augmentation.

PURPOSE: To compare integration of bladder acellular matrix (BAM) with the bladder when seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and when MSC are injected intravenously (IV). METHODS: MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of EPM-1 Wistar male rats. Female rats were distributed into: Group A-BAM augmentation; Group B-BAM augmentation and MSCs IV administered; Group C-BAM-MSC seeded augmentation. Animals were killed on postoperative days 7, 14 and 28. Morphological analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome, in addition to immunohistochemical staining with α-SMA and neurofilament for assessment of tissue repair. RNAm expression of the SRY gene was used to mark MSCs in the rats killed on postoperative day 28. RESULTS: The muscle layer was best repaired in Groups B and C. No difference in the repair of the urothelium in the animals in any of the three groups was found. Group B presented the smallest inflammatory reaction and the best neural repair on postoperative day 28. None of the animals examined had MSCs in their bladder graft. CONCLUSION: The MSCs were able to improve repair of the muscle layer and when injected intravenously, they were noted to initiate the neuronal regeneration process.

Anterior sagittal approach without splitting the rectal wall.

INTRODUCTION: The anterior sagittal transrectal approach (ASTRA) has already become popular to treat lesions in the proximal urethra such as trauma, duplicity and stenosis, prostatic utricle, urethral-vaginal fistulas and urogenital sinus anomalies. It provides much better exposure than the traditional perineal approach. Morbidity caused by this technique could be potentially decreased if the anterior sagittal access were to be made without sectioning the rectum. We report our initial experience using anterior approach without rectal sectioning for the treatment of three different types of pelvic disorders. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Anterior sagittal access without sectioning the rectal wall was carried out in three different clinical cases - a vaginoplasty in a female patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia; to treat paradoxical urinary incontinence in a patient with proximal hypospadias (46XY karyotype) and another one with gonadal dysgenesis (46XO/XY karyotype). DISCUSSION: Several surgical techniques have been reported to repair congenital or acquired lesions in the posterior urethra with high morbidity and no guarantees of adequate and safe surgical exposition. ASTRA provides an excellent exposure, splitting only the anterior rectal wall. In this study, the anterior sagittal approach was applied without splitting the rectal wall to repair different posterior urethral anomalies, providing excellent exposure without compromising the fecal continence mechanism. CONCLUSION: The anterior sagittal approach without splitting the rectum is a feasible procedure which provides excellent exposure to the posterior urethra in most cases and leads to less morbidity as it avoids the splitting and suturing of the rectum anterior wall.

Renal tumor and trauma: a pitfall for conservative (correction of conversative) management.

PURPOSE: Conservative management has been largely used for renal trauma. Although this approach is safe and highly recommended, it can hide a pre-existing unknown condition, such as tumors or urinary malformations. A high index of suspicion is needed for early recognition of these conditions. We present four cases treated at the Pediatric Oncology Institute - Federal University of São Paulo, which have been initially treated conservatively for renal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed all 218 renal cases of renal tumors treated at our institution in a 22-year period, searching for associated trauma events. RESULTS: Four cases of renal tumors were initially treated conservatively for blunt renal trauma of low energy mechanism. Patients ' ages ranged from 7 to 12 years old. Two patients had no previous symptoms, one patient had hematuria and another had an abdominal mass. Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed disparate magnitude of the renal bleeding to the low energy mechanism of trauma. All patients underwent surgical treatment. Kidney specimens showed Wilms tumor in three cases and renal carcinoma in one. CONCLUSIONS: The association between renal tumors and trauma should be suspected when renal trauma hemorrhage on abdominal CT scan does not match the low energy mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma. The key for a successful diagnosis of renal tumor or congenital malformations is the high index of suspicion for these conditions.

Unusual case of epigastric heteropagus twinning.

Asymmetrical conjoined twins or heteropagus twins are extremely rare. They are characterized by an incomplete component (parasite) that is normally smaller and dependent on the host (autosite). In cases of an epigastric heteropagus twin, the insertion occurs in the epigastrium. There are few reports of epigastric heteropagus twinning in the English-language literature. The authors report an extremely rare case of epigastric heteropagus twinning in which the parasite presented with head, thorax, and a rudimentary heart.