Fifteen research needs for understanding climate change impacts on ecosystems and society in the Norwegian High North.

There is an urgent need to understand and address the risks associated with a warming climate for ecosystems and societies in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. There are major gaps in our understanding of the complex effects of climate change-including extreme events, cascading impacts across ecosystems, and the underlying socioecological dynamics and feedbacks-all of which need collaborative efforts to be resolved. Here, we present results where climate scientists, ecologists, social scientists, and practitioners were asked to identify the most urgent research needs for understanding climate change impacts and to identify the actions for reducing future risks in catchment areas in the Norwegian High North, a region that encompasses both Arctic and sub-Arctic climates in northern Norway. From a list of 77 questions, our panel of 19 scientists and practitioners identified 15 research needs that should be urgently addressed. We particularly urge researchers to investigate cross-ecosystem impacts and the socioecological feedbacks that could amplify or reduce risks for society.

What happens when the ice melts? Belugas, contaminants, ecosystems and human communities in the complexity of global change.

In general, it is important to examine the whole spectrum of interrelated fields while comprehending pollution, climate change or the environment, because some of their relevances are expected and others not. This study aims at comparatively examining different but interrelated ways of acquiring and communicating information on environmental changes, focusing on pollution in the Arctic, in particular Greenland. In the context of climate change, it discusses how heavily polluted and stressed Arctic marine ecosystems may be affected when ice melts. Bridging cultures of knowledge, this study claims that traditional knowledge together with natural science and studies of contaminants in Arctic marine ecosystems can indicate behavioural factors, elements acting as additional stressors on animals and communities relying on them. Furthermore, it explains the role of scientific engagement with local communities in not only the identification and verification of stressors, enhancing our understanding of them, but also the proposal of solutions to related problems.