RESUMO
The presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in glioblastoma (GBM) and improved outcomes of GBM patients receiving therapies targeting the virus have implicated HCMV in GBM progression. However, a unifying mechanism that accounts for the contribution of HCMV to the malignant phenotype of GBM remains incompletely defined. Here we have identified SOX2, a marker of glioma stem cells (GSCs), as a key determinant of HCMV gene expression in gliomas. Our studies demonstrated that SOX2 downregulated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and Sp100 and consequently facilitated viral gene expression by decreasing the amount of PML nuclear bodies in HCMV-infected glioma cells. Conversely, the expression of PML antagonized the effects of SOX2 on HCMV gene expression. Furthermore, this regulation of SOX2 on HCMV infection was demonstrated in a neurosphere assay of GSCs and in a murine xenograft model utilizing xenografts from patient-derived glioma tissue. In both cases, SOX2 overexpression facilitated the growth of neurospheres and xenografts implanted in immunodeficient mice. Lastly, the expression of SOX2 and HCMV immediate early 1 (IE1) protein could be correlated in tissues from glioma patients, and interestingly, elevated levels of SOX2 and IE1 were predictive of a worse clinical outcome. These studies argue that HCMV gene expression in gliomas is regulated by SOX2 through its regulation of PML expression and that targeting molecules in this SOX2-PML pathway could identify therapies for glioma treatment.
Assuntos
Glioma , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Citomegalovirus/fisiologia , Regulação para Baixo , Expressão Gênica , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patologia , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
The WHO (2021) Classification classified a group of pediatric-type high-grade gliomas as IDH wildtype, H3 wildtype but as of currently, they are characterized only by negative molecular features of IDH and H3. We recruited 35 cases of pediatric IDH wildtype and H3 wildtype hemispheric glioblastomas. We evaluated them with genome-wide methylation profiling, targeted sequencing, RNAseq, TERT promoter sequencing, and FISH. The median survival of the cohort was 27.6 months. With Capper et al.'s36 methylation groups as a map, the cases were found to be epigenetically heterogeneous and were clustered in proximity or overlay of methylation groups PXA-like (n = 8), LGG-like (n = 10), GBM_MYCN (n = 9), GBM_midline (n = 5), and GBM_RTKIII (n = 3). Histology of the tumors in these groups was not different from regular glioblastomas. Methylation groups were not associated with OS. We were unable to identify groups specifically characterized by EGFR or PDGFRA amplification as proposed by other authors. EGFR, PDGFRA, and MYCN amplifications were not correlated with OS. 4/9 cases of the GBM_MYCN cluster did not show MYCN amplification; the group was also enriched for EGFR amplification (4/9 cases) and the two biomarkers overlapped in two cases. Overall, PDGFRA amplification was found in only four cases and they were not restricted to any groups. Cases in proximity to GBM_midline were all hemispheric and showed loss of H3K27me3 staining. Fusion genes ALK/NTRK/ROS1/MET characteristic of infantile glioblastomas were not identified in 17 cases successfully sequenced. BRAF V600E was only found in the PXA group but CDKN2A deletion could be found in other methylation groups. PXA-like cases did not show PXA histological features similar to findings by other authors. No case showed TERT promoter mutation. Mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes were poor prognosticators in single (p ≤ 0.001) but not in multivariate analyses (p = 0.229). MGMT had no survival significance in this cohort. Of the other common biomarkers, only TP53 and ATRX mutations were significant poor prognosticators and only TP53 mutation was significant after multivariate analyses (p = 0.024). We conclude that IDH wildtype, H3 wildtype pediatric hemispheric glioblastomas are molecularly heterogeneous and in routine practice, TP53, ATRX, and MMR status could profitably be screened for risk stratification in laboratories without ready access to methylation profiling.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Criança , Receptores ErbB/genética , Humanos , Mutação , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica N-Myc/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genéticaRESUMO
The diagnostic role of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in adult lower grade astrocytomas was first formally presented within the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (2016). IDH-mutant astrocytomas are not as common as IDH-wildtype astrocytomas but are of better prognosis. Our previous study provided an evident that IDH-mutant lower grade astrocytomas is not a homogeneous group and could be further stratified by PDGFRA amplification, CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A deletion. In this study, we detected the expressions of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (PMS2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) and PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry in 147 IDH-mutant lower grade astrocytomas and explored their clinical relevance. The loss of was identified in 28.6%, 1.4%, 8.8% and 13.6%, respectively. PD-L1 expression was detected in 1.4% of this cohort. Survival analysis revealed that loss of PMS2 was correlated with shorter OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.005). Loss of PMS2 or MLH1 was associated with shorter OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.008). In IDH-mutant lower grade astrocytomas without CDKN2A deletion, loss of PMS2 was associated with poorer OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.001). Furthermore, among IDH-mutant lower grade astrocytomas lacking the three biomarkers (PDGFRA, CDK4 and CDKN2A), loss of PMS2 was also associated with a poorer OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.003). Our data illustrated the potential application of MMR genes in stratification of IDH-mutant lower grade astrocytomas without PDGFRA, CDK4 and CDKN2A copy number alterations.
Assuntos
Astrocitoma/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Endonuclease PMS2 de Reparo de Erro de Pareamento/genética , Proteína 1 Homóloga a MutL/genética , Adulto , Astrocitoma/metabolismo , Astrocitoma/mortalidade , Astrocitoma/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Endonuclease PMS2 de Reparo de Erro de Pareamento/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Homóloga a MutL/metabolismo , Mutação , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The generation of ßamyloid protein (Aß) is considered a key step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the regulation of its production is an important therapeutic strategy. It was hypothesized in the present study that NogoA may be involved in AD and may regulate the generation of Aß. NogoA is known to act as a major inhibitor of neuron regeneration in the adult central nervous system. A recent study indicated that NogoA is associated with AD; however, the underlying effect and molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. In the present study, the potential effects of NogoA on AD were investigated. ELISA was used to detect the levels of Aß, enzymatic activity detection kits were used to determine the activity of secretase enzymes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, and western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of proteins associated with the APP processing and NogoA/Nogo66 receptor (NgR) signaling pathways. The results revealed that Nogo66, the major inhibitory region of NogoA, promoted neuronal Aß secretion by increasing the activity of ßsecretase 1 via the NgR/Rhoassociated coiledcoil containing kinases pathway in a dosedependent manner. The present data suggested that NogoA may facilitate the onset and development of AD by promoting Aß secretion, providing information on a potential novel target for AD therapy.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Proteínas Nogo/metabolismo , Receptor Nogo 1/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/genética , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/genética , Animais , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/genética , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Proteínas Nogo/genética , Receptor Nogo 1/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Quinases Associadas a rho/genética , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismoRESUMO
A series of linear carboxylic acids containing diacetylenic units at different positions along the chain (C12 H25 (C≡C)2 (CH2 )n COOH, n=7-11) were vacuum-deposited on clean silica substrates. The morphologies of the initial films after UV irradiation were studied. A clear odd-even effect on the morphology of the initial film was observed in that, depending on the spacer length between the diacetylenic unit and carboxyl head group, rings or dendrites of acid dimer layers were obtained. A molecular dynamic simulation of the aggregation process suggests that two competing intermolecular interactions and thus aggregation directions are involved and modulated by the odd or even carbon chain length. Further modulation of the interaction by substitution of a phenyl group at the terminus of the chain or by changing the carboxyl head group to an amidobenzoic acid head group led to a similar odd-even effect but with different dimensions or trends, which can be rationalized similarly. These results give the opportunity to create aligned conjugated polymer chains of different dimensions through self-assembly for applications in molecular/organic electronics.
RESUMO
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Due to its invasive nature, it cannot be thoroughly eliminated. WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12) processes the 32S precursor rRNA but cannot affect the synthesis of the 45S/47S primary transcript. In this study, we found that WDR12 is highly expressed in GBM according to the analysis results of mRNA expression by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The high expression level of WDR12 is dramatically related to shorter overall survival and reduced disease-free survival. Next, we knocked down WDR12 and found that knockdown of WDR12 promoted the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation by cell biology experiments. Differential expression genes in gene-chip revealed that WDR12 knockdown mainly inhibited cell cycle. Finally, we also found that WDR12 is associated with PLK1 and EZH2 in cell proliferation of GBM. Resumptively, this report showed a possible evidence that WDR12 drove malignant behavior of GBM, whose expression may present a neoteric independent prognostic biomarker in GBM.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Glioblastoma/genética , Oncogenes/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Genômica/métodos , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro/genéticaRESUMO
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively novel type of tumor therapy method with low toxicity and limited sideeffects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism and potential microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the treatment of glioma by PDT with hematoporphyrin, a clinical photosensitizer. The photodynamic activity of hematoporphyrin on the cell viability and apoptosis of gliomas was investigated by MTT, and flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Alterations in singlet oxygen and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. The differentially expressed miRNAs and proteins were evaluated by miRNA gene chip and apoptosisassociated protein chip, respectively. The results demonstrated that cell viability significantly decreased with hematoporphyrin concentration. PDT with hematoporphyrin significantly increased cell apoptosis at a later stage, induced the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that PDT with hematoporphyrin inhibited cell growth via induction of radical oxygen, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis. The upregulated miRNAs, including hsamiR7641, hsamiR9500, hsamiR4459, hsamiR215p, hsamiR663a and hsamiR2055p may be important in PDTinduced cell apoptosis in glioma. Transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member and nuclear factorκBmediated apoptosis signaling pathways were the most significant pathways. Thus, the current study presents PDT as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignant glioma, and identified miRNAs for the molecular design and development of a thirdgeneration photosensitizer (PS).
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Hematoporfirinas/farmacologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioma/genética , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotoquimioterapia , Oxigênio Singlete/metabolismoRESUMO
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. In spite of recent advancements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, patients with GBM often face a dire prognosis. MicroRNAs have been shown to modulate the aggressiveness of various cancers, and have emerged as possible therapeutic agents for the management of GBM. miR205 is dysregulated in glioma and act as a prognostic indicator. However, the role of miR205 in the development of GBM has not been elucidated. To better understand the pathogenesis of GBM, we examine the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of miR205 in GBM cells. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has been shown to regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is strongly associated with GBM malignancy. In the present study, we show miR205 expression is reduced in GBM tissues and cell lines, and ZEB1 expression is inversely correlated with miR205 expression. We also show ZEB1 is a downstream target of miR205 and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated when miR205 interacts with ZEB1. Increased activity of miR205 in GBM cells significantly inhibits migration and invasion, and prevents EMT. Furthermore, overexpression of ZEB1 partially abolishes these inhibitory effects of miR205. We show that miR205 negatively regulates the expression of ZEB1 in GBM, inhibits cell migration and invasion, and prevents EMT, at least in part through the inhibition of the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results indicate miR205 may be an efficacious therapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Glioblastoma/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/genética , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a novel cytotoxic agent used as first-line chemotherapy for GBM, however, some individual cells can't be isolated for surgical resection and show treatment-resistance, thus inducing poor prognosis. By using the HiSeq sequencing and bioinformatics methods, we identified lncRNAs showing different expression levels in TMZ-resistant and non-resistant patients. RT-qPCR was then performed in tissues and serum samples, and lncRNA MALAT1 was finally identified to show considerable discriminating potential to identify responding patients from non-responding patients. Moreover, high serum MALAT1 expression was associated with poor chemoresponse and survival in GBM patients receiving TMZ treatment. Subsequently, the TMZ resistant cell lines were established, and the CCK8 assay showed that lncRNA MALAT1 knockdown significantly reversed TMZ resistance in GBM cells. The gain and loss-function experiments revealed that miR-203 was down-regulated by MALAT1 and this interaction has reciprocal effects. Besides, thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA was identified as a direct target of miR-203. LncRNA MALAT1 inhibition re-sensitized TMZ resistant cells through up-regulating miR-203 and down-regulating TS expression. On the other hand, MALAT1 overexpression promoted resistance by suppressing miR-203 and promoting TS expression. In conclusion, our integrated approach demonstrates that enhanced expression of lncRNA MALAT1 confers a potent poor therapeutic efficacy and inhibition of MALAT1 levels could be a future direction to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Dacarbazina/análogos & derivados , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Glioblastoma/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Timidilato Sintase/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dacarbazina/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Temozolomida , Timidilato Sintase/genética , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Focused ion beams (FIBs) are versatile tools with cross-disciplinary applications from the physical and life sciences to archeology. Nevertheless, the nanoscale patterning precision of FIBs is often accompanied by defect formation and sample deformation. In this study, the fundamental mechanisms governing the large-scale plastic deformation of nanostructures undergoing FIB processes are revealed by a series of molecular dynamic simulations. A surprisingly simple linear correlation between atomic volume removed from the film bulk and film deflection angle, regardless of incident ion energy and current, is revealed, demonstrating that the mass transport to the surface of material caused by energetic ion bombardment is the primary cause leading to nanostructure deformation. Hence, by controlling mass transport by manipulation of the incident ion energy and flux, it is possible to control the plastic deformation of nanostructures, thereby fabricating nanostructures with complex three-dimensional geometries.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Radiation induced brain injury ranges from acute reversible edema to late, irreversible radiation necrosis. Radiation induced temporal lobe necrosis is associated with permanent neurological deficits and occasionally progresses to death. OBJECTIVE: We present our experience with surgery on radiation induced temporal lobe necrosis (RTLN) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with special consideration of clinical presentation, surgical technique, and outcomes. METHOD: This retrospective study includes 12 patients with RTLN treated by the senior author between January 2010 and December 2014. Patients initially sought medical treatment due to headache; other symptoms were hearing loss, visual deterioration, seizure, hemiparesis, vertigo, memory loss and agnosia. A temporal approach through a linear incision was performed for all cases. RTLN was found in one side in 7 patients, and bilaterally in 5. 4 patients underwent resection of necrotic tissue bilaterally and 8 patients on one side. RESULTS: No death occurred in this series of cases. There were no post-operative complications, except 1 patient who developed aseptic meningitis. All 12 patients were free from headache. No seizure occurred in patients with preoperative epilepsy. Other symptoms such as hemiparesis and vertigo improved in all patients. Memory loss, agnosia and hearing loss did not change post-operatively in all cases. The follow-up MR images demonstrated no recurrence of necrotic lesions in all 12 patients. CONCLUSION: Neurosurgical intervention through a temporal approach with linear incision is warranted in patients with radiation induced temporal lobe necrosis with significant symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure, minimum space occupying effect on imaging, or neurological deterioration despite conservative management.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/radioterapia , Necrose/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Lesões por Radiação/cirurgia , Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Adulto , Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Carcinoma , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Necrose/etiologia , Lobo Temporal/lesões , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) is a regulator of gene transcription and has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in cancers. However, it is unclear whether CPEB4 has any clinical significance in patients with astrocytic tumors, and mechanisms that CPEB4 contribute to progression of astrocytic tumors remain largely unknown. Here, correlation between CPEB4 expression and prognosis of patients with astrocytic tumors were explored by using qPCR, WB and IHC, and X-tile, SPSS software. Cell lines U251 MG and A172 were used to study CPEB4's function and mechanisms. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescent assay, and western blot were performed to observe the interaction between CPEB4 and Vimentin. CPEB4 mRNA and protein levels were markedly elevated in 12/12 astrocytic tumors in comparison to paratumor. High expression of CPEB4 was significantly correlated with clinical progressive futures and work as an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with astrocytic tumors (relative risk 4.5, 95 % CI 2.1-11.2, p = 0.001). Moreover, knockdown of CPEB4 in astrocytic tumor cells inhibited their proliferation ability , clonogenicity, and invasiveness. Five candidate proteins, GRP78, Mortalin, Keratin, Vimentin, and ß-actin, were identified, and the interaction between CPEB4 and Vimentin was finally confirmed. Downregulation of CPEB4 could reduce the protein expression of Vimentin. Our studies first validated that CPEB4 interacts with Vimentin and indicated that high CPEB4 expression in astrocytic tumors correlates closely with a clinically aggressive future, and that CPEB4 might represent a valuable prognostic marker for patients with astrocytic tumors.
Assuntos
Astrocitoma/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Prognóstico , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Vimentina/genética , Actinas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Astrocitoma/patologia , Astrocitoma/cirurgia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Proliferação de Células/genética , Chaperona BiP do Retículo Endoplasmático , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/biossíntese , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/biossíntese , Humanos , Queratinas/biossíntese , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Mitocondriais/biossíntese , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/biossíntese , Análise de Sobrevida , Vimentina/biossínteseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: There is currently no consensus on a standardized treatment strategy for olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), especially for intracranial invasion. This purpose of this study is to explore the appropriate treatment modality and prognostic factors of intracranial invasive ONB. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: The study was conducted at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cases of intracranial invasive ONB were collected and investigated using a retrospective review analysis from patients diagnosed between 1980 and 2005. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for the group were 55%, 46%, and 31%, respectively. The subgroups who did not receive surgical treatment had worse survival rates than those who did receive treatment. In particular, patients who did not receive any therapy did not live past 1 year. In contrast, the group of patients treated by intranasal resection in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy showed a slightly better survival rate. It is important to note that the group of patients treated by craniofacial surgery combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had a markedly favorable prognosis, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of up to 100%, 88%, and 66%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial surgery in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was an effective treatment for intracranial invasive ONB. In addition, it was found that age may not be an important prognostic factor for intracranial invasive ONB; however, the rate of intracalvarial invasion was found to be a potent marker for predicting the prognosis of patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Estesioneuroblastoma Olfatório/terapia , Cavidade Nasal , Neoplasias Nasais/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Criança , China , Estudos de Coortes , Terapia Combinada , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Estesioneuroblastoma Olfatório/mortalidade , Estesioneuroblastoma Olfatório/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Neoplasias Nasais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Nasais/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Numerous studies have established that photodynamic therapy (PDT) can trigger tumor-specific immunity and cancer cell immunogenicity, both of which play a critical role in the long-term control of oncogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unexplained. Deficiency of the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) has been observed in a variety of tumors, and the question has been raised whether the restoration of TAP1 could facilitate the activation of antitumor immunity. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying PDT-induced immunopotentiation, we examined the hypothesis that upregulating TAP1 via PDT may contribute to enhancement of antitumor immunity and cancer cell immunogenicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of PDT on the expression and function of TAP1 in glioma cells. We found that HMME-based PDT restored TAP1 expression in a rapid and transient manner. Furthermore, the newly synthesized TAP1 protein was capable of potentiating the activity of transporting antigen peptides. As a result, restoration of the expression and function of TAP1 translated into augmenting the presentation of surface MHC class I molecules. Overall, our data indicate that PDT enables glioma cells to recover both the expression of functional TAP1 and the presentation of surface MHC class I antigens, which are processes that may enhance antitumor immunity after PDT. These findings may have implications for PDT and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying PDT-induced immunopotentiation.
Assuntos
Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Glioma/imunologia , Glioma/metabolismo , Hematoporfirinas/farmacologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Fotoquimioterapia , Membro 2 da Subfamília B de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Apresentação de Antígeno , Western Blotting , Neoplasias Encefálicas/imunologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Citometria de Fluxo , Glioma/terapia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferon gama , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The main target of this work is to characterize the abatements of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) from an actual diesel exhaust using dielectric barrier discharge technology (DBD). The effects of several parameters, such as peak voltage, frequency and engine load, on the contaminant removals have been investigated intensively. The present study shows that for a given frequency, the removals of PM and HC are enhanced with the increase of peak voltage and level off at higher voltage, while in the range of higher voltages a decline of NO(x) removal efficiency is observed. For a given voltage, the maximums of specific energy density (SED) and removal efficiency are attained at resonance point. The increase of peak voltage will result in a significant decrease of energy utilization efficiency of DBD at most engine loads. Alkanes in soluble organic fraction (SOF) are more readily subjected to removals than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).